University of Colombo, Sri Lanka

Institute of Human Resource Advancement (IHRA)

Postgraduate Diploma in Geoinformatics (PGDGis)
2nd Semester Examination January, 2012
PGDGis12: Remote Sensing Applications
Instruction to the Candidates
1. Create your own folder in C:\exam. Folder name must be your index no.
2. This paper comprises two parts. Part I: Theory section. Answer 3 (Three) out of 4
questions in this section.
3. Part II: Practical section. You have to save your all files in the folder you have
created.
4. Total number of pages 3
5. Time allocated for the examination is three hours (From 9.00 am to 12 00 Noon)
6. If a page or a part of this question paper is not printed properly, please inform the
supervisor immediately.
7. Each question carries equal marks
8. Your data folder is C:\RS_DATA
Part I Theory ( 1 Hours)
Answer three (3) questions only.
1.
a) Which part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum is used for Microwave Remote
Sensing? Specify the most common Microwave bands and wavelength ranges.
b) Radarsat 2 was launched by Canadian Remote Sensing Agency. What are the
characteristics (Wavelength, Altitude, polarization and beam mode types) of
Radar Images from this satellite? What is the highest resolution that can be
achieved by this satellite images.
c) What are the geometric distortions that appear in radar images? Explain each of
them briefly.
2.
a) Microwave observation is highly sensitive to dielectric properties of objects.
Explain briefly.
b) An active microwave instrument return signal is influenced by some system
parameters. What are these system parameters and explain then briefly.
c) If an agricultural area with crops such as paddy and corn became flooded, what
you think these areas might look like on a radar image? Explain the reasons for
your answers based on your knowledge of how radar energy interacts with the
target.
1

3.
a) What is data fusion? What are the advantages of data fusion in Remote sensing?
What are the types of data fusion?.
b) What you mean by radiometric distortion and what are the causes of the
distortion? Describe the ways of correcting the cosmetic errors.
c) You have given a task to separate twp types of forest within a certain area with the
help of satellite images. How do you choose a suitable sensor for this purpose?.
Explain in detail with help of spectral reflectance curves.
4.
a)

What is spatial filtering?. What are the characteristics of edge

enhancement & edge detection filters
b)
Following table shows the results of validation of a land use map
containing 4 classes. Calculate producer accuracy and user accuracy of each
classes and overall accuracy of the map.
Interpretation
Reference classes
Total
A
B
C
D
result
A
35
14
10
2
61
B
5
12
3
1
21
C
12
10
35
5
62
D
3
6
13
2
24
55
42
61
10
168
c)

Earth observation data is very useful for disaster management. Explain the
contribution of Remote Sensing data effectively in the disaster management
process.

Part II Practical ( 1 Hours)

a).

Data Fusion
Data Given: GeoEye multispectral Images: blu.img, grn.img, red,img & nir.img
GeoEye Panchromatic Image: pan.img
1. Create a color composite image with 4 bands.
2. Fused the image and create a pan sharpened image with 4 bands
3. Digitized the tea area as polygon shape file and calculate the extent of Tea area in
hectares.
..hectares

b).
1.
2.
3.
4.

Multiband Image Classification for Landuse/Landcover classes

Select the spot.img image for multiband image classification.
Select Unsupervised Classification from the Classification menu to perform an
unsupervised classification using the ISODATA algorithm.
Enter 4 in the Number of Classes number field and perform the classification.
Analyze the individual classes and complete the following table.
Class Name
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4

Color

Land use/Land cover

5. Calculate the following extent from the land use map and complete the table.
Land use

Area (ha)

Percentage against the total

area of the image (%)

Water
Healthy Vegetation
Others
Total Area

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Moderated by MM Ranagalage