Program

MBA

Semester

III

Subject Code

MB0050

Subject Name

Research Methodology

Unit Number

Unit Title

Univariate and Bivariate Analysis

Lecture Number :

Lecture Title

Univariate and Bivariate Analysis

Book Id

B1700

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Univariate and Bivariate

Analysis of Data
Objectives :

Distinguish between univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis.

Differentiate between descriptive and inferential analysis.

Discuss the type of descriptive univariate analysis to be carried on

nominal ordinal, interval and ratio scale data.

Explain the descriptive analysis of bivariate data..

In this unit, we will concentrate on the descriptive analysis of

univariate and bivariate data.

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Lecture Outline
Introduction

Descriptive vs Inferential
Descriptive Analysis of Univariate Data
Descriptive Analysis of Bivariate Data

Summary
Check Your Learning
Activity

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Introduction

In a typical research study there may be a large number of

variables that the researcher needs to analyze. The analysis could
be univariate, bivariate and multivariate in nature.

In the univariate analysis, one variable is analysed at a time.

In bivariate analysis, two variables are analysed together and

examined for any possible association between them.

In multivariate analysis, the concern is to analyse more than two

variables at a time.

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Descriptive vs Inferential Analysis

In the descriptive analysis, we describe the sample whereas the

inferential analysis deals with generalizing the results as obtained
from the sample.

Descriptive Analysis:
Descriptive analysis refers to transformation of raw data into a form that will facilitate
easy understanding and interpretation.
Descriptive analysis deals with summary measures relating to the sample data

The type of descriptive analysis to be carried out depends on the measurement of

variables into four formsnominal, ordinal, interval and ratio.

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Descriptive Analysis for Various

Levels of Measurement

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Inferential Analysis

Under inferential statistics, inferences are drawn on population

parameters based on sample results.

The analysis is based on probability theory and a necessary

condition for carrying out inferential analysis is that the sample
should be drawn at random.

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Descriptive Analysis of Univariate

Data

The first step under univariate analysis is the preparation of

frequency distributions of each variable.

The frequency distribution is the counting of, responses or

observations for each of the categories or codes assigned to a
variable

Analysis of Nominal Scale Data with only One Possible Response :

Example: Gender of respondents in a survey research.

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Descriptive Analysis of Univariate

Data

Table below shows both the raw frequency and the percentages
of responses for each category in case of the variable gender in a
sample of 414 respondents.
Gender of the respondents

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Descriptive Analysis of Univariate

Data

Analysis of Nominal Scale Data with Multiple Category

Responses:

- If the question in the research study is multiple category question and the
responds are allowed to tick more than one choice, the percentage in such a case
may not add up to 100.
-The coding for the variable applications has been in binary form where values one
and zero are assigned. If the respondent uses a particular application, the value
assigned is 1, otherwise 0.

Analysis of Ordinal Scaled Questions:

-There could always be some ordinal-scaled questions in the questionnaire. The question before
the researcher is how to tabulate and interpret the responses to such questions. The ordinal scale
data can be used for preparing a summarized rank order.

Measures of Central tendency:

- There are three measures of central tendency that are used in
median and mode.

researchmean,

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Descriptive Analysis of Bivariate

Data

Cross-tabulation:

A cross-tabulation counts the number of observations in each cross-category of

two variables.

Correlation coefficient:

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Summary

Data

analysis

could

be

univariate,

bivariate

and

multivariate.

Further, it could be descriptive or inferential.

The type of analysis depends upon the level of measurement i.e.

nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio.

The bivariate analysis of data is illustrated through cross-table and

correlation coefficient.

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Terminal Questions
1. Differentiate between descriptive and inferential analysis of data.
Ans: Descriptive analysis refers to transformation of raw data into a
form that will facilitate easy understanding and interpretation. Under
inferential analysis, inferences are drawn on population parameter

based on sample results.

2. What are the various measures of central tendency?

Ans: There are three measures of central tendency that are used in
research mean, median and mode.

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Unit-9 Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Data

Activity

Visit an organization and select a sample each of 15 male and

female employees. Collect data on their salaries, number of years
of experience and the number of years of education. Carry out a

univariate analysis and compare the

distributions

of these

variables across gender.

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