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Q.1 We had a detailed workshop session recently. The emphasis was on turning
operations on the lathe and milling machines. Please give a pointwise account of
what you learnt during this session, giving your answers separately for the lathe
and for milling machines. Also describe the various parts of the two machines.
Lathe machine is very useful in the industry, it works perfectly for machining
objects with very specific length, diameter and shape, in that demonstration I
learned the importance of lathe machine, and the complex of its use, you need to
have a lot of experience to manage lathe correctly, and the most important lesson
learned the las class is the security in every manufacturing process, you always
have to be aware of what youre doing, the lathe machine works in two axis
BED
The bed of the lathe provides the foundation for the whole machine and holds the
headstock, tailstock and carriage in alignment. The surfaces of the bed that are
finely machined - and upon which the carriage and tailstock slide - are known as
"ways".
HEADSTOCK.
The lathe Headstock used, at one time, to be called the "Fixed Headstock" or
"Fixed Head", and the rotating shaft within it the "Mandrel". Today the mandrel is
usually called the "Spindle", but this can cause confusion with the tailstock, where
the sliding bar is known variously as the "ram", "barrel" - and "spindle".
Chuk
The rotational part of the lathe, it makes revolutions according the position of
levers, that you accommodate according the material.
Milling machine, its another machine that you can use for machining objects made
of different materials, its application its more useful in the industry because
nowadays you can program the piece that you want to get, it is also more complex
than the lathe machine because in the milling machine you work with tree axis, its
also fundamental to be aware of the risks. The cutting tool is cylindrical with sharp
These could be
Foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into
shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal in a mold, and
removing the mold material or casting after the metal has solidified as it
cools. The most common metals processed are aluminum and cast iron
However, other metals, such as bronze, brass, steel, magnesium, and zinc,
are also used to produce castings in foundries. In this process, parts of
desired shapes and sizes can be formed
Q.3 (b) Explain the milling process and how does it basically differ from turning.
Comment also upon the differences in the types of cutters used in both operations.
It differs in the number of cutting points what each one of it has, in the turning you
can shape bigger materials, and it works in two axis, and in the milling you have
tree axis, the lathe machine is single point cutting and the milling machine is multi
point cutting.
Grinding
Honing
Lapping
Ultrasonic machining
Milling
Drilling
Sawing
Turning
Tapering is a process in which you make the material thinner according to the
order, its a process that you need to do very carefully, trying to keep the material,
the mediations in this one are mm
Chamfering is a process in which you give angles to the material, its also a very
slow process. And it made in the edge of the material.
Q.5 Describe the machining processes carried out on the planer and shaper machines.
List out the differences between the two operations and the nature of jobs to be machined
on each of these two machines