Control Of Unstable Bioreactor Using Fuzzy Tuned PI controller

Introduction
Steady state bioreactor can exhibit non linear behavior at certain changes of parameter values.
For certain, a small changes in the system parameter can effect the steady state condition of the
bioreactor. Therefore , it is advisable for bioreactor to operate at at unstable continuous
bioreactor with feedback controller system. However, conventional unstable continuous
bioreactor PI controller always give unsatisfactory response for the nonlinear process of
bioreactor. In some cases this, implication can further effect the output measurement and
technically destabilize the other operating condition. Therefore fuzzy tuned PID controller is
introduced to improve the performance of the unstable continuous bioreactor. Fuzzy tuner
responsible in controlling the response rate of PI controller in non linear process. Thus, overall
process response can be monitored and improved.

Objectives

1. To improve the conventional PI controller response by using fuzzy tuning

2. To compared the performance of the conventional PI controller with fuzzy tuning PI
controller

Methods
1. The schematic diagram of the fuzzy self tuning PI controller is setup as below.

2. The velocity algorithm of the PI controller is set with:

3. The proportional gain, Kc is tuned by fuzzy logic to keep the integral gain,Ki become
constant (Ki= Kc/I)
4. The proportional gain Kc is normalized between 0 and 1 by using linear transformation
Kc,mina and Kc, maxa= allowable controller gain obtained from stability analysis
5. Fuzzy control need e and e
1)

6. After the value of Kc

input to evaluate Kc using its rule based (see table

is determined, the value of Kc mina and Kcmaxa is calculated. The

negative sign indicates that if error increases the manipulative variable has to decrease.

The maximum an minimum allowable values of the controller parameter Kc is chosen

around the design values calculated as earlier for PI control.

Result from article

Based on the article, the performance of the closed loop system when subjected with the fuzzy
tuning of PI controller to move from the stable steady state to the unstable steady state is
shown in Fig. 1.

From figure 1 it can be seen that the overshoot is reduced and it settles faster. For a 30% step
change in the set point,the oscillations are reduced as shown in Fig. 2.

With 20% uncertainty in measurement delay ,L, for a 30% step change in set point,fuzzy tuning
helps to stabilize the closed loop response where the PI controller fails to stabilise. The response
for this case is shown in Fig. 3.

For a 25% uncertainty in the oscillations are reduced and it settles faster as shown in Fig. 4.

To sum up, we can say that fuzzy tuning improves the robustness of the controller under process
uncertainties which is a major requirement for non-linear processes such as bioreactors with
uncertainties in process kinetics.