Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PART C - EARTHWORKS
ITEM 100 CLEARING AND GRUBBING
* This item shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing
and disposing all vegetation and debris as designated in
the contract.
Tests:
None
ITEM 101 REMOVAL OF STRUCTURES AND
OBSTRUCTIONS
* This item shall consist of the removal wholly or in
part, and satisfactory disposal of all buildings, fences,
structures, old pavements abandoned pipelines, and any
other obstruction which are not designated or permitted
to remain.
Tests:
None
ITEM 102 EXCAVATION
* This item shall consist of roadway, drainage and
borrow excavation and the disposal of materials.
Tests:
Same as for Items 103, 104 and
105, whichever is applicable
ITEM 103 STRUCTURE EXCAVATION
* This item shall consist of the necessary excavation for
foundation of bridges, culverts, under-drains, and other
structures not otherwise provided in the specifications.
If the excavated materials are washed, the volume
involved shall be reported so that quality control
requirements may be adjusted accordingly (submit
Project Engineer Certificate of Waste).
If the excavated materials are incorporated into
the work:
Tests:
For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
For every 150 mm in uncompacted depth:
1 D, Field Density
ITEM 104 EMBANKMENT
* This item shall consist of the construction of
embankment.
Tests:
For every 1,500m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
A. SOIL AGGREGATE
Same as for Item 203
B. CEMENT
1 Q, Quality Test for every 2,000 bags or fraction
thereof
C. WATER
1 Q, Quality Test/Project Engineers Certificate
D. MIX
For every 300 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
1 UC, Unconfined Compaction Test
1 CBR, California Bearing Ratio
E. COMPACTED BASE COURSE
For every layer of 150 mm compacted depth:
1 D, Field Density Test for every 150 m or fraction
thereof
1 T, Thickness Determination for every 150 m or
fraction thereof
ITEM 205 ASPHALT STABILIZED ROAD MIX
BASE COURSE
* This item shall consist of a foundation for surface
course, composed of soil aggregate and asphaltic
material in proper proportions.
Amount of asphalt to be added:
4 7 mass of dry soil aggregate
Tests:
A.
SOIL AGGREGATE
Same as for Item 203
B.
EMULSIFIED ASPHALT
1 Q, Quality Test for every 40T of 200 drums or
fraction thereof
C. MIX
Same as for Item 203
C.
COMPACTED BASE COURSE
Same as for Item 203
ITEM 206 PORTLAND CEMENT STABILIZED
TREATED PLANT MIX BASE COURSE
* This item shall consist of a foundation for surface
course composed of aggregate Portland cement and
water in proper proportion.
Amount of cement to be added:
6 to 10 mass of dry soil aggregate
Tests:
A. SOIL AGGREGATE
Same as for Item 203
B. PORTLAND CEMENT
For every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test
C. MIX
Same as for Item 204
D. WATER
1 Q, Quality Test/Project Engineers Certificate
E. COMPACTED BASE COURSE
Quantity:
0.2 to 1.5 L/m2
Test:
1 Q, Quality Test for every 40T or 200 drums
B. COVER AGGREGATES
Quantity:
5 to 14 kg/m2
Test:
For every 75 m3/200 kg or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
ITEM
304
BITUMINOUS
SURFACE
TREATMENT
* This item shall consist of either a single application of
bituminous materials followed by a single spreading of
aggregate (single surface treatment) or two applications
bituminous material each followed.
A. AGGREGATES
Quantity:
13.6 to 38 kg/m2 if using cut back asphalt or
asphalt cement
13.6 to 19.04 kg/m2 if using emulsified asphalt
Tests:
For every 75 m3/200 kg or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
1 P, Plasticity Test (LL, PI)
For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Plasticity and
Abrasion)
For every 1,500m3 or fraction thereof:
1 F, Fractured Face
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
1.58 to 2.04 L/m2 if using cut back asphalt or
asphalt cement
1.58 to 2.04 L/m2 if using emulsified asphalt
ITEM 305 BITUMINOUS PENETRATION
MACADAM PAVEMENT
* This item shall consist of furnishing and placing one
or more aggregate
and one or more application of
bituminous material followed by a seal coat a with cover
aggregate constructed on a prepared base.
A. AGGREGATES
Quantity:
Using Asphalt Cement or Rapid Curing
Emulsified Asphalt
Course (crushed) 80 kg/m2
Key (crushed) 24 kg/m2
Cover (crushed or screened) 8 kg/m2
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
7.2 to 11 L/m2
Test:
Same as for Item 301
1 G. Grading Test
1 Ext, Stability Test
1 C, Laboratory Compaction Test
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
For every 100T or fraction thereof:
1 Q, Quality Test
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests (LL, PL,
PI)
F. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
For each full days operation:
D & T (Density & Thickness Test), at least one
(1) but not more than three (3) samples shall be taken
ITEM 308 BITUMINOUS PLANT MIX
SURFACE COURSE COLD LAID
* This item shall consist of constructing Bituminous
Surface Course (Asphalt Cold Mix) prepared in central
mixing plant, laid cold on a prepared base.
A. AGGREGATE
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
B. BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
Quantity:
Using cut back asphalt -- 4.5 to 7 mass % of
total dry aggregate
Using emulsified asphalt 6 to 10 mass % of
total dry aggregate
Tests:
1 Q, Quality Test for each 40T or 200 drums
fraction thereof
C. MIX
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
D. HYDRATED LIME
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
E. MINERAL FILLER
Tests:
For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G & P, Grading & Plasticity Tests (LL, PL,
PI)
F. COMPACTED PAVEMENT
Tests:
Same as for Item 307
ITEM 309 BITUMINOUS PLANT MIX
(STOCKPILE MAINTENANCE MIXTURE)
* This item shall consist of a bituminous stockpile
maintenance mixture composed of aggregate, mineral
Class C
0.59 m2/m3 of concrete
Class P
0.47 m2/m3 of concrete
0.53
0.44
Test:
For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
a.) For a source not yet tested or failed in previous
quality test:
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Elutriation wash, Bulk
Specific Gravity, Absorption, Mortar Strength,
Soundness, Organic Impurities, Unit Weight, % clay
lumps and % shale)
b.) For a source previously tested and passed quality test:
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Elutriation wash, Bulk
Specific Gravity, Absorption, Mortar Strength)
For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
C. COARSE AGGREGATES
Quantity:
ROUNDED
ANGULAR/CRUSHED
Class A
0.77
0.68 m2/m3 of concrete
Class B
0.82
0.73 m2/m3 of concrete
Class C
0.70
0.66 m2/m3 of concrete
Class P
0.56
0.65 m2/m3 of concrete
Test:
For every 1,500 m3 or fraction thereof:
a.) For a source not yet tested or failed in previous
quality test:
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity,
Absorption, Abrasion, Soundness and Unit Weight)
b.) For a source previously tested and passed quality test:
1 Q, Quality Test (Grading, Bulk Specific Gravity,
Absorption and Abrasion)
For every 75 m3 or fraction thereof:
1 G, Grading Test
D. WATER
Tests:
1 Certificate from Project Engineer or 1 Q, Quality
Test if source is questionable
E. PRE MOLDED FILLER FOR
EXPANSION JOINTS
Test:
1 Q, Quality Test on each thickness of filler for
each shipment
F. STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Test:
For every 10,000 kg or fraction thereof for each size:
TREATED
AND
UNTREATED
PIPE
CULVERTS
AND
FRAME
STORMDRAINS
* The steel frame clear openings of drainage grates
* This item shall consist of the construction or
shall be 15 mm larger than nominal sizes of industry
reconstruction of pipe culverts and storm drains.
standard sized pits.
A. PIPES
Test:
ITEM 504 CLEANING AND RECONDITIONING
1 Q, Quality Test for one (1) pipe for every 50
OF EXISTING DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
pieces (Strength, Absorption and Dimension)
* This item shall consist of cleaning and reconditioning
Alternative Requirements:
existing pipes and appurtenant structures.
1. Compressive Strength for one (1) set
Test:
consisting of three (3) concrete cylinder samples for not
Inspection Report
more than twenty five (25) pipe cast in the field
2. Inspection Report for each size for notITEM
more 505 RIPRAP AND GROUTED RIPRAP
than twenty five (25) pipes cast in the field
* This item shall consist of the furnishing and placing
B. MORTAR AND JOINT FILLER
riprap with or without grout as the case maybe, with or
Cement, fine aggregates and water:
without filter backing.
Test:
Test:
Same as for Item 405
Same as for Item 506
(Cement Aggregate ratio = 1:3)
ITEM 501 UNDERDRAINS
CONSTRUCTION
LIME
10
Test:
Same as for Item 404
B.WIRE ROPE
Test:
Same as for Item 406
ITEM 711 FENCE AND GUARDRAIL
A. FENCE
Test:
Same as for Item 604
B. GUARDRAIL
Test:
Same as for Item 603
ITEM 712 STRUCTURAL METAL
Test:
Same as for Items 403 and 406
ITEM 713
TIMBER
Test:
TREATED
AND
UNTREATED
11
MNIMUM TESTING
REQUIREMENTS
1. Cement
2. Asphaltic material
3. Aspahlt mix
4. Aggregates
a. coarse aggregate
b. fine aggregate
5. Soil aggregates
a. Classification
b. Routinary tests
c. MDR test and CBR
6. Non Reinforced Concrete Pipes
7. Reinforced Concrete Pipes
8.Steel pipe (galvanized)
9. Concrete hollow blocks (CHB)
a. strength
b. moisture content
10. Steel bar
11. Steel sheet (galvanized)
12. Wire strand
13. Gabion
14. Paints
15. Joint filler (pre molded)
16. Curing compound
17. Concrete cylinder
18. Concrete beam
19. Concrete core
20. Asphalt core
21. Water
a. Chemical analysis
b. Sediment load analysis
22. Structural steel/sheet
23. Hydrated lime
MINIMUM
QUANTITY/VOLUME OF
MATERIALS FOR EACH
SAMPLE SUBMITTED
10 kg
5L
20 kg
70 kg
50 kg
2 pipes
1 pipe (1 m length)
2 pcs Of 100 mm long taken from
both ends w/ thread
3 units
3 units
1m
3 pcs 60mm x 60mm
2m
1m x 2m
1 - 4L can
1 400mm x 400mm
1L
1 set (3 cylinders)
1 set (3 cylinders)
500 ml
500 ml
1 sample per 50T
1 sample per 100T
12
Minimum
cement
content per
cu. m
Maximum
water
cement ratio
kg (bags)
kg/kg
360 (9)
0.53
320 (8.5)
0.58
380 (9.5)
0.55
440 (11)
0.49
Seal
380 (9.5)
0.58
Consistency
range in
slump
Designated
size of coarse
aggregate
mm (inch)
square
opening
std. mm
50 -100 (2
4)
50 -100 (2
4)
50 -100 (2
4)
100 max ( 4
max)
100 200 (4
8)
37. 5 4.75
(1 - No. 4)
50.0 4.75 (2
- No. 4)
12. 5 4.75
( - No. 4)
19.0 4.75
(3/4 - No. 4)
25.0 4.75 (1
- No. 4)
Minimum
compressive
strength of
150mm x
300mm
concrete
cylinder @ 28
days
MN/m2 (psi)
20.7 (3000)
16.5 (2400)
20.7 (3000)
37. 7 (5000)
20.7 (3000)
Percent (%) of
contract price
allowed
100
80
70
60
50
0
Less than 5
5 to less than 10
10 to less than 15
15 to less than 20
20 to less than 25
25 or more
Percent (%) of
contract price
per lot
100
95
85
70
50
removed and replaced (no payment)
Type of test
Cement
Coarse aggregate
13
Abrasion
Unit weight
1
1
Fine aggregate
Grading
Specific gravity
Absorption
Unit weight
3
3
3
1
Grading
Liquid limit
Plastic limit
Compaction
CBR
Abrasion
3
3
3
7
1
Asphalt
Paint
Physical
Physical and chemical
4
4
Concrete cylinder
Compressive
Concrete beam
Flexural
Concrete core
Cutting of sample
LIMITATIONS/VARIATIONS
ITEM
104
ITEM
105
ITEM
200
1TEM
201
50% max
50% max
12% max
6% max
6% max
35% max
25% max
25%
max
20mm
10mm
+15mm,
-5mm
+20mm,
-30mm
+10mm,
-20mm
-5mm,
-10mm
+15mm,
-5mm
30mm
20mm
5mm
5mm
0.5%
0.3%
0.2%
+0.2%
Abrasion loss
Plastic index
Liquid limit
Permitted
variation from
design
THICKNESS
OF LAYER
Permitted
variation from
design LEVEL
OF SURFACE
Permitted
surface
irregularity
measured by 3m straight edge
Permitted
variation from
design cross fall
or camber
6%
max
30%
max
ITEM
202
45%
max
ITEM
203
ITEM
300
45% max
4% to
10%
4% to 9%
35% max
14
Permitted
variation from
design
longitudinal
grade over 25m
length
California
Bearing Ratio
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
25% min
80% min
+0.1%
80%
min
100%
80% min
DIMESION OF PILES
Length of pile
less than 12m
12m to 18m
more than 18m
Minimum
tip
200mm
180mm
150mm
REMOVAL OF FORMS
Scope of work
Centering under girders,
beams, frames or arches
Floors slabs
Walls
Columns
Sides of beams and all other
vertical surfaces
Minimum time
Minimum % of design
strength
14 days
80%
14 days
1 day
2 days
70%
70%
70%
1 day
70%
SIEVE SIZES
NO. 200
NO. 100
NO. 60
NO.50
NO. 40
NO. 30
0.075mm
0.150mm
0.300mm
0.250mm
0.425mm
0.600mm
NO. 20
NO. 16
NO. 12
NO. 10
NO. 8
NO. 4
0.840mm
1.180mm
1.700mm
2.000mm
2.360mm
4.750mm
DETAILS OF WELDS
Size of fillet weld
Maximum thickness of part
5mm
13mm
6mm
19mm
8mm
32mm
10mm
51mm
13mm
152mm
16mm
152mm and above
MINIMUM LAP FOR SPLICING
Tension
Compression
GRADE 40
24 times bar
20 times bar
GRADE 60
36 times bar
24 times bar
15
Sieve size
NO. 30
NO. 50
NO. 200
Mass % passing
100
95 100
70 - 100
Mass % passing
100
85 - 100
1
2
Weight
25 grams
50 grams
200 grams
300 grams
500 grams
1000 grams
16
1.
17
18
19
93. If sieve analysis and plasticity test are used for Soil
Classification, what test that its result be used in field
density test?
Answer: Compaction Test or Moisture
Density Relation Test
94. Heavy rains occur the night before prior to your
scheduled field density test, are you going to pursue your
schedule? Why?
Answer: No, because the moisture content is
high and can affect the result
95. Checking the gradation of composite aggregates and
asphalt content of asphalt mix can be done by what test?
Answer: Extraction Test
96. What is the device used in testing for liquid limit
test?
Answer: liquid limit device with grooving tool
97. What apparatus is used in plastic limit test?
Answer: glass plate
98. How long does a vibrator be inserted in a concrete
mix?
Answer: not to exceed 15 seconds at 50 60
cm interval
99. Along the slope of high embankment _____ is
provided as an erosion control measures and also to
improve the stability of the slope.
Answer: Berm
100. In soil and sub surface explorations for flood
control design of foundation condition, a soil sample
was taken for field and laboratory tests. The test required
for soil was taken, except
Answer: specific gravity, abrasion, water
content, Atterberg Limits, gradation, compaction,
relative density
101. Structure crossing above such covered underground
drainage conduit shall be laid at least _____ above the
top of the conduit.
Answer: 1.0 m, 0.5 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m
102. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 30 kgs to a
maximum of 70 kgs with at least 50% of the stones
weighing more than 50 kgs.
Answer: Class B
103. Class of stones for riprap ranging from 15 kgs to a
maximum of 25 kgs with at least 50% of the stones
weighing more than 20 kgs.
Answer: Class A
20
durability,
21
22
169. In place density determination of aggregate subbase course material shall be made in accordance with
Answer: AASHTO T 191
170. In some areas where the conventional base course
materials are scarce or non available, the use _____
allowable percent weathered limestone (anapog) blended
with crushed stones or gravel.
Answer: 40% (60% - crushed stones or
gravel)
171. Maximum size of aggregate for base course
material under grading B
Answer: 1 inch
172. Maximum required percent abrasion loss for Item
202
Answer: 45%
173. Maximum required mass percent shall have at least
one (1) fractured face of Item 202
Answer: 50%
174. Minimum required soaked CBR for Item 202
Answer: 80%
175. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 202 under
grading A
Answer: 1 inch
176. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 201 under
grading A
Answer: 2
177. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 202 under
grading B
Answer: 1 inch
178. This item consists of a foundation for surface
course composed of soil aggregate, lime, water in proper
proportion, road mixed and constructed on a prepared
subgrade/subbase.
Answer: Lime Stabilized Road Mix Base
Course (Item 203)
179. The required plasticity index for Item 203
Answer: 4% to 10%
180. Maximum required mass percent of wear for the
aggregate on Item 203
Answer: 50%
181. Maximum size of aggregate for Item 203 under
grading A and B
Answer: 2
23
24
Answer: 24 hours
217. The required slump of concrete using slip form
method of paving is _____
Answer: 1 inches
218. Deficiency in strength of concrete specimen
wherein no payment of contract price allowed is _____
Answer: 25% or more
219. What is the length of a lot of pavement when a
single traffic lane is poured?
Answer: 1,000 ln.m
220. What is the length of a lot of pavement when two
lanes lane are poured concurrently?
Answer: 500 ln. m
221. What is the required size of concrete beam sample?
Answer: 150 mm x 150 mm x 525 mm
222. What is the required number of set of concrete
beam specimens to be taken from each 330 sq. m of
pavement of fraction thereof placed each day?
Answer: 1 set
223. What is the required compressive strength that
concrete piles be moved?
Answer: 80% of the designed 28 day
compressive strength
224. The required circular pin diameter used to bend 10
20 mm reinforcing steel.
Answer: 6d (20 mm 25 mm = 8d: 28 mm
and above = 10d)
225. The mixing speed of the transit mixer during
batching.
Answer: 4 to 6 rpm
226. What is the slump of concrete Class A deposited in
water?
Answer: 10 to 20 cm
227. This item shall consist of preparing and treating an
aggregate base course preparatory to the construction of
a bituminous surface course.
Answer: Prime Coat
228. What item no. is Bituminous Surface Treatment?
Answer: Item 304
229. What is the required tolerance for bituminous
material in job mix formula for Item 310?
Answer: 0.4%
25
26
267. Two tests are done in one lot sample. The test
differs from each other, third test is taken. What will be
this test?
Answer: referee test
27
28
29
Answer:
GASOLINE for rapid curing type
KEROSENE for medium curing type
DIESEL for slow curing type
334. Emulsified asphalts are either _____ or _____.
Answer:
CATIONIC EMULSION works better with wet
aggregates and
in cold weather. It is a
positively charge electron.
ANIONIC EMULSION - adheres
better to aggregates which have positive charge. It is a
negatively charge electron.
335. What is the bituminous material used in Item 310?
Answer: asphalt cement
336. What greatly affects the service of asphalt cement?
Answer: grade and quantity of asphalt
337. What influences primarily the grade of asphalt
selected?
Answer: climatic condition
338. How many weeks do the producer of asphalt mix or
the contractor shall submit the job mix formula?
Answer: three (3) weeks
339. Who will approve the job mix formula?
Answer: DPWH PE and ME
340. The job mix formula contains provisions the
following:
Answer:
a. grading of aggregates
b. percentage and type of asphalt
c. temperature of aggregates and asphalt
d. temperature of mixture upon delivery or time of
compaction
341. When tar is used, what is the temperature that the
mixture shall be placed?
Answer: 66C to 107C
342. When is the right time to compact in order to attain
the required density?
Answer: when the mixture is still hot and
workable
343. What is to be done in order to determine the
number of passes that would attain the required density?
Answer: trial section
344. What needs to be controlled during the mixing and
compaction and is of great significance in the strength of
the resulting pavement?
30
Answer: temperature
345. In Item 310, how is rolling be done?
Answer: It should begin from the sides and
proceed longitudinally parallel towards the center
line, each trip overlapping one half the rollers width.
346. After the final rolling, what will be checked?
Answer: degree of compaction
347. The compacted pavement shall have a density equal
to or greater than _____
Answer: 95% of the laboratory compacted
density
348. When will the traffic be permitted to utilize the
pavement?
Answer: when the pavement has cooled to
atmospheric temperature
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Answer: dredging
525. The slope of batter piles
Answer: 1:6
526. Longitudinal gutter grades shall not be flatter than
____
Answer: 0.12%
527. Allowance for sediments or debris provided in
design
Answer: 20%
528. It is the digging of soil after the final marking of the
building outline has been established on the ground.
Answer: Minor excavation
529. It requires wide excavation of total extraction
bearing capacity.
Answer: footing
530. This shall be conducted for buildings three (3)
storey and above.
Answer: Boring test
531. The minimum depth of CHB wall footing of other
minor structure on the ground.
Answer: 700mm
532. The minimum depth of footing on a well compacted
fill.
Answer: 100mm
533. Typically a plain or reinforced concrete that is
usually provided to support a column.
Answer: Spread footing
534. Gabion dimensions are subject to tolerance limit of
_____ of the manufactured state.
Answer: 3%
535. A field density result of 88% degree of compaction
obtained on the subgrade indicates that
Answer: compaction of the subgrade fails
the compaction specs and needs additional
compaction
536. Liquid limit is usually
Answer: greater than plastic limit
537. The blue book requires that the base course be
compacted at least
Answer: 100% modified proctor
or
drainage,
38
Answer: colloids
547. Samples of aggregates for base course when tested
for quality the requirements
except grading. What will you recommend?
Answer: reprocess the materials by blending
548. Concrete curing refers to
Answer: procedure
concrete strength
done
to
maximize
39
Hydraulic
Construction
original wt.
584. Free bitumen on the surface of the pavement which
creates a shiny, glass like reflecting surface that
usually becomes quite sticky
Answer: bleeding
585. Occurring usually at the transverse cracks joint
caused by excessive expansion of the slabs during hot
weather
Answer: buckling
586. The splitting of concrete surface material from the
concrete pavement
Answer: crushing
587. The authorized hauling of materials in excess of the
of the free haul distance
Answer: Overhaul
588. If slurry (wet) lime is employed, what is the typical
slurry ratio?
Answer: 1 tonne lime : 2 cubic meter of
water
589. What is the amount of cement to be added to the
soil aggregates in Item 204?
Answer: 6 10 mass % of the dry soil
590. Who is the father of Soil Mechanics?
Answer: Dr. Karl Terzhagi
591. What is quality?
Answer: It the degree of excellence
592. What is control?
Answer: Is to regulate
593. What is quality control?
Answer: It is conformance to requirements
Method
594. What is assurance?
40
Answer: Type IV
607. What type of cement is the High Sulphate Resistant
Portland Cement?
Answer: Type V
608. What type of cement is the Portland Blast Furnace
Slag Cement?
Answer: Type 1S
609. What type of cement is the Portland Pozzolan
Cement?
Answer: Type 1P
610. Type I is for general use such as
Answer: pavements & sidewalks, buildings
& bridges and tanks & water pipes
611. Type III cement is used for
Answer: early stripping of forms & high
early strength
612. Type IV is used for
Answer: massive structures such as dams
613. Type V cement is used for
Answer: when sulphate
groundwater is very high
content
of
41
Answer: hydration
42
Answer: 4 hours
648. A sample may be cooled at room humidity and must
be weighed after it has been removed from the oven
within
Answer: 1 hour
649. Drying the material sample in the oven to constant
weight at a prescribe temperature; the drying time
depends on the kind of soil and size of sample. A 25gram sample of sandy material will be dried in about
Answer: 2 hours
650. Test conducted for buildings 3 storeys and above
Answer: Boring Test
651. A test to determine the moisture content of soil
Answer: calcium tri chloride
652. The aggregate crushing value of strong aggregate is
Answer: low
653. The kind of asphalt used in overlaying seated
pavement
Answer: hot mix asphalt
654. The minimum width of paved sidewalk
Answer: 1.5 m
655. The limit of water cement ratio of concrete
Answer: 0.50 0.60
656. A cement which has a cementitious effect
Answer: Portland cement
657. A concrete where compression is induced before the
application of working load so that tension under these
loads is reduced
Answer: Pre stressing
658. What laboratory test is used in determining the
phosphorus content of steel materials?
Answer: Phospho - molydate
659. What chemical property in the composition of steel
material that will cause brittleness or cold shortness
when its content goes beyond 0.05% to 0.10%
Answer: phosphorous
660. Base or sub base is extended beyond each edge of
proposed concrete pavement
Answer: 0.60 m
Answer:
10 mm slump = 2 kg/m3 from (water)
air entrapment = 3 kg/ m 3 of average
(water)
662. In non entrained concrete, what is the range of %
air entrained?
Answer: 3% - 0.2% (small bigger aggregates)
663. In air entrained concrete, what is the range of %
air entrained?
Answer: 8% - 3% (small bigger aggregates)
664. For a constant water cement ratio, what will
happen if air content is involved?
Answer: the strength of concrete is reduced
665. What will happen if you lower the water cement
ratio and maintaining other values of its ingredients?
Answer: it will acquire strength
666. What is the mixing time of concrete?
Answer:
1.5 m3 capacity mixer, T 60 seconds
Above1.5 m3 capacity mixer, T 90 seconds
667. When cement is in contact with moist aggregates,
batch made by mix will be disallowed beyond ____
Answer: 1 hours
668. How many hours should an aggregate be washed
and stockpiled before batching starts?
Answer: 12 hours prior to batching shall be
stockpiled or binned for draining
669. When will truck mixing start?
Answer: mixing shall begin within 30 minutes upon
cement has due added
15 minutes when wet aggregates is used, as
32C temperature is present
670. Concrete delivered by agitation of truck mixer must
be discharged within 1 hour or 250 revolutions of the
drum or loader. Why?
Answer: to avoid over mixing and initial
setting of concrete
671. In final computation of concrete in road to be paid,
what is the maximum size of pipe that is negligible in
the volume computation?
Answer: pipes with of 4 or less
661. If you want to adjust the slump and the air content,
how do you it?
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