FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

Category: Core (C)

Mode of Delivery: Lecture 3 Hrs/Week; Tutorial 1 Hrs/Week
Total hours: 60
Credit: 4
COURSE OUTCOMES
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Calculate the properties of fluids.
2. Apply the principles of kinematics and dynamics of fluid.
3. Determine flow rates and head losses in viscous and turbulent flows.
4. Evaluate the performance of hydraulic machinery such as pumps and turbines
UNIT I

FLUID PROPERTIES AND STATICS

9+3

Fundamental Units and Dimensions, Properties-mass density, specific weight, specific gravity, specific volume, surface
tension, capillarity and compressibility- Problems, Viscosity- Newtons law of viscosity and dynamic viscosity,
kinematic viscosity - Problems, types of Fluids, concept of Continuum, Statics - Pressure, Pressure head, Pascal's
law- Problems, Simple and differential manometers- Problems, Centre of pressure and total pressure- Problems,
buoyancy- Problems.
UNIT II

KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS IN FLUID FLOW

9+3

Types of Fluid flow-Steady, unsteady, uniform, non-uniform, Laminar, turbulent, rotational, ir-rotational, compressible,
incompressible, 1D, 2D and 3D flows, application of control volume to continuity equation, Kinematics-Lagrangian and
Eularian approach Stream lines, path lines and streak lines, Dynamics-Euler's equation (Bernoulli's equation)applications-Venturimeter Orificemeter and pitot tube - Problems, Velocity and Acceleration of fluid flow, Newton's
second law of motion - momentum equation for a fluid- Problems, Moment of momentum equation, Boundary layer
Theory.
UNIT III

FLOW THROUGH PIPES AND DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

9+3

Hagen Poiseulle's formulae- Problems in Viscous flow through pipes, Major Head losses in pipes - Darcy Weisbach's
equation, Chezy's equation- Problems, Minor losses in Pipe bent, entry, exit, sudden enlargement, sudden contraction
Problems, Flow through Pipes - series pipe, Equivalent pipe, Parallel pipe, Branch pipe, Hydraulic Gradient line and
total energy line, Dimensional Homogeinity and Buckingham's Theorem Problems, Dimensionless numbers, Model
analysis, Similarities.
UNIT IV

HYDRAULIC TURBINES

9+3

Impact of jets - Stationary vertical plates, Stationary curved plates, Moving vertical Plate, Moving curved plate
Problems, Turbines - working principles, classification, Draft tube, heads and efficiency, specific speed, unit quantities,
Velocity triangle- impulse and reaction turbines, Work done and Power delivered by the turbine- Performance of
turbines.
UNIT V

HYDRAULIC PUMPS

9+3

Centrifugal pumps - working principle and types, specific speed, unit quantities, heads and efficiency, Priming,
Cavitation, Performance curves, Net Positive Suction Head, Reciprocating pump and rotary pump working, types,
Performance of positive displacement pumps
TEXTBOOKS
1. Bansal, R.K., Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics Machines, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Yunus Cengel, John Cimbalal Fluid Mechanics- Fundamentals and Applications, Tata McGraw-Hill Education,
2013.
REFERENCES
1. Rajput, R.K., A text book of Fluid Mechanics , S.Chand and Co.,New Delhi - 2007
2. S. K.. Som, G.. Biswas Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machines, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008
3. Ramamritham. S, Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics and Fluid Machines, Dhanpat Rai & Sons, Delhi, 1988.
4. Fox, Robert, W. and Macdonald, Alan,T., Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, 1995
5. Kumar, K.L., Engineering Fluid Mechanics, Eurasia Publishing House (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 1995.