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Martn Galvn Esquivel A01261348

Q.1 We had a detailed workshop session recently. The emphasis was on turning
operations on the lathe and milling machines. Please give a pointwise account of
what you learnt during this session, giving your answers separately for the lathe
and for milling machines. Also describe the various parts of the two machines.
Lathe machine is very useful in the industry, it works perfectly for machining
objects with very specific length, diameter and shape, in that demonstration I
learned the importance of lathe machine, and the complex of its use, you need to
have a lot of experience to manage lathe correctly, and the most important lesson
learned the las class is the security in every manufacturing process, you always
have to be aware of what youre doing, the lathe machine works in two axis
BED
The bed of the lathe provides the foundation for the whole machine and holds the
headstock, tailstock and carriage in alignment. The surfaces of the bed that are
finely machined - and upon which the carriage and tailstock slide - are known as
"ways".

HEADSTOCK.
The lathe Headstock used, at one time, to be called the "Fixed Headstock" or
"Fixed Head", and the rotating shaft within it the "Mandrel". Today the mandrel is
usually called the "Spindle", but this can cause confusion with the tailstock, where
the sliding bar is known variously as the "ram", "barrel" - and "spindle".
Chuk
The rotational part of the lathe, it makes revolutions according the position of
levers, that you accommodate according the material.
Milling machine, its another machine that you can use for machining objects made
of different materials, its application its more useful in the industry because
nowadays you can program the piece that you want to get, it is also more complex
than the lathe machine because in the milling machine you work with tree axis, its
also fundamental to be aware of the risks. The cutting tool is cylindrical with sharp

Martn Galvn Esquivel A01261348


teeth around its perimeter and rotates at high speeds. In milling, the work piece is
fed into the rotating tool along different paths and depths to create a variety of
features.
Over arm Its the one that gives the movement
Head Gives motion in 3 axis
Motor Provides rotational movement
Hard wheel vertical
Q.2 There can be different approaches to manufacturing.

These could be

manufacture to stock, manufacture to order and make to assembly. Discuss in


detail each one of them along with a comparison of the advantages and
disadvantages when using each of them
Manufacturing in stock, is called that way because you have all the material that
you need, without working, this approaching has the advantage that you will never
be out of material and raw resources, but it also means a loss of money because
all the resources that are not working
Manufacture to order, this approaching guarantees the production, and helps to
evaluate the resources that you will be needing, but the disadvantage is the time
that it will take to complete the order, and if you get a bigger order you could be out
of resources wich means also loss of money
Make to assembly this approaching is about calculating approximately how many
material you will need but the industry is always changing which means you can
get your calculations wrong and that will be loss of money, this can be defined as
the combination of the other two.
Q.3 (a) Manufacturing processes can be broadly classified into five different
categories. Write down each of these categories separately and discuss in detail
any two of them.

Machining Processes and Machine Tools.

Martn Galvn Esquivel A01261348

Metal Forming / Shaping Processes.


Forming, or metal forming, is the metalworking process of fashioning metal
parts and objects through mechanical deformation; the workpiece is
reshaped without adding or removing material, and its mass remains
unchanged.[1] Forming operates on the materials science principle of plastic
deformation, where the physical shape of a material is permanently
deformed.

Processes & Technologies for joining components.

Surface (Treatment) Technologies Processes.

Metal Foundry Processes.

Foundry is a factory that produces metal castings. Metals are cast into
shapes by melting them into a liquid, pouring the metal in a mold, and
removing the mold material or casting after the metal has solidified as it
cools. The most common metals processed are aluminum and cast iron
However, other metals, such as bronze, brass, steel, magnesium, and zinc,
are also used to produce castings in foundries. In this process, parts of
desired shapes and sizes can be formed

Q.3 (b) Explain the milling process and how does it basically differ from turning.
Comment also upon the differences in the types of cutters used in both operations.
It differs in the number of cutting points what each one of it has, in the turning you
can shape bigger materials, and it works in two axis, and in the milling you have
tree axis, the lathe machine is single point cutting and the milling machine is multi
point cutting.

Martn Galvn Esquivel A01261348


Q.4 turning on a lathe is an important metal removal (machining) process. What
are different processes involved during the turning operation. List at least ten
types. Discuss also the difference between tapering and chamfering operations on
the lathe machine.

Grinding

Honing

Lapping

Ultrasonic machining

Abrasive jet machining

Milling

Drilling

Sawing

Planing and shaping

Turning

Tapering is a process in which you make the material thinner according to the
order, its a process that you need to do very carefully, trying to keep the material,
the mediations in this one are mm
Chamfering is a process in which you give angles to the material, its also a very
slow process. And it made in the edge of the material.
Q.5 Describe the machining processes carried out on the planer and shaper machines.
List out the differences between the two operations and the nature of jobs to be machined
on each of these two machines

Martn Galvn Esquivel A01261348


In the planer the machine is the one that moves and is used for bigger cuts, and in
the shaper the piece is the one that moves and it is for removing small pieces of
metal and giving shape to the pieces, the first one is for bigger pieces, the second
one for smaller and more exactly

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