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1. J Aging Res. 2010 Jun 28;2010:343574.

Humor therapy: relieving chronic pain


and enhancing happiness for older
adults.
Tse MM, Lo AP, Cheng TL, Chan EK, Chan AH, Chung HS.

Source
School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Abstract
The present study examined the effectiveness of a humor therapy program in
relieving chronic pain, enhancing happiness and life satisfaction, and reducing
loneliness among older persons with chronic pain. It was a quasiexperimental pretestposttest controlled design. Older persons in a nursing home were invited to join an 8week humor therapy program (experimental group), while those in another nursing
home were treated as a control group and were not offered the program. There were
36 older people in the experimental group and 34 in the control group. Upon
completion of the humor therapy program, there were significant decreases in pain
and perception of loneliness, and significant increases in happiness and life
satisfaction for the experimental group, but not for the control group. The use of
humor therapy appears to be an effective nonpharmacological intervention. Nurses
and other healthcare professionals could incorporate humor in caring for their
patients.
PMCID: PMC2989702
Free PMC Article
PMID:
21151506
[PubMed - in process]
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2. Discov Med. 2010 Jun;9(49):579-87.

The functional neuroanatomy of

pleasure and happiness.


Kringelbach ML, Berridge KC.

Source
Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United
Kingdom. morten.kringelbach@psych.ox.ac.uk

Abstract
Over fifty years ago the discovery that rats would work to electrically stimulate their
brains suggested the intriguing possibility that bliss could be achieved through the use
of 'pleasure electrodes' implanted deep within the brain. Subsequent research has
failed to bring about this brave new world of boundless pleasure, but more recent
findings have started to throw new light on the intriguing links between brain
mechanisms of pleasure and happiness. We discuss these findings of the underlying
neural mechanisms and functional neuroanatomy of pleasure in the brain. In
particular we address how they may come to shed light on our understanding of the
brain basis of happiness. Beyond sensory pleasures, we examine how higher
pleasures may be related to the brain's default networks, especially in orchestrating
cognitive aspects of the meaningfulness important to happiness. We also address how
understanding of the hedonic brain might help alleviate the suffering caused by the
lack of pleasure, anhedonia, which is a central feature of affective disorders such as
depression and chronic pain.
PMCID: PMC3008353
Free PMC Article
PMID:
20587348
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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3. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2007 Dec 19;5:68.

Physical activity as a mediator of the


impact of chronic conditions on quality
of life in older adults.
Sawatzky R, Liu-Ambrose T, Miller WC, Marra CA.

Source
Nursing Department, Trinity Western University, 7600 Langley, British Columbia,
V2Y 1Y1, Canada. rick.sawatzky@twu.ca

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Chronic conditions could negatively affect the quality of life of older adults. This may
be partially due to a relative lack of physical activity. We examined whether physical
activity mediates the relationship between different chronic conditions and several
health outcomes that are important to the quality of life of older adults.
METHODS:
The data were taken from the Canadian Community Health Survey (cycle 1.1), a
cross-section survey completed in 2001. Only respondents who were 65 years or
older were included in our study (N = 22,432). The Health Utilities Index Mark 3
(HUI3) was used to measure overall quality of life, and to measure selected health
outcomes (dexterity, mobility, pain, cognition, and emotional wellbeing) that are
considered to be of importance to the quality of life of older adults. Leisure-time
physical activity was assessed by determining weekly energy expenditure (Kcal per
week) based on the metabolic equivalents of self-reported leisure activities. Linear
and logistic regression models were used to determine the mediating effect of leisuretime physical activity while controlling for demographic variables (age and sex),
substance use (tobacco use and alcohol consumption), and obesity.
RESULTS:
Having a chronic condition was associated with a relative decrease in health utility
scores and a relative increase in mobility limitations, dexterity problems, pain,
emotional problems (i.e., decreased happiness), and cognitive limitations. These
negative consequences could be partially attributed to a relative lack of physical
activity in older adults with a chronic condition (14% mediation for the HUI3 score).
The corresponding degree of mediation was 18% for mobility limitations, 5% for
pain, and 13% for emotional wellbeing (statistically significant mediation was not
observed for the other health attributes). These values varied with respect to the
different chronic conditions examined in our study.
CONCLUSION:
Older adults with chronic conditions are less likely to engage in leisure-time physical
activities of at least 1,000 Kcal per week, and this association partially accounts for
some negative consequences of chronic conditions, including mobility limitations,
pain, and emotional problems. These findings provide support for health promotion
programs that facilitate or encourage increased leisure-time physical activity in older
people with chronic conditions.

PMCID: PMC2246116
Free PMC Article
PMID:
18093310
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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4. Eur J Pain. 2008 Apr;12(3):329-38. Epub 2007 Aug 27.

Affective pain modulation in


fibromyalgia, somatoform pain
disorder, back pain, and healthy
controls.
Arnold BS, Alpers GW, Sss H, Friedel E, Kosmtzky G, Geier A, Pauli P.

Source
Klinikum Bad Bocklet, Frankenstrasse 36, 97708 Bad Bocklet.

Abstract
Previous research suggested that patients with fibromyalgia (FM) experience a higher
pain intensity (clinical pain) than do patients with musculoskeletal pain after negative
emotional priming compared to positive priming. To further examine affective pain
modulation in FM, we applied an experimental pain induction to compare 30 patients
with FM with 30 healthy (pain-free) participants (HC), and 30 patients with back pain
(BP). For another group of 30 patients with somatoform pain disorder (SF), we
predicted the same pain modulation as for FM. As primes we presented positive,
neutral, negative, and pain-related pictures and assessed pain intensity in response to
a fixed pressure weight. Overall, picture valence modulated pain intensities (in the
order of pain-related > negative pictures > neutral), but the pain intensities between
neutral and positive pictures did not differ significantly. SF reported significantly
higher pain intensities than did BP and HC; FM were in between, but did not differ
significantly from the three other groups. There was no interaction of priming and
group. Affective modulation of pain was not specifically altered in FM and SF, but SF
were more sensitive to pressure pain than BP and HC.
PMID:
17723312
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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5. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007 Jun;47(3):235-9.

The impact of chronic vulval pain on


quality of life and psychosocial wellbeing.
Sargeant HA, O'Callaghan FV.

Source
School of Psychology, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Chronic or recurrent pain associated with the female reproductive system is not well
understood and has been neglected in research, despite it being a costly health
problem.
AIMS:
The present research investigated the psychosocial impact of vulval pain on healthrelated quality of life, sexual well-being, and relationship satisfaction among
Australian women.
METHODS:
Between June and December 2004, Australian women with and without vulval pain
completed a questionnaire containing a range of well-validated self-report measures.
Questionnaires were returned by 51 women aged between 19 and 68 years with
vulval pain and 46 women aged between 21 and 65 years without vulval pain.
RESULTS:
Similar to previous research, Australian women with vulval pain reported
significantly worse health-related quality of life, higher levels of distress related to
sexual activities, and lower levels of happiness in couple relationships than those
without pain.
CONCLUSIONS:

These results highlight serious psychosocial implications for women experiencing


chronic vulval pain. Understanding the impact that vulval pain has on women may
assist in developing appropriate psychosocial interventions that may improve quality
of life

URL :
how much power works enjoy in their enterprises and through what
mechanisms they exercise it on the basis of the democratic processes
Marx favors for politics. 52 Culturalthinking (and therefore,
treating) the needs of others as one's own, experiencing happiness
when they are happy and sadness when they are sad, and believing that
what oneconceive when we think of how close friends and relatives
often get pleasure from the happiness they give each other. Marx is
universalizing this emotion, much enriched, to
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%2Fwww.nyu.edu%2Fprojects%2Follman%2Fdocs
%2Fvision_of_communism_content.php
URL :
Polo for all ages: exercise should be functional...and fun!
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%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DRetrieve%26db
%3Dpubmed%26dopt%3DAbstract%26list_uids%3D19489511
URL :
A delivery model for overcoming psycho-behavioral barriers to exercise
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%252Fwww.scirus.com%252Fsrsapp%252F
%26md5%3D0bf6e6f338ae23a9bbfefc733cf51230
URL :
Exercise and quality of life during and after treatment for breast
cancer: results of two randomized controlled trials.
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%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fentrez%2Fquery.fcgi%3Fcmd%3DRetrieve%26db
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URL :
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Improving the Dynamic Balance Ability of Senior Citizen : ...
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%2Fir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp%2F00026094
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Review - Power Yoga for Happiness - Exercise to Reduce the Risk of
Heart Disease and Combat Depression and Anxiety
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%2Fwww.mentalhelp.net%2Fpoc%2Fview_doc.php%3Ftype%3Dbook%26id
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The effect of regular aerobic exercise on positive-activated affect: A


meta-analysis
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1. Reducing indices of unhappiness among individuals with profound multiple


disabilities during therapeutic exercise routines.
Green CW, Reid DH.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1999 Summer;32(2):137-46; quiz 146-7.
PMID: 10396767 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Free PMC Article
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2. Meditation as an adjunct to a happiness enhancement program.
Smith WP, Compton WC, West WB.
J Clin Psychol. 1995 Mar;51(2):269-73.
PMID: 7797651 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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The scientific study of happiness and health promotion: an integrative


literature review/ O estudo cientfico da felicidade e a promoo da
sade: reviso integrativa da literatura/ El estudio cientfico de la
felicidad y la promocin de la salud: revisin integradora de la
literatura
Autor(es) Scorsolini-Comin, Fabio; Santos, Manoel Antnio dos
Fonte
Rev Lat Am Enfermagem;18(3): 472-479, May-June 2010. .
Resumo The article aims to trace the profile of publications concerning the
concept of subjective well-being (SWB), considered the scientific

study of happiness, as well as discussing the impact of this


accumulated understanding on health promotion. The revision was
carried out in the databases PubMed, MedLine, PsycINFO,
SciELO, LILACS and PEPSIC using the descriptor subjective
well-being. Articles published in indexed periodicals between
1970 and 2008 were selected. From the inclusion/exclusion
criteria 19 publications were selected in full for discussion. Of
these, the majority were related to the health area and did not
approach the concept of SWB directly, but touched on this
together with the notions of well-being, satisfaction and quality of
life. There were few publications that approached the term
conceptually or that defined the instruments used for the
assessment of SWB. Concluding, the results confirm the relevance
of the theme for health promotion and the necessity of
investigations related to the practices of health professionals .(AU)
Objetivou-se traar o perfil das publicaes acerca do conceito de
bem-estar subjetivo (BES), considerado o estudo cientfico da
felicidade e discutir o impacto do conhecimento acumulado para a
promoo da sade. A reviso foi realizada nas bases PubMed,
MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SciELO, LILACS e PEPSIC a partir do
descritor subjetive well-being. Foram selecionados artigos
publicados em peridicos indexados no perodo de 1970 a 2008. A
partir dos critrios de incluso/excluso foram recuperados 19
trabalhos, na ntegra, para discusso. A maioria relativa rea de
sade e no aborda diretamente o conceito de BES, mas o evoca
juntamente com as noes de bem-estar, satisfao e qualidade de
vida. Poucos trabalhos abordam a conceitualizao do termo ou
definem os instrumentos utilizados para a mensurao do BES.
Concluindo, os resultados confirmam a atualidade e pertinncia do
tema para a promoo da sade e a necessidade de investigaes
relacionadas prtica dos profissionais de sade.(AU)
El trabajo tuvo como objetivo investigar el perfil de publicaciones
referentes al concepto del bienestar subjetivo (BES), as como la
discusin del impacto en la promocin de la salud. La revisin fue
ejecutada en los bancos de datos PubMed, MedLine, PsycINFO,
SciELO, LILACS y PEPSIC, en el perodo 1970-2008. A partir de
los criterios de inclusin y exclusin fueron recuperados 19
trabajos que fueron analizados completamente. Entre stos, la
mayora se refera al rea de la salud y no abordaba el concepto de
BES directamente, sin embargo lo evocaba juntamente con las
nociones de bienestar, satisfaccin y calidad de vida. Pocos
trabajos abordan la conceptualizacin del trmino o definen los
instrumentos utilizados para la evaluacin del BES. Se concluy
que resultados confirman la actualidad y pertinencia del tema para
la promocin de la salud y la necesidad de realizar nuevas
investigaciones relacionadas con la prctica de los profesionales
de la salud.(AU)
Assunto(s) Humanos; Felicidade; Promoo da Sade

Atividade fsica e bem-estar na velhice/ Actividad y bienestar fsico

en la tercera edad/ Senior citizen's physical activity and welfare


Autor(es) Santana, Maria da Silva; Chaves Maia, Eullia M
Fonte
Rev Salud Publica (Bogota);11(2): 225-236, mar.-abr. 2009. tab.
Resumo Objetivo Este trabalho analisa como as necessidades e valor social
das atividades fsicas na percepo do idoso se coloca para as
prticas de sade de modo geral em benefcio prprio. O objetivo
principal foi investigar as representaes sociais da atividade fsica
na terceira idade. Mtodo Pesquisa de corte transversal,
interdisciplinar e qualitativa, orientada pela Teoria das
Representaes Sociais. A amostra com 62 pessoas de 50 a 78
anos do nordeste do Brasil foi de convenincia, no-probabilstica
e censitria. Os dados foram coletados atravs da tcnica de
associao livre de palavras e analisados pelo software
EVOC/2000. Resultados A anlise das evocaes permitiu
identifcar trs tipos de elementos relacionados s Representaes
Sociais da atividade fsica atribudos pelos idosos: a) dimenso
psicolgica (felicidade, bem-estar); b) dimenso social (dana); c)
dimenso biofsica (ginstica, hidroginstica e sade). O termo
felicidade foi o que mais se destacou no teste de evocaes de
palavras. Relacionando velhice Representao Social da
atividade fsica, o estudo mostra que, por meio de um processo
cclico de valorizao-desvalorizao da velhice, a atividade fsica
assume um papel preponderante na vida de idosos, adquirindo,
simultnea e gradativamente, a Representao Social de "vida com
mais sade e qualidade". Concluso Foi reportada pelos sujeitos a
associao positiva entre atividade fsica, interao social e
sensao de bemestar, alm de repercutir, tambm no aspecto
fsico-motor e sade geral. A representao social da atividade
fsica para o grupo estudado est calcada na dimenso
biopsicossocial da atividade fsica.(AU)
Objective This work analysed senior citizens' perception of needs
and social values involved in taking physical activity for their own
benefit. This study's main aim was to investigate social
representations of 3rd age physical activity. Methods This was a
cross-sectional, interdisciplinary qualitative study, underpinned by
theoretical-methodological social representation theory. A
convenience, non-probabilistic, census-dependent method was
used for obtaining the sample of 62 people aged 50 to 78 from
north-eastern Brazil. The data were collected by using the free
word association technique and analysed by EVOC/2000 software.
Results Analysing the replies led to three types of elements being
identified which were related to the social representation of
physical activity as attributed by the elderly: a psychological
dimension (represented by happiness, well-being), a social
dimension (dancing) and a biophysical dimension (gymnastics,
water-gymnastics and health). The term "happiness" stood out
most in the word recall tests. When relating old age to the sample's
social representation of physical activity, the study showed that
physical activity assumed a preponderant role in the life of t he
elderly through cyclical appreciation-depreciation, social

representation simultaneously and gradually acquiring "life having


more health and quality" from social representation. Conclusions
The subjects reported a positive association between physical
activity, social interaction and well-being. The elderly also
believed in physical activity's effects on physical-motor aspects
and health. The social representation of physical activity by the
group being studied was close to the physical activity's
biopsychosocial dimension.(AU)
Objetivo Se analiza cmo las necesidades y el valor social de las
actividades fsicas son percibidas por la poblacin de tercera edad
y se utilizan en las prcticas de salud en beneficio propio. El
objetivo principal fue investigar las representaciones sociales de la
actividad fsica en la tercera edad. Mtodo Investigacin del corte
transversal, interdisciplinar y cualitativa, orientada por la teora de
las representaciones sociales. La muestra con 62 personas de 50 a
78 aos del noreste del Brasil, fue de conveniencia, no probabilista
y de origen censal. Los datos se recogieron por medio de la tcnica
de asociacin libre de palabras y fueron analizados con el software
EVOC/2000. Resultados El anlisis de las evocaciones permiti
identificar tres tipos de elementos relacionados con las
representaciones sociales de la actividad fsica: a) dimensin
psicolgica (felicidad, bienestar); b) dimensin social (danza); c)
dimensin biofsica (gimnasia, hidro gimnasia y salud). La
felicidad fue el trmino que ms destac en la evocacin de
palabras. Relacionando la vejez con la representacin social de la
actividad fsica, el estudio muestra que, por medio de un proceso
cclico de valoracin-desvalorizacin de la vejez, la actividad
fsica asume un papel preponderante, adquiriendo, simultnea y
gradualmente, la representacin social de "vida con ms salud y
calidad". Conclusin La asociacin positiva entre la actividad
fsica, la interaccin social y la sensacin del bienestar fue
reportada por lo sujetos por repercutir no slo en el aspecto fsicomotor sino tambin en la salud en general. La representacin
social de la actividad fsica para el grupo estudiado hace parte de
la dimensin biopsicosocial de la actividad fsica.(AU)
Assunto(s) Idoso; Feminino; Humanos; Masculino; Meia-Idade; Atividade
Motora; Qualidade de Vida; Estudos Transversais

Felicidade: uma reviso/ Happiness: a review


Autor(es) Ferraz, Renata Barboza; Tavares, Hermano; Zilberman, Monica L
Fonte
Rev. psiquiatr. cln. (So Paulo);34(5): 234-242, 2007.
Resumo CONTEXTO: A felicidade uma emoo bsica caracterizada por
um estado emocional positivo, com sentimentos de bem-estar e de
prazer, associados percepo de sucesso e compreenso
coerente e lcida do mundo. Nos ltimos anos, diversos
pesquisadores tm se preocupado em desvendar as relaes entre
felicidade e sade mental. OBJETIVO: Revisar criticamente a
literatura cientfica que aborda o tema da felicidade, assim como
as suas contribuies para a sade mental e a psiquiatria.

MTODOS: Reviso sistemtica da literatura por meio do


indexador MedLine, utilizando-se dos unitermos: happiness,
mental health, well-being, positive psychology, resilience,
optimism, gratitude, quality of life, positive emotions, personality.
RESULTADOS: Variveis como origem, sades fsica e mental,
religiosidade e determinadas caractersticas psicolgicas se
associam positivamente felicidade. No h evidncias de que
idade, gnero, estado civil, poder aquis itivo nem ocorrncia de
eventos externos (favorveis ou no) se associem
significativamente felicidade. CONCLUSO: A felicidade um
fenmeno predominantemente subjetivo, estando subordinada
mais a traos psicolgicos e socioculturais do que a fatores
externamente determinados. A identificao desses fatores
particularmente til na subpopulao que mais predisposta a
doenas mentais, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de abordagens
preventivas, com potencial repercusso nas reas social e
ocupacional.(AU)
BACKGROUND: Happiness is a basic emotion characterized by a
positive emotional state, with feelings of well-being and pleasure,
associated with a perception of sucess and a coherent and lucid
comprehension of the world. Recently, several researchers have
been involved in the elucidation of the relationship between
happiness and mental health. OBJECTIVE: Critically review the
scientific literature concerning the topic happiness and its
contributions to menta l health and to psychiatry. METHODS:
Systematic review of the literature through the MedLine database,
using the uniterms: happiness, mental health, well-being, positive
psychology, resilience, optimism, gratitude, quality of life, positive
emotions and personality. RESULTS: Variables such as origin,
physical and mental health, religiosity and certain psychological
characteristics are positively associated with happiness. There is
no evidence suggesting that age, gender, marital status,
wealthiness or the occurrence of external factors (favorable or not)
significantly associate with happiness. CONCLUSION: Happiness
is a predominantly subjective phenomenon, subordinated to
psychological and socio-cultural traits much more than to external
factors. The identification of these factors is particularly useful
when applied to subjects that are more predisposed to mental
disorders, favoring the development of prevention approaches,
which have potential repercussion in the social and occupational
areas.(AU)
Assunto(s) Felicidade; Emoes; Qualidade de Vida; Sade Mental; Literatura
de Reviso como Assunto

Eficcia de um protocolo de exerccios fsicos em pacientes com


insuficincia renal crnica, durante o tratamento de hemodilise,
avaliada pelo SF-36/ Efficacy of a physical exercises protocol in
patients with chronic renal failure during treatment of hemodialysis,
valued by SF-36

Autor(es) Soares, Karoline Teles de Arajo; Viesser, Marcel Vidal; Rzniski,


Tnia Aparecida Barbosa; Brum, Edison Paula
Fonte
Fisioter. mov;24(1): 133-140, jan.-mar. 2011. ilus.
Resumo OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos de um protocolo de exerccios
fisioteraputicos em pacientes renais crnicos, durante a terapia
hemodialtica, visando melhora de sua qualidade de vida.
MATERIAIS E MTODOS: Foram avaliados 27 pacientes, com
idade mdia de 51 10,5 anos, ndice de massa corprea mdia de
24,3 3,8 e em tratamento hemodialtico h aproximadamente 50
27,7 meses. Os pacientes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento
Livre e Esclarecido e, durante trs meses, participaram de um
programa de tratamento, durante a hemodilise, composto por
alongamentos musculares de membros inferiores, de membro
superior (que no apresentasse a fstula arteriovenosa), lombar e
cervical (caso o paciente no apresentasse o cateter cervical de
dilise); fortalecimentos musculares de membros inferiores e
membro superior, sem o acesso vascular; e relaxamento. Foi
aplicado o questionrio de qualidade de vida SF-36 antes e aps o
perodo de tratamento. RESULTADOS: Aps o tratamento, o teste
SF-36 mostrou melhora significativa das seguintes variveis:
capacidade funcional, nvel de dor, vitalidade e sade mental.
Tambm foi observado que, antes do tratamento, dez pacientes
relatavam cibras musculares e, aps a fisioterapia, somente
quatro pacientes continuaram relatando essas contraes.
CONCLUSO: Conclui-se que a atuao da fisioterapia durante a
hemodilise contribuiu para a melhora da qualidade de vida de
pacientes renais crnicos.(AU)
OBJETCTIVE: To analyze the effects of a physiotherapeutic
exercises protocol in chronic renal patients during hemodialysis
therapy, aiming at improve their quality of life. MATERIALS
AND METHODS: We evaluated 27 patients, mean age 51 10.5
years, mean body mass index of 24.3 3.8 and submitted to
hemodialysis treatment for approximately 50 27.7 months. All
patients signed a written informed consent form and, for three
months, participated in a program of physiotherapy treatment dur
ing hemodialysis, composed by muscle stretching of lower limbs,
upper limb (opposite to the arteriovenous fistula), lumbar and
cervical muscle stretching (if patient did not present cervical
catheter for dialysis); muscle strengthening of lower limbs and
upper limb without vascular access, and relaxation. Medical
Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short Form Healthy Survey (SF-36)
was applied before and after treatment. RESULTS: After
treatment, SF-36 test showed significant improvement of the
following variables: functional capacity, level of pain, vitality and
mental health. It was also observed that, before treatment, 10
patients reported muscle cramps, and after therapy, only 4 patients
remained with this symptom. CONCLUSION: The performance of
the physiotherapy during hemodialysis contributed to improve
quality of life of chronic renal patients.(AU)
Assunto(s)

Progressive muscle relaxation, yoga stretching, and ABC relaxation


theory.
Autor(es) Ghoncheh S; Smith JC
Fonte
J Clin Psychol;60(1): 131-6, 2004 Jan.
Resumo This study compared the psychological effects of progressive
muscle relaxation (PMR) and yoga stretching (hatha) exercises.
Forty participants were randomly divided into two groups and
taught PMR or yoga stretching exercises. Both groups practiced
once a week for five weeks and were given the Smith Relaxation
States Inventory before and after each session. As hypothesized,
practitioners of PMR displayed higher levels of relaxation states
(R-States) Physical Relaxation and Disengagement at Week 4 and
higher levels of Mental Quiet and Joy as a posttraining aftereffect
at Week 5. Contrary to what was hypothesized, groups did not
display different levels of R-States Energized or Aware. Results
suggest the value of supplementing traditional somatic
conceptualizations of relaxation with the psychological approach
embodied in ABC relaxation theory. Clinical and research
implications are discussed.
Assunto(s) Adaptao Psicolgica; Felicidade; Relaxamento Muscular;
Terapia de Relaxamento; Ioga; Adulto; Nvel de Alerta; Feminino;
Humanos; Masculino; Meditao/psicologia; Inventrio de
Personalidade; Ioga/psicologia

Comparao entre trs tcnicas de interveno psicolgica para


tratamento da fibromialgia: treino de controle de stress, relaxamento
progressivo e reestruturao cognitiva/ Comparison between three
techniques of pyschological intervention for the treatment of
fibromyalgia: stress control training, progressive relaxation and
cognitive restructuring
Autor(es) Brasio, Karina Magalhes; Laloni, Diana Tosello; Fernandes,
Queila Pierre; Bezerra, Thais de Lima
Fonte
Rev. cinc. md., (Campinas);12(4): 307-318, out.-dez. 2003. tab
Resumo A Fibromialgia uma sndrome, de carter crnico e etiologia
desconhecida, caracterizada por dor musculoesqueltica que afeta
vrias reas do corpo. Em funo da inexistncia de alteraes
orgnicas, a presena de fatores psicolgicos como estresse,
ansiedade, depresso, inassertividade e crenas irracionais
parecem influenciar seu incio e manuteno.O objetivo deste
trabalho foi comparar a eficcia de trs tcnicas de interveno
psicolgica: Treino de Controle de Stress, Relaxamento
Progressivo e Reestruturao Cognitiva. Participaram 21 pacientes
com fibromialgia, do sexo feminino, provenientes do Ambulatrio
de Reumatologia de um Hospital Universitrio do interior de So
Paulo, divididos, aleatoriamente em trs grupos. O Grupo I
participou do Treino de Controle de Stress; o Grupo II foi
submetido ao Relaxamento Progressivo e, no Grupo III foi

realizado a Reestruturao Cognitiva. Os pacientes receberam


tratamento mdico simultn eo e foram contatados por meio de
uma entrevista e submetidos aplicao do Inventrio de
Sintomas de Stress, Escala de Ansiedade e Depresso, dos
Levantamentos dos nveis de Inassertividade, Crenas Irracionais e
Escala Analgica Visual. Os resultados revelaram que as trs
tcnicas possibilitaram a reduo do nvel de estresse; a
diminuio da ansiedade e depresso e o desenvolvimento da
assertividade. Revelaram, ainda que, nenhuma das tcnicas
demonstraram-se significativas na reduo da percepo das dores.
Como concluso, confirma-se as controvrsias quanto etiologia
desta doena e levanta-se a necessidade da realizao de novos
trabalhos verificando o tipo de interveno mais eficaz. (AU)
Assunto(s) Humanos; Feminino; Fibromialgia/psicologia;
Fibromialgia/terapia; Estudos de Interveno; Terapia Cognitiva;
Terapia de Relaxamento; Transtornos Psicofisiolgicos/psicologia;
Transtornos Psicofisiolgicos/terapia; Doena Crnica

Dolor cronico causado por enfermedades benignas: sus implicancias


sicologicas y metodos no convencionales de tratamiento/ Chronic pain
caused by bening diseases: psychological implications and nonconventional methods of treatment
Autor(es) Wenk, Roberto; Daz, Claudia
Fonte
Rev. argent. anestesiol;47(2): 79-86, abr.-jun. 1989.
Resumo Muchos pacientes con dolor crnico de origen benigno no
encuentran alivio para su dolor. Esto se debe, en parte, al
desconocimiento y/o falta de jerarquizacin de: a) los cambios
sicolgicos que sufren estos pacientes y la influencia que tienen
sobre la percepcin del dolor, y b) las tcnicas no convencionales
disponibles para el tratamiento del dolor. Esta revisin describe la
respuesta normal adaptativa al dolor crnico y las tcnicas
conductistas y sicoteraputicas aptas para su tratamiento (AU)
Assunto(s) Humanos; Dor/terapia; Famlia; Hipnose; Pacientes/psicologia;
Psicoterapia de Grupo; Relaxamento Muscular;
Biorretroalimentao Psicolgica
. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2010 Oct;14(5):390-5.

Effects of physical exercise in the


perception of life satisfaction and
immunological function in HIV-infected
patients: Non-randomized clinical trial.
[Article in English, Portuguese]

Gomes RD, Borges JP, Lima DB, Farinatti PT.

Source
Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health
Promotion, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
there is a lack of research about the relationship between exercise and the
psychological well-being of HIV-infected (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) patients.
OBJECTIVE:
the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of a physical training
program on life satisfaction and on the immunological function in HIV-patients.
METHODS:
a total of 29 HIV-seropositive patients [age: 45 2 yrs; Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.8
1.0 kg/m ; TCD4: 20.5 2.0%] were allocated to the control (CG, n=10) and to the
experimental groups (EG, n=19). The EG participated in an exercise program
combining aerobic, strength, and flexibility exercises for a period of 12 weeks [3
times/week of 30 min of aerobic exercise (workload corresponding to 150 bpmPWC150); 50 min of strength exercises (3 sets of 12 repetitions in 5 exercises at 6080% 12 RM); and 10 min of flexibility exercises (2 sets of 30 seconds at maximal
range of motion of 8 exercises)]. The immunological function was assessed by flow
citometry [absolute and relative TCD4 cells counting] and the life satisfaction was
assessed by the Life Satisfaction Index (LSI).
RESULTS:
the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant differences for relative and
absolute CD4 T counts for both groups, however, a slight enhancement trend in the
EG [16%, p=0.19] was observed. There was a significant improvement of LSI
[approximately 15%; P<0.05] in EG, but not for CG.
CONCLUSION:
a physical activity program of moderate intensity improved life satisfaction perception
in HIV-infected patients with no immunological function impairment.
Free Article
PMID:
21180864
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations

2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jun 1;107(22):9985-90. Epub 2010 May 17.

A snapshot of the age distribution of


psychological well-being in the United
States.
Stone AA, Schwartz JE, Broderick JE, Deaton A.

Source
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA. arthur.stone@sunysb.edu

Abstract
Psychological well-being (WB) includes a person's overall appraisal of his or her life
(Global WB) and affective state (Hedonic WB), and it is considered a key aspect of
the health of individuals and groups. Several cross-sectional studies have documented
a relation between Global WB and age. Little is known, however, about the age
distribution of Hedonic WB. It may yield a different view of aging because it is less
influenced by the cognitive reconstruction inherent in Global WB measures and
because it includes both positive and negative components of WB. In this study we
report on both Global and Hedonic WB assessed in a 2008 telephone survey of
340,847 people in the United States. Consistent with prior studies, Global WB and
positive Hedonic WB generally had U-shaped age profiles showing increased WB
after the age of 50 years. However, negative Hedonic WB variables showed distinctly
different and stronger patterns: Stress and Anger steeply declined from the early 20s,
Worry was elevated through middle age and then declined, and Sadness was
essentially flat. Unlike a prior study, men and women had very similar age profiles of
WB. Several measures that could plausibly covary with the age-WB association (e.g.,
having children at home) did not alter the age-WB patterns. Global and Hedonic WB
measures appear to index different aspects of WB over the lifespan, and the
postmidlife increase in WB, especially in Hedonic WB, deserves continued
exploration.
PMCID: PMC2890490
Free PMC Article

Pain Med. 2010 May;11(5):765-73. Epub 2010 Mar 26.

God image and happiness in chronic pain


patients: the mediating role of disease
interpretation.
Dezutter J, Luyckx K, Schaap-Jonker H, Bssing A, Corveleyn J, Hutsebaut D.

Source
Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
jessie.dezutter@psy.kuleuven.be

Comment in

Pain Med. 2011 Apr;12(4):684.

Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
The present study explored the role of the emotional experience of God (i.e., positive
and negative God images) in the happiness of chronic pain (CP) patients. Framed in the
transactional model of stress, we tested a model in which God images would influence
happiness partially through its influence on disease interpretation as a mediating
mechanism. We expected God images to have both a direct and an indirect (through the
interpretation of disease) effect on happiness.
DESIGN:
A cross-sectional questionnaire design was adopted in order to measure demographics,
pain condition, God images, disease interpretation, and happiness. One hundred thirtysix CP patients, all members of a national patients' association, completed the
questionnaires.
RESULTS:
Correlational analyses showed meaningful associations among God images, disease
interpretation, and happiness. Path analyses from a structural equation modeling
approach indicated that positive God images seemed to influence happiness, both
directly and indirectly through the pathway of positive interpretation of the disease.
Ancillary analyses showed that the negative influence of angry God images on
happiness disappeared after controlling for pain severity.
CONCLUSION:
The results indicated that one's emotional experience of God has an influence on
happiness in CP patients, both directly and indirectly through the pathway of positive

disease interpretation. These findings can be framed within the transactional theory of
stress and can stimulate further pain research investigating the possible effects of
religion in the adaptation to CP.
PMID:
20353410
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations

2. J Health Psychol. 2009 May;14(4):503-12.

Health and happiness among older


adults: a community-based study.
Angner E, Ray MN, Saag KG, Allison JJ.

Source
Department of Philosophy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
35294-1260, USA. angner@uab.edu

Abstract
The relationship between health and happiness was explored using a cross-sectional
survey of 383 community-dwelling older adults. As a function of self-reported health,
median happiness was increasing at a decreasing rate; happiness variability was
decreasing at a decreasing rate. In multivariable logistic regression, lowest-quartile
happiness was associated with poverty, unfavorable subjective health, debilitating
pain and urinary incontinence, but not with the comorbidity count or other
comorbidities. The results, robust to common method bias, suggest that subjective
health measures are better predictors of happiness than objective measures are, except
for conditions that disrupt daily functioning or are associated with social stigma.
PMID:
19383651
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations

3. Eur J Pain. 2008 Apr;12(3):329-38. Epub 2007 Aug 27.

Affective pain modulation in

fibromyalgia, somatoform pain


disorder, back pain, and healthy
controls.
Arnold BS, Alpers GW, Sss H, Friedel E, Kosmtzky G, Geier A, Pauli P.

Source
Klinikum Bad Bocklet, Frankenstrasse 36, 97708 Bad Bocklet.

Abstract
Previous research suggested that patients with fibromyalgia (FM) experience a higher
pain intensity (clinical pain) than do patients with musculoskeletal pain after negative
emotional priming compared to positive priming. To further examine affective pain
modulation in FM, we applied an experimental pain induction to compare 30 patients
with FM with 30 healthy (pain-free) participants (HC), and 30 patients with back pain
(BP). For another group of 30 patients with somatoform pain disorder (SF), we
predicted the same pain modulation as for FM. As primes we presented positive,
neutral, negative, and pain-related pictures and assessed pain intensity in response to
a fixed pressure weight. Overall, picture valence modulated pain intensities (in the
order of pain-related > negative pictures > neutral), but the pain intensities between
neutral and positive pictures did not differ significantly. SF reported significantly
higher pain intensities than did BP and HC; FM were in between, but did not differ
significantly from the three other groups. There was no interaction of priming and
group. Affective modulation of pain was not specifically altered in FM and SF, but SF
were more sensitive to pressure pain than BP and HC.
PMID:
17723312
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations

4. Pain. 2007 Nov;132 Suppl 1:S86-95. Epub 2007 May 22.

A preliminary investigation of affective


interaction in chronic pain couples.
Johansen AB, Cano A.

Source
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, 7th
Floor, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.

Abstract
The objective of this preliminary study was to examine the extent to which affective
marital interaction related to depressive symptoms in persons with chronic pain and
their spouses and to pain severity in persons with pain. Couples from the community
completed self-report surveys and engaged in a videotaped conversation on a topic of
mutual disagreement that was coded for three affect types (i.e., anger/contempt,
sadness, humor). Humor was positively related to marital satisfaction in both partners.
Spouse anger/contempt and sadness were positively related to depressive symptoms
in spouses. Several significant interaction effects between couple pain status (i.e.,
whether one or both partners reported pain) and affect also emerged. Specifically,
sadness in the participant designated as the person with pain was associated with
greater depressive symptoms and pain severity when only he or she reported pain
whereas sadness was related to fewer depressive symptoms and less pain severity
when both partners reported pain. The relationships between spouse anger and spouse
depressive symptoms and between spouse humor and pain severity in the person with
pain were also moderated by couple pain status. These exploratory findings can be
interpreted in light of emotion regulation and pain empathy theories. For example,
partners who have not experienced pain themselves may fail to empathize with
persons in pain, thus preventing effective emotion regulation. When both spouses
report chronic pain, expressions of negative affect may instead promote emotion
regulation because the affect is experienced with a spouse who may be more
empathetic.
PMCID: PMC2100025
Free PMC Article
PMID:
17521810
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Related citations

5. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Dec;85(6):1136-46.

Happiness and health: environmental


and genetic contributions to the
relationship between subjective wellbeing, perceived health, and somatic

illness.
Rysamb E, Tambs K, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Neale MC, Harris JR.

Source
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
espen.roysamb@psykologi.uio.no

Abstract
The aim was to identify genetic and environmental influences on the covariances
between subjective well-being (SWB), perceived health, and somatic illness.
Analyses were based on 6576 Norwegian twins aged 18-31. Heritabilities ranged
from .24 to.66. SWB correlated .50 with perceived health, -.25 with musculoskeletal
pain, and -.07 with allergy. Common genetic factors accounted for 45%-60% of
associations. SWB and perceived health was to a high extent influenced by the same
genes (r(g)=.72 and.82 for males and females, respectively). For SWB and
musculoskeletal pain, r-sub(g) =-.29 and -.42 for males and females, respectively.
Effects were partly sex specific. Environmental factors shared by twins did not affect
the covariances. Results support a differentiated view of SWB-health relations, and
imply that both genes and environment play important roles in the associations
between well-being and health.
PMID:
14674819
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE

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