International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014

www.ijsret.org

ISSN 2278 0882

SPEED MONITORING AND PROTECTION OF MOTOR USING ZIGBEE

COMMUNICATION
P.E. Elavenil1, Dr. R. Kalaivani2
M.E (Embedded Systems) , 2Professor

1
1,2

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai.

ABSTRACT
This paper is for monitoring the speed, torque and
protection of three phase induction motor from
overload by implementing ZigBee based wireless
sensor network. The design of the system maintains
security, provides high reliability and are susceptible to
many types of faults. The system has transmitter and
receiver section which are controlled by PIC16F877A
microcontroller. The communication between those
sections are made by ZigBee transmitter and receiver
section. The parameters such as voltage, current, speed
and torque of induction motor were monitored. The
monitored values are displayed in PC and as SMS in
mobile through GSM technology. If overload
condition occurs, relay driver circuit will open and
makes the motor to turn OFF. Thus input values are
maintained within the limit and speed of the motor will
be in a controlled manner.
Index terms- GSM Technology, Induction motor,
Overload protection, Speed monitoring, WSN
(Wireless Sensor Networks), ZigBee Transmitter and
Receiver.
1. INTRODUCTION
It is becoming very popular the utilization of three
phase induction motors when compared to single phase
induction motors for many of the applications because
of its simple design, rugged performance and easy
maintenance. The advancement of power electronics
technology and the cost makes this utilization possible.
Accurate monitoring and estimation of energy usage
condition for motor systems enable proper actions at
various levels to be taken to improve the overall
system efficiency for energy savings. Although, these
electromechanical devices are highly reliable, they are
susceptible to many types of faults which may be
either mechanical such as broken down of the rotor
bar, bearing fault or electrical fault such as variation of
frequency, unbalanced voltage and intern short circuits
in stator winding. This technique is used to identify
failures in oil and gas, mining, sugar and alcohol
industries.
The obtained parameters are sent to the monitoring
unit through wireless sensor networks (WSN) [1], [2]
provide self-organisation and local processing

capability and will be displayed in PC (Personal

Computer) [1]. LM-35 sensor is used for temperature
sensing of the motor [1]. Therefore this appears as
flexible and inexpensive solution for building
industrial monitoring and control systems. ZigBee
wireless sensor network is used here which allows the
formation of a large network of sensors in various
industrial segments. In comparison with the other
standards such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) and IEEE
802.15.1 (Bluetooth), the ZigBee standard has
advantages related to energy consumption, low cost
and scalability [3], [4].
The speed performance of induction motor is
checked first without controller and then with the help
of PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller.
The software simulation model for this speed
monitoring of three phase induction motor is
developed by using MATLAB simulink software [5],
[6]. The fault period for the particular simulation is to
be given in the three phase fault circuit. Thus the speed
of the motor decreases, if the load increases. The
parameters such as settling time and rise time were
compared and finally conclude that PID controller
gives the better performance of speed characteristics.
The overload protection of the motor is
checked by using the parameter called voltage which is
varied through potentiometer and then the results are
displayed in LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) as well as
in the virtual terminal of GSM (Global System for
Mobile communication) block. The software
simulation model for this overload protection of motor
is developed by using Proteus 7.2 software.
This paper is organised as follows. The features of
ZigBee WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) is detailed
in Section II. The experiment methodology is detailed
in Section III. The development of the simulation
blocks were explained in Section IV. The simulation
results were detailed in Section V. The comparative
results and conclusion is detailed in Section VI and the
conclusion is detailed in Section VII.
II. ZIGBEE WSN
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high
level communication on protocols using small, lowpower based on an IEEE 802 standard. This network is
often used in mesh network form to transmit data over

IJSRET @ 2014

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014

longer distances, passing data through intermediate

devices to reach more distant ones [3]. ZigBee
specifies operation in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz
(worldwide), 915 MHz (Americas and Australia) and
868 MHz (Europe) ISM bands. Transmission range is
between 10 and 75 meters (33 and 246 feet) and up to
1500 meters for ZigBee PRO.

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ISSN 2278 0882

ZigBee is used in the lighting control, sensor

networks, smart energy management systems. ZigBee
is not intended to support power line networking but to
interface with it at least for smart metering and smart
appliance purposes. Because ZigBee nodes will go
from sleep to active mode in 30 ms or less and
responsive[4].

III. EXPERIMENT METHODOLOGY

Figure 1. Schematic of Embedded System integrated into WSN.

The schematic of protection and monitoring system
is shown in the figure 1. The workbench was designed
to obtain the speed and torque parameters of the
induction motor. It has a nominal rotation speed of
1500 RPM. Proximity sensor senses the speed
performance of the induction motor which is fixed in
front of the shaft. The heat sensor called LM-35 is
used to measure the temperature of the motor for each
of the rotation. Then the signals from the sensor are
transferred to the embedded unit. The PIC16F877A
microcontroller controls both the transmitter and
receiver section. The read datas are sent to the wireless
ZigBee (a pair of ZigBee module can act as a
transmitter and as a receiver) transmitter and then to
the ZigBee receiver through the serial communication
using RS 232 port. Thus the speed and torque values

were obtained and transmitted to the monitoring unit

through ZigBee. Those values were getting displayed
in PC (Personal Computer) as well as in mobile as
SMS (Short Message Service) through GSM
technology. The potential transformer and current
transformer is used to find out the voltage and current
of the induction motor which can withstand high
voltages.
If the overload condition occurs, the system makes
the relay circuit in open condition. Thus the common
switch of relay is in contact with NO (Normally Open)
switch which makes the induction motor to turn OFF.
Thus the overload condition is prevented by using
relay driver circuitry. The input to drive the motor will
be given in the keypad. The overload condition will be
displayed in the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) as a

IJSRET @ 2014

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014

message called motor overload. The buzzer produces

a beep sound at this time of overload which indicates
that the motor turns into OFF condition. Thus the input
values are maintained within the limit and speed of the
motor will be in a controlled manner.
IV. DEVELOPMENT OF SIMULATION
BLOCKS
A. Speed monitoring of motor using MATLAB simulink
The simulation model with and without controller for
speed monitoring of three phase induction motor are
shown in the figures 2 and 3. This model has IGBT
(Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) which converts the
DC (Direct Current) to AC (Alternating Current). The
converted AC current is fed to the motor through three
legs of the IGBT transistors and three phase V-I
measurement block [5]. This V-I measurement block is
used to produce the voltage and current of the motor.
The resulting speed will be RPS (Rotation Per Second)
which is converted into RPM (Rotation Per Minute)
through gain block. The particular fault period for the
occurrence of fault is given in the three phase fault
circuit. This system is designed for both the model
with PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) controller
and without controller. The obtained speed after the
transition time is compared with the set speed value
and the error is minimised by PID controller [6]. The
speed and torque performances will be better with the
model having PID controller with the clear and
constant waveforms.

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B. Overload protection of a motor using Proteus 7.2

The simulation circuit for overload protection of the
motor is designed using Proteus 7.2 software which is
shown in the figure 4. The required components are
picked form the library block of Proteus design
schematic and placed in the model. The pins from
PIC16F877A microcontroller are interconnected with
the 16x2 LCD display, GSM module and motor. The
voltage produced from the potentiometer is given as
the input to PIC16F877A microcontroller. The baud
rate set for GSM module is 9600. Two conditions are
verified here. First, what happens to the motor, if the
set input voltage is getting exceeded. Second, what
happens to the motor, if the set input voltage is not
getting exceeded. This input voltages are specified in
the program which is written in embedded C language.
The tool used here is the MP lab software to convert
the original code into hex file. The converted hex file
is dumped into the PIC16F877A microcontroller in the
Proteus design suite. Then the simulation is to be
compiled and verify the conditions by increasing or
decreasing the voltages in the positive and negative
terminals of the potentiometer. Thus the operation of
the motor is viewed according to the set voltage
mentioned in the program. Thus overload of the motor
is minimised by displaying the alert messages in LCD
and the virtual terminal of the GSM block of the
design.

Figure 2 Developed simulink model without controller.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014

www.ijsret.org

ISSN 2278 0882

Figure 3 Developed simulink model with PID controller

Figure 4 Developed Proteus model for overload protection of the motor

V. SIMULATION RESULTS
A. Simulation result for the overload protection of
motor
Simulation for overload protection of the motor is
carried out in Proteus environment and the results are
verified. The whole system is compiled by the Run
button. The overload is checked by increasing or
decreasing the voltage through potentiometers
positive and negative terminals in which it displays the
message as motor ON and motor OFF for the
corresponding changes. The set input voltage which is
written in the program using embedded C language is
100 V. If the limit exceeds 100 V, the motor turns off
automatically by sending message as motor overload
through GSM block and LCD screen. If the limit does
not exceeds 100 V, the motor operates in normal

manner. Thus the motor stops its rotation and the

overload to the motor is minimized which is shown in
the figure 5.
B. Simulation results for speed monitoring of the motor
Simulation results for speed monitoring of the motor
are carried out in MATLAB environment and the
results are verified for the speed v/s time
characteristics. The speed response of induction motor
is checked for the models of without controller and
with PID controller [5]. When the simulation is
compiled for the give transition time, the respective
speed and torque values are obtained which is
displayed in the scope as well as waveforms in the
output screen of both the models [6]. The speed and
torque waveforms are obtained with some distortion

IJSRET @ 2014

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014

and without distortion which are shown in the figures

6(a), 6 (b) and 7(a), 7(b). This is due to the PID
controller which makes the systems speed and torque
to be maintained in a constant manner, since it has a
capacity to reduce error value as difference between
measured process variable and desired set point. The
speed and torque decreases in the particular period
because of the fault period which is given in the three
phase fault circuit. After the clearance of the fault
period, the speed and torque waveforms are generated
in a constant way. Thus the use of controllers gives the
better performance of the system.

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ISSN 2278 0882

b) Torque.
Figure 6 Plot for speed and torque without controller

c) Speed.

d) Torque.
Figure 5 Simulink output for overload condition

Figure 7 Plot for speed and torque with PID controller

The part of the program for the display of an alert

message in GSM block is shown below,
while(val>100)
{
serstr(AT);
sertx(0xod);
delay(10);
serstr(AT+CMGF=1);
sertx(0x0d);
delay(10);
serstr(AT+CMGS=+919080084480);
sertx(0x0d);
serstr(Motor overload);
delay(10);
}

VI. COMPARATIVE RESULTS

a) Speed.

A. Comparison results for speed monitoring of the

motor
The parameters such as settling and rise time were
compared for both the models which is not having
controller and having PID controller. This is done in
the speed and torque plot in which it is not settled for
the circuit without controller and it is settled at 0.02
second for the circuit with PID controller. The initial
conditions described are as follows, speed should be at
the rate of 1500 RPM, voltage should be 300 V, horse
power should be 3 HP and torque should be 11.9 Nm.
The parameter called rise time period is obtained at
0.001 second which is considered as the best because
of using PID controller. Thus PID controller is better
to improve the speed performance of induction motor.
The comparative results for speed monitoring of
induction motor with the parameters such as settling

IJSRET @ 2014

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014

www.ijsret.org

ISSN 2278 0882

and rise time using MATLAB simulink software are

listed in table 1.
B. Comparative results for overload protection of
motor
The comparative result for the conditions above 100
V and below 100 V are shown in the figures 8 and 9.
The simulation is compiled. The voltage level is
increased and decreased according to the set voltage
100 V which is written in the program code. The
message called motor ON will be displayed in LCD
screen if 100 V is maintained in the terminals of
potentiometer which is shown in the figure 8. The
message called motor overload will be displayedin
LCD screen if 100 V is not maintained which is shown
in the figure 9. Thus the message motor overload is
sent as SMS in the virtual terminal block of GSM.
Thus the comparative results for the overload
protection of motor using Proteus 7.2 software were
detailed.

Figure 9 Simulation output for above 100 V

VII. CONCLUSION
Thus this paper presents the integration of embedded
system with a ZigBee wireless sensor networks
technology for the speed and torque monitoring of
three phase induction motor. Relay driver unit is used
to turn off the motor if the overload condition exists.
The speed performance is maintained in a better
manner by using PID controller. The fault period is set
in the three phase fault circuit so that the speed of the
motor decreases. After the clearance of the fault
period, the speed maintains constantly without any
distortion. The software simulations are done by using
MATLAB simulink and Proteus 7.2 software for the
speed monitoring and overload protection of three
phase induction motor. Thus the set input voltage is
maintained within the limit and speed of the motor will
be in a controlled manner.
APPENDIX
Three phase squirrel cage, 3 HP, 1500 RPM, 300 V,
50 Hz induction motor specifications were listed in
table II.

Figure 8 Simulation output for below 100 V

Table 1 Comparative result for with and without
controller
Parameters

Without controller

With controller

Set speed

1500 RPM

1500 RPM

Set torque

11.9 Nm

11.9 Nm

Settling time

Not settled

0.02

Rise time

1.21

0.001

S.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

IJSRET @ 2014

Table II. Induction Motor Parameters

Parameter
Symbo Value
l
Supply Frequency
F
50 Hz
Voltage
V
300 V
Stator resistance
Rs
0.435
Stator inductance
Rotor resistance
Rotor inductance
Inertia
Friction factor

Ls
Rr
Lr
J
F

2*2.0e-3 H
0.816
2.0e-3 H
0.089 Kg.m2
0.02 N.m.s

International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET)

Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 760-766 February 2014

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