Discursive Essays

Ex 3
1. Opinion essay
2. Opinion essay
3. For and against essay
4. Opinion essay
5. For and against essay
6. Opinion essay
7. Essay suggesting solutions to problems
8. For and against essay
9. Opinion essay
10. For and against essay
Ex 4
A- Formal style: advanced vocabulary, passive voice, complex sentences, inversion, formal
linking
B- Informal style: short forms, colloquial expressions, simplistic vocabulary.
Ex 5
1A
2C
3B
Ex 6
1D
2B
3A
4E
5C
Ex 8
1C
2D
3A
4B
Ex 9
1.
2.
3.
4.

Health
Psychological
Economic
Social

5. Educational

For and Against Essays

Ex 3
Introduction summary of the topic
Main Body: Paragraph 2-3: arguments for justification
Paragraph 3-4: arguments against
Conclusion balanced consideration
Ex 4
1. Most people advocate that recycling some products reduces the amount of damage we do
to the environment
2. Some people feel that mothers cannot be career women too.
3. Sceptics point out that nuclear testing has long-lasting effects on surrounding areas.
4. Many people support the idea that harsher punishments for criminals would result in a
decrease in the crime rate.
5. A further common belief is that the use of computers is reducing levels of literacy.
Ex 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The view/the belief

Disadvantage
Advocate
Aspect
Suggested/claimed
Huge/great

Ex 6
1. Not only can pets prove to be good companion but they can also teach children a sense of
responsibility.
2. Even though nowadays many people decide to open their own business, a slump in the
economy has resulted in the closure of many small businesses.
3. Apart from being time-saving devices, computers can do things which people could
hardly do before.
4. Despite the fact that living in the countryside can be beneficial for your health, some
essentials are not so easy available.
5. Voting gives you a voice in the decisions of the government, not to mention that it also
gives you a feeling of belonging to a larger community.
Ex 7
1. Despite the fact that country life can be much healthier than the city life, many people
cannot get used to its lack of some essentials.

2. Efforts have been made to reduce discrimination between men and women; however,
there are some positions that women cannot hold.
3. Regardless of the fact that some attempts to end wars were made, in Pakistan there are
disputes that end with the death of people.
4. Many people feel that the testing of products is cruel, whereas others believe that it is
very useful.
Ex 8
1. Alternative medicines treat the symptoms of a disease, while conventional medicines
treat the underlying cause of a disorder.
2. Although alternative medicines make use of natural products rather than drugs, they are
not tested on animals.
3. Despite the fact that conventional doctors have recognizable and respected qualifications,
conventional treatments are widely available to everyone.
4. Nonetheless people trust conventional treatments because they are tested scientifically,
they are often suspicious of alternative methods which sometimes rely on a trial and
error technique.
5. Alternative treatments cause few or no-side effects, whereas conventional treatments can
cause severe side-effects.
Ex 9
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

In general
Up to a point
Needless to say
Example
Obviously
Especially
This means
Indeed
In fact

Ex 10
1. The government has launched a paign to promote new business rural areas with the
intention of drawing people away from the large urban centres.
2. In addition of being a highly entertainment medium, television can also be an educational
tool.
3. Due to the fact that freedom is an inalienable right, people are allowed to publish
books
4. Consumerism is becoming more and more a part of modern society on the grounds of
advertising and media.
5. Many people object to smoking therefore I object because passive smoking can be
extremely harmful.

Ex 11
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Taking everything into account, I am convinced that

All in all, I agree that
For the above-mentioned reasons, therefore I believe that
On balance, I am inclined to consider that
To sum up, it is my opinion that.

Ex 12
1.
2.
3.
4.

Balanced consideration
Writers opinion directly
Writers opinion indirectly
Balanced consideration

Ex 13
1.One of the main arguments for advertising One very convincing point in favour of
2. Such as for instance
3. Moreover in addition to this
4. What is more apart from
5. In other words to say so
6. Bothand as well as
7. On the other hand however
8. Furthermore what is more
9. Especially particularly
10. In addition to this Not to mention the fact that
11. In order to so that
Ex 14
1234-

C
A
B
D

School plays a more important role than the family in shaping ones
personality
Nowadays people tend to put a great accent on their carriers and sometimes the family
life is left aside. Children spend most of their time at school and in some situations, their spare
time is also spent in after schools places where they can do their homework as well as learn
new things by the aid of games.

One point in favour of the role of schools is that it is at school where children first learn
to socialize. The first days at school are essential. Little pupils meet one with each other and they
even get friends. Usually, teachers ask them to say in front of the class a short personal
presentation. This is a very useful technique because in this way, the shy little ones manage to get
courage and talk in front of a group of persons of their age. Moreover, in some cases they are
asked what they want to become when growing up. The answers may be hint of the same
interests and may also lead to creating friendships.
What is more, the average children spend as many as eight hours a day in school. So it
can be considered that school is like their second home. Here they learn and play. Through the
aid of games there are developed some personal characteristics such as working in groups (team
work) which helps at becoming great listeners. Moreover, pupils learn the bases of good
manners.
On the other hand, most children have a closer relationship with their parents than with
their teachers. It is especially the case of children who did not socialize very much until reaching
the age of seven and had spent most of their time with their parents. Scientists believe that in no
way can a teacher occupy the position of a mother. In order that the child to succeed, family has
to explain him/her that school can be considered a place where he/she should go from obligation
or necessity.
Furthermore, children usually spend five years of their live at home before they even go
to school. Traditionally, it is a common belief that says that nothing compares to the learning
gained by staying at home with parents. There is considered that these five years are essential in
shaping ones personality because there is always someone standing with the eyes on the child
and following each of his moves, never letting him to make any mistake.
To sum up, I consider that both family and school are important in shaping a childs
personality. A child should be taught both to socialize and to respect his parents opinions.

Should countries encourage tourism?

Nowadays tourism is very important due to the fact that many people want to break away
from the routine and relax. But while deciding upon the plans for the holiday, an idle traveler
will not think at the benefits that tourism has on that specific country.
First of all, a great advantage for countries to develop the tourism is that fact that tourism
can be an important source of income. It can improve considerably the economy of a country.

Some countries rely on the visitors that pass their bounds. One example is Bahamas. The state is
visited mainly for its gorgeous beaches and the enormous income is due to the high prices for
accommodation and the ability to adapt to the tourists interests.
What is more, the desire to attract tourists to a certain area often encourages governments
to improve local facilities. Sometimes, some beautiful and interesting places are left aside
because the authorities do not appropriate funds for their improvements. But as the place
becomes more and more popular, the government is forced to budget.
Nonetheless, over-development leads to ugly, crowded tourist spots and environmental
damages. This happens when accent is exclusively on tourism rather than on the protection of the
environment. Businessmen do not take into consideration the surroundings when deciding to
build hotels or places for entertainment. Sometimes, there are many trees that are being cut and a
lot of natural parks that are being destroyed.
Taking everything into account, I am inclined to believe that tourism should be
encouraged as long as it is under the careful monitoring of specialists.