Professional Documents
Culture Documents
UTERINE
Oxytocin injected slowly, contract smooth muscle of breast and
uterus. OTR GPCRs (Gq, more Ca). Stopped postpartum
haemorrhage, milk
Prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2, PGI2) converts membrane
phospholipid to arachidonic acid, then PGH2 (COX1 and COX2).
GPCRs. PGI2 (IP) vasodilation for blood to uterus, PGF2 (FP) uterine
contraction, PGE2 (EP) uterine contraction.
Misoprostol/Dinoprostone prostaglandin analogue (Dino is real).
EP, to contract. Induce labor, early terminations, post-partum
haemorrhages. Applied intravaginally. Cervical ripening as well.
Carboprost PGF2 analogue. Also early termination, contraction
etc.
Ergometrine ergot alkaloid. Needs to be relaxed. Used for
postpartum haemorrhage. 1. 5-HT3 ligand-gated receptors and 2.
Alpha-adrenoceptors for vasoconstriction.
Atosiban OT receptor antagonist, stops oxytocin stimulating
contracting. Halts preterm labor (before 37th)
Nifedipine/Magnesium sulfate L calcium channel block,
immediately stops premature labor.
Turbutaline Beta-2 receptor on smooth muscle. Produces cAMP to
relax cell (reuptake of Ca), down PKA for myosin
Ethinylestradiol similar to oestrogen but longer half-life (lasts a
day). Acts like oestrogen. Orally active unlike normal oestrogen.
Inhibits FSH via negative feedback. No GF follicle. Doesnt work
directly.
Norethistrone/Levonorgestrel progesterone analogue. Much
longer half-life. Stops LH via negative feedback on anterior pituitary.
Prevents spike. Used in conjunction with EE.
Mifepristone antiprogestin. Antagonist at progesterone receptor.
Twice the affinity. Medical alternative to surgical termination.
Breakdown of decidua
Gemoprost prostaglandin for expulsion.
Tamoxifen binds to ER as antagonist (doesnt cause gene
activation), stops cancer proliferation. Obviously, side-effects:
partial agonist on ER receptors in endometrium. Endometriosis. Can
become resistant
Anastrozole/letrozole competitive inhibitors of aromatase
enzyme. May mean more testosterone and androstenedione in
women. Good for metastases.
Premarin pregnant mares urine. Lots of oestrogens. Oestrone
sulfates (hydrophilic)
Tetrodotoxin Physically block sodium channels in neuronal cells.
Reversible eventually.
Botox/Spider toxin Stops neurotransmitter release via snare
proteins. Reinjections required for spasms. Spider toxin promotes
release.