Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1. NUMBERS
IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE
1. Numeral : In Hindu Arabic system, we use ten symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 called
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Ten
Thousands Hundreds Tens(101) Units(100)
Crores(107) Ten Lacs Lacs(105) Ten
Crores
(Millions)
Thousands (103)
(102)
8
6
4
(10 )
(10 )
(10 )
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We read it as : 'Sixty-eight crores, ninety-seven lacs, forty-five thousand, one hundred and
thirty-two'.
II 2. Place Value or Local Value of a Digit in a Numeral :
In the above numeral :
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III3.Face Value: The face value of a digit in a numeral is the value of the digit itself at
whwhatever place it may be. In the above numeral, the face value of 2 is 2; the face value of 3
isais 3 and so on.
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IV4.Types of Numbers:
I.
numbers.
II.
Whole Numbers: All counting numbers together with zero form the set of whole
numbers. Thus, (i) 0 is the only whole number which is not a natural number.
(ii) Every natural number is a whole number.
III.
Integers : All natural numbers, 0 and negatives of counting numbers i.e.,
{, - 3 , - 2 , - 1 , 0, 1, 2, 3,..} together form the set of integers.
(i) Positive Integers : {1, 2, 3, 4, ..} is the set of all positive integers.
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Prime numbers Greater than 100 : Let p be a given number greater than 100. To find out
whether it is prime or not, we use the following method :
Find a whole number nearly greater than the square root of p. Let k > *jp. Test whether p
is divisible by any prime number less than k. If yes, then p is not prime. Otherwise, p is
prime.e.g. We have to find whether 191 is a prime number or not. Now, 14 > V191.
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Note :
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VII.Composite Numbers : Numbers greater than 1 which are not prime, are known as
composite numbers, e.g., 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12.
(i) 1 is neither prime nor composite.
(ii) 2 is the only even number which is prime.
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3. Divisibility By 4: A number is divisible by 4, if the number formed by the last two digits is
divisible by 4.
Ex. 892648 is divisible by 4, since the number formed by the last two digits is 48, which is
divisible by 4. But, 749282 is not divisible by 4, since the number formed by the last tv/o digits is
82, which is not divisible by 4.
4. Divisibility By 5: A number is divisible by 5, if its unit's digit is either 0 or 5. Thus, 20820 and
50345 are divisible by 5, while 30934 and 40946 are not.
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Ex. The number 35256 is clearly divisible by 2.Sum of its digits = (3 + 5 + 2 + 5 + 6) = 21, which
is divisible by 3. Thus, 35256 is divisible by 2 as well as 3. Hence, 35256 is divisible by 6.
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6. Divisibility By 8 : A number is divisible by 8, if the number formed by the last Three digits of
the given number is divisible by 8.
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Ex. 953360 is divisible by 8, since the number formed by last three digits is 360, which is
divisible by 8. But, 529418 is not divisible by 8, since the number formed by last three digits is
418, which is not divisible by 8.
7. Divisibility By 9 : A number is divisible by 9, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9.
Ex. 60732 is divisible by 9, since sum of digits * (6 + 0 + 7 + 3 + 2) = 18, which is divisible by 9.
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But, 68956 is not divisible by 9, since sum of digits = (6 + 8 + 9 + 5 + 6) = 34, which is not
divisible by 9.
8. Divisibility By 10 : A number is divisible by 10, if it ends with 0.
Ex. 96410, 10480 are divisible by 10, while 96375 is not.
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9. Divisibility By 11 : A number is divisible by 11, if the difference of the sum of its digits at
odd places and the sum of its digits at even places, is either 0 or a number divisible by 11.
Ex. The number 4832718 is divisible by 11, since :(sum of digits at odd places) - (sum of digits at
even places)
(8 + 7 + 3 + 4) - (1 + 2 + 8) = 11, which is divisible by 11.
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Note : If a number is divisible by p as well as q, where p and q are co-primes, then the given
number is divisible by pq. If p and q are not co-primes, then the given number need not be
divisible by pq, even when it is divisible by both p and q.
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Ex. 36 is divisible by both 4 and 6, but it is not divisible by (4x6) = 24, since 4 and 6 are not coprimes.
6 MULTIPLICATION BY SHORT CUT METHODS:
1. Multiplication By Distributive Law :
(i) a * (b + c) = a * b + a * c (ii) a*(b-c) = a * b-a * c.
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2. Multiplication of a Number By 5n : Put n zeros to the right of the multiplicand and divide the
number so formed by 2n
Ex. 975436 x 625 = 975436 x 54
= 9754360000
= 609647600
2. (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab
5. (a2 - b2) = (a + b) (a - b)
6. (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)
7. (a3 + b3) = (a +b) (a2 - ab + b2)
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9. PROGRESSION
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A succession of numbers formed and arranged in a definite order according to certain definite
rule, is called a progression.
1. Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) : If each term of a progression differs from its preceding term
by a constant, then such a progression is called an arithmetical progression. This constant
difference is called the common difference of the A.P.
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An A.P. with first term a and common difference d is given by a, (a + d), (a + 2d),(a + 3d),.....
The nth term of this A.P. is given by Tn =a (n - 1) d. The sum of n terms of this A.P.
Sn = n/2 [2a + (n - 1) d] = n/2 (first term + last term).
SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS :
(i) (1 + 2 + 3 +. + n) =n(n+1)/2
(ii) (l2 + 22 + 32 + ... + n2) = n (n+1)(2n+1)/6
(iii) (13 + 23 + 33 + ... + n3) =n2(n+1)2
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2.DECIMAL FRACTIONS
IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE
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I. Decimal Fractions : Fractions in which denominators are powers of 10 are known as decimal
fractions. Thus ,1/10=1 tenth=.1;
9/100=99 hundreths=.99;
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7/1000=7 thousandths=.007,etc
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II. Conversion of a Decimal Into Vulgar Fraction : Put 1 in the denominator under the
decimal point and annex with it as many zeros as is the number of digits after the decimal point.
Now, remove the decimal point and reduce the fraction to its lowest terms.
Thus, 0.25=25/100=1/4;2.008=2008/1000=251/125.
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III. 1. Annexing zeros to the extreme right of a decimal fraction does not change its value
Thus, 0.8 = 0.80 = 0.800, etc.
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0.365/0.584 = 365/584=5
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5. Dividing a Decimal Fraction By a Decimal Fraction : Multiply both the dividend and
the divisor by a suitable power of 10 to make divisor a whole number. Now, proceed as above.
Thus, 0.00066/0.11 = (0.00066*100)/(0.11*100) = (0.066/11) = 0.006V
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Converting a Pure Recurring Decimal Into Vulgar Fraction : Write the repeated figures only
once in the numerator and take as many nines in the denominator as is the number of repeating
figures. thus ,0.5 = 5/9; 0.53 = 53/59 ;0.067 = 67/999;etc...
Mixed Recurring Decimal: A decimal fraction in which some figures do not repeat and some of
them are repeated, is called a mixed recurring decimal. e.g., 0.17333= 0.173.
Converting a Mixed Recurring Decimal Into Vulgar Fraction : In the numerator, take the
difference between the number formed by all the digits after decimal point (taking repeated digits
only once) and that formed by the digits which are not repeated, In the denominator, take the
number formed by as many nines as there are repeating digits followed by as many zeros as is the
number of non-repeating digits.
Thus 0.16 = (16-1) / 90 = 15/19 = 1/6;
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SOLVED EXAMPLES
Ex. 1. Simplify : (i) 8888 + 888 + 88 + 8
(ii) 11992 - 7823 - 456
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Sol. i ) 8888
888
88
+
8
9872
(RRB 2000)
Ex. 2, What value will replace the question mark in each of the following equations ?
(i) ? - 1936248 = 1635773
(ii) 8597 - ? = 7429 - 4358
(BANK 1998)
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2
P
R
Q
1
9
7
8
4
(GATE 1998)
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1
5
3
2
11
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(CTS 1998)
(INFOSYS)
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Ex.9. Arrange the fractions 5/8, 7/12, 13/16, 16/29 and 3/4 in ascending order of magnitude.
(CAT 1999)
Sol. Converting each of the given fractions into decimal form, we get :
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Now, 0.5517<0.5833<0.625<0.75<0.8125
16/29 < 7/12 < 5/8 < 3/4 < 13/16
Ex.10. arrange the fractions 3/5, 4/7, 8/9, and 9/11 in their descending order.(BANK 2000)
Sol. Clearly, 3/5 = 0.6, 4/7 = 0.571, 8/9 = 0.88, 9/11= 0.818.
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5.064
3.98
0.7036
7.6
0.3
2.0___
19.6476
Ex. 12. Evaluate : 13 5.1967
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Sol.
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(RRB 1998)
(ACCENTURE 2004)
Sol. 13.0000
_5.1967
7.8033
Ex. 13. What value will replace the question mark in the following equations ?
5172.49 + 378.352 + ? = 9318.678
(GATE 2005)
Sol. Let 5172.49 + 378.352 + x = 9318.6
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(GATE 1997)
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Ex. 15. Find the product: (i) 2.61 * 1.3 (ii) 2.1693 * 1.4
Sol.
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EXERCISE PROBLEMS:
Ex. 1. Which of the following are prime numbers ? (i) 241
(ii) 337
(iii) 391
(CAT 1998)
A)241,337
B)337,391
A) 0
B)2
C)4
D)20
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Sol. (i)Clearly, 16 > 241. Prime numbers less than 16 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13. 241 is not
divisible by any one of them. 241 is a prime number.
(ii)Clearly, 19>337. Prime numbers less than 19 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and 17. 337 is not
divisible by any one of them.
337 is a prime number.
(iii)Clearly, 20 > 39l". Prime numbers less than 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19.
We find that 391 is divisible by 17. 391 is not prime.
(TCS 2000)
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D)15
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A)30 B)40
Sol. (4)11x (7)5 x (11)2 = (2 x 2)11 x (7)5 x (11)2 = 211 x 211 x75x 112 = 222 x 75 x112
Total number of prime factors = (22 + 5 + 2) = 29.
Ex.4. Simplify : (i) 896 x 896 - 204 x 204
A)761000,251000
B)761200,251001
Sol. (i) Given exp = (896)2 - (204)2 = (896 + 204) (896 - 204) = 1100 x 692 = 761200.
(ii) Given exp = (387)2+ (114)2+ (2 x 387x 114)
= a2 + b2 + 2ab, where a = 387,b=114
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B)only (ii)
C)only (i)
(ii) 5967013
(RRB 2004)
D)none
B)61
C)71
D)91
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A)31
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Sol.
(i) Sum of digits in 541326 = (5 + 4 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 6) = 21, which is divisible by 3.Hence, 541326
is divisible by 3.
(ii) Sum of digits in 5967013 =(5+9 + 6 + 7 + 0+1 +3) = 31, which is not divisible by 3.
Hence, 5967013 is not divisible by 3.
D)75000
10 4 112 x 104
1120000
=
=
= 70000
4
2
2
16
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c)70000
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A)67000
(CAT 2003)
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B)only (ii)
C)only (i)
D)none
(ii) 618703572
(SBI PO 2000)
Sol. (i) The number formed by the last two digits in the given number is 94, which is not
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Ex. 10. Which digits should come in place of * and $ if the number 62684*$ is divisible by
both 8 and 5?
(TECH MAHINDRA 2005)
A)4,0
B)0,4
C)4,4
D)0,0
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Sol. Since the given number is divisible by 5, so 0 or 5 must come in place of $. But, a number
ending with 5 is never divisible by 8. So, 0 will replace $. Now, the number formed by the last
three digits is 4*0, which becomes divisible by 8, if * is replaced by 4. Hence, digits in place of *
and $ are 4 and 0 respectively.
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Ex.12. what least number must be added to 3000 to obtain a number exactly divisible by
19?
A) 5 B) 3 C) 2 D) 0
(CTS 2004)
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B)100011
C)100111
D)100110
Sol. Smallest number of 6 digits is 100000.On dividing 100000 by 111, we get 100 as remainder.
Number to be added = (111 - 100) - 11. Hence, required number = 100011.
Ex. 15. On dividing 15968 by a certain number, the quotient is 89 and the remainder is 37.
Find the divisor.
(SBI PO 97)
A)180
B)179
C)184
D)25
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Sol.
Ex. 16. A number when divided by 342 gives a remainder 47. When the same number is
divided by 19, what would be the remainder?
(INFOSYS 2000)
B) 9
C) 4
D) 0
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A) 5
C)3
D)7
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A)4
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Sol. On dividing the given number by 342, let k be the quotient and 47 as remainder.
Then, number 342k + 47 = (19 x 18k + 19 x 2 + 9) = 19 (18k + 2) + 9.
The given number when divided by 19, gives (18k + 2) as quotient and 9 as remainder.
(VIRTUSA 2006)
Sol. 210 = 1024. Unit digit of 210 x 210 x 210 is 4 [as 4 x 4 x 4 gives unit digit 4].
Unit digit of 231 is 8. Now, 8 when divided by 5, gives 3 as remainder.
Hence, 231 when divided by 5, gives 3 as remainder.
B)2500
C)2800
(BANK PO 2008)
D)3000
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A)2000
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Sol. The given numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, ..., 99. This is an A.P. with a = 1 and d = 2.
Let it contain n terms. Then, 1 + (n - 1) x 2 = 99 or n = 50.
Required sum = n (first term + last term)
2
= 50 (1 + 99) = 2500.
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Ex.19. Find the sum of all 2 digit numbers divisible by 3.
A)1700
B)1665
C)1600
(CAT 2005)
D)1605
Sol. All 2 digit numbers divisible by 3 are: 12, 51, 18, 21... 99. This is an A.P. with a = 12 and
d = 3. Let it contain n terms. Then,12 + (n - 1) x 3 = 99 or n = 30.
Required sum = 30 x (12+99) = 1665.
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Ex.20. It is being given that (232 + 1) is completely divisible by a whole number. Which of
the following numbers is completely divisible by this number?(ACCENTURE 98)
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A)(216+1)
B)(216-1)
C)(7*223)
D)(296+1)
Sol: Let 232 = x. Then, (232 + 1) = (x + 1). Let (x + 1) be completely divisible by the natural
number N. Then, (296 + 1) = [(232)3 + 1] = (x3 + 1) = (x + 1)(x2 - x + 1), which is completely
divisible by N, since (x + 1) is divisible by N.
Ex:21. How many prime numbers are less than 50 ?
B)15
C)14
D)18
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A)16
Their number is 15
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Sol: Prime numbers less than 50 are: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47
C)9064
D)9184
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A)9152
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C) 1375
D) 1200
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Sol: 3251
+ 587
+ 369
4207
B) 1300
Ex.24. If the product 4864 x 9 P 2 is divisible by 12, then the value of P is:
A) 2
B) 5
C) 6
D) none
Sol: Clearly, 4864 is divisible by 4. So, 9P2 must be divisible by 3. So, (9 + P + 2) must be
divisible by 3.
P = 1.
Ex.25. In a division sum, the divisor is 10 times the quotient and 5 times the remainder. If
the remainder is 46, what is the dividend ?
A)4236
B)4306
C)4336
D)5336
16
230
= 23
10
10 x Quotient = 230
= 5336.
Sol:
B)864
Given Exp. =
C)2
D)4
(a + b)2 - (a - b)2
4ab
ab
=4
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A)144
ab
Sol:
B)3/5
C)2/3
1400 * x = 1050
x=
D)3/4
1050
3
=
1400
4
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A)1/4
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Ex. 28. Given that 268 * 74 = 19832, find the values of 2.68 * 0.74.
B)19.832
C)1.9832
D)1983.2
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A)198.32
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A)0.0012
C)0.00012
D)none
B)0.500
C)5000
D)none
B)0.1
C)0.001
D)0.0001
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B)2689
C)2968
D)9286
D)0.53/999
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Sol. Given expression = (a3 + b3) / (a2 ab + b2), where a = 0.05 , b = 0.04
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B)55
C)500
D)5000
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B)0.07
C)7
D)none
B)4/3
C)0.75
D)0.075
B)6918.888
C)6891.59775
D)6891.57975
Sol: 6202.5
620.25
62.025
6.2025
+ 0.62025
6891.59775
D)19.6753
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Sol: Let
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Ex.41 What value will replace the question mark in the following equation
? 7328.96 + 5169.38
A)12498.34
B)12948.43
C)12849.33
D)89421.44
x 7328.96 = 5169.38. Then, x = 5169.38 + 7328.96 = 12498.34.
B)0.002560
C)0.02560
D)0.05260
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Ex.43 How many digits will be there to the right of the decimal point in the product of
95.75 and .02554
A)5
B)6
C)7
D)none
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Sol: Sum of decimal places = 7. Since the last digit to the extreme right will be zero (since 5 x 4
= 20), so there will be 6 significant digits to the right of the decimal point.
Ex.44.which of the following is equal to 3.14x106?
A)314
Sol:
B)314000
C)3140
D)none
B)0.4
C)1.2
D)4
19
8 - 2.8 5.2
52
=
=
= 4.
1.3
1.3
13
B.81
C.93
D.97
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C.9988
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QUESTION BANK:
B.27474
C.30154
D.27574
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4.The difference between the local value and the face value of 7 in the numeral 32675149 is
A.75142
B.64851
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C.5149
D.69993
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C.66
D.67
6.What least number must be subtracted from 13601, so that the remainder is divisible by 87 ?
A.23
B.31
C.29
D.37
7. If the number 97215 * 6 is completely divisible by 11, then the smallest whole number in
place of * will be:
A.3
B.2
C.1
D.5
20
D.50
D.512
C.ab
D.ab + 2
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10.If a and b are odd numbers, then which of the following is even ?
A.a + b
B.a + b + 1
D.18
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C.20
12.1904 x 1904 = ?
A.3654316
B.3632646
C.3625216
D.3623436
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B.578
D.1156
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C.565
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B.1280
D.2140
B.5
C.7
D.9
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16.106 x 106 - 94 x 94 = ?
A.2400
B.2000
C.1904
D.1906
B.446
C.354
D.324
21
D.143642
A) 12
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
C) 166
D) 151
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A) 149
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19. .M and N are only two odd numbers with M > N. The largest even integer which divides is
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B 900
C. 2500
D 3600
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22.How many of the following numbers are divisible by 132 ? { 264, 396, 462, 792, 968, 2178,
5184, 6336 }
A.4
B.5
C.6
D.7
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23.Which one of the following is the common factor of (4743 + 4343) and (4747 + 4347) ?
A.(47 - 43)
B.(47 + 43)
C.(4743 + 4343)
D.None of these
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24.A number when divided by 296 leaves 75 as remainder. When the same number is divided by
37, the remainder will be:
A.1
B.2
C.8
D.11
25.What smallest number should be added to 4456 so that the sum is completely divisible by 6 ?
A.4
B.3
C.2
D.1
D.172
22
D.0.4
B.47.752
D.47.95
29.0.009
= .01
?
A..0009
B..09
D.9
30.The value of
(0.96)3 - (0.1)3
is:
(0.96)2 + 0.096 + (0.1)2
B.0.95
C.0.97
D.1.06
C.6
D.8
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32.The value of
B.4
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2
2
31.Evaluate : (2.39) - (1.61)
2.39 - 1.61
A.2
C.0.25
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A.0.86
A.0.0125
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C..9
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C.47.932
D.0.5
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B.6.48 x 10-4
C.6.48 x 10-5
D.6.48 x 10-6
B.1.0
C.20
D.22
144
14.4, then the value of x is:
=
0.144
x
A.0.0144
B.1.44
35.If
23
D.144
B.62.965
C.629.6357
D.None of these
37.0.002 x 0.5 = ?
A.0.0001
B.0.001
D.0.1
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C.0.01
D.None of these
B.1 0.2
C.3.2
D.(0.2)2
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C.3140000
B.1.2
C.1.4
D.4
C.7
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41.How many digits will be there to the right of the decimal point in the product of 95.75 and
0.02554 ?
A.5
B.6
D.None of these
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B.10.09
C.100.9
D.None of these
B.1.45
C.2.40
44.The fraction 101
D.3.25
27 in decimal for is:
100000
A.01027
B..10127
C.101.00027
D.101.000027
B)47
C)470
D)4700
B)3140
C)3140000
D)none
B)0.00196
C)19.6
D)196
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A)1.009
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A)0.000196
C)10.9
D)none
B)0.172
D)17.2
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C)1.72
B)20.0105
D)20.1015
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C)20.0115
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50.12.1212+17.0005-9.1102=?
A)20.0015
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47. 0.014*0.014=?
25