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Mole Concept and Stoichiometry (A)

Gay Lussacs Law.


Num. 1. 2H2O 2H2 (g) + O2 (g).
If a given experiment results in 2500 cm3 of H2 being produced, what volume of O2 is liberated at
the same time under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
Sol : - When 2 vol. of hydrogen is produced the 1 vol. of oxygen is liberated. Therefore, When 2500 cm3
of hydrogen is produced then 1/22500 cm3 of oxygen is liberated.
Hence, volume of oxygen liberated = 1250 cm 3.
Num. 2. 4NH3+ 5O2 4NO + 6H2O.
If 27 litres of reactants are consumed, what volume of nitrogen monoxide (Nitric oxide) is
produced at the same temperature and pressure.
Sol : - Volume of reactants = 4 vol. of ammonia + 5 vol. of oxygen = 9 vol.
9 vol. of reactants produces 4 vol. of Nitric oxide
Therefore, 27 vol. of reactants will produce 4/927 lit. = 12 litres of Nitric oxide.
Num. 3. 4N2O + CH4 CO2 + 2H2O + 4N2.
If all volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure. Calculate the volume of N2O
required to give 150 cm3 of steam.
Sol : - 2 vol. of steam is produced by 4 vol. of N2O
1 vol. will be produced by 4/2 vol. of N2O
150 cm3 of steam will be produced by 4/2150 = 300 cm 3 of N2O.
Num. 4. What volume of oxygen would be required for the complete combustion of 100 litres of
ethane according to the following equation.
2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O.
Sol : - 2 vol. of ethane requires 7 vol. of oxygen
1 vol. of ethane will require 7/2 vol. of oxygen
100 litres of ethane will require 7/2 100 = 350 litres of oxygen.
Num .5. What vol. of O2 is required to burn completely a mixture of 22.4 dm 3 of CH4 and 11.2
dm3 of H2. The reaction are :
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O ; 2H2 + O2 2H2O.
Sol : - CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
1 vol. 2 vol. 1 vol.
1 vol. of CH4 requires 2 vol. of O2
22.4 dm3 of CH4 will require 2 22.4 = 44.8 dm3 -------- (i)
2H2 + O2 2H2O
2 vol. 1 vol. 2 vol.
2 vol. of H2 requires 1 vol. of O2
1 vol. of H2 will require vol. of O2

11.2 dm3 of H2 will require 1/211.2 = 5.6 dm3 ---------- (ii)


Total vol. = 44.8 + 5.6 = 50.4 dm3.

Num. 6. 560 ml of carbon monoxide is mixed with 500 ml of oxygen and ignited. The chemical
equation for the reaction is as follows: 2CO + O2 2CO2.
Calculate the volume of oxygen used and carbon dioxide formed in the above reaction.
Sol.: - 2CO + O2 2CO2
2 vol. 1 vol. 2 vol.
To burn 2 vol. of CO, 1 vol. of O2 is required and 2 vol. of CO2 is produced
To burn 560 ml of CO, 560/2 = 280 ml of O2 will be required and 560 ml of CO2 will be produced.
Hence, vol. of O2required = 280 ml, vol. of CO2produced = 560 ml.
Mole Concept Avogadros Number.
Num. 1. Each of two flasks contains 2.0 g of gas at the same temperature and pressure. One flask
contains oxygen and the other hydrogen. (a) Which sample contains the greater number of
molecules. (b) If the H2 sample contains N molecules, how many are in the O 2 sample. [H = 1; O =
16].
Sol : - (a) 2 g of H2 will have greater number of molecules.
2 g of H2 = 1 mole = 6.023 1023 molecules.
2 g of O2 = 2/32 mole = 1/16 mole = (6.023 1023)/16 molecules.
[1 mole of O2 = 32 g => 2 g of O2= 2/32 mole]
Hence the answer.
(b) No of molecules of oxygen = 2/32 N = N/16.
Num. 2. 112 cm3 of gaseous fluoride of phosphorus has a mass 0.63 g. Calculate its relative
molecular mass. If the molecule of the fluoride contains only one atom of phosphorus, then
determine the formula of the phosphorus fluoride. [F = 19; P = 31].
Sol : - Weight of 112 cm3 of gaseous fluoride is 0.63g
Weight of 22400 cm3 = 0.63/112 22400 g = 126 g.
Let PFn = 126
Or, 31 + 19n = 126
Or, 19n = 126 31 = 95
Or, n = 95/19 = 5
Hence, formula of Phosphorus fluoride is PF5.
Num. 3. When heated, potassium permanganate decomposes according to the following
equation:
2KMnO4 K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.
Given that the molecular mass of potassium permanganate is 158, what volume of oxygen
(measured at room temperature) would be obtained by the complete decomposition of 15.8 g of
potassium permanganate? (Molar volume at room temperature is 24 litres.)

Sol : - Molar mass of KMnO4 = 158


Molar vol. of O2 at room temp. = 24 litre
158 g of KMnO4 at room temp. yields 24 litres of O2
15.8 g of KMnO4at room temp. will yield = 24/(2 158) 15.8
= 1.2 litres of O2.
Num. 4. A flask contain 3.2 g of Sulphur dioxide. Calculate the following:
(i) The moles of Sulphur dioxide present in the flask.
(ii) The number of molecules of Sulphur dioxide present in the flask.
(iii) The volume occupied by 3.2 g of Sulphur dioxide at S. T. P.
(S = 32, O = 16).
Sol : - (i) Moles = Weight of substance in grams / Molecular weight
Hence, mole of SO2 = 3.2 / 64 = 0.05.
(ii) Number of molecules = Moles 6.023 1023
Hence, number of molecules of SO2 = 0.05 6.023 1023 = 0.302 1023.
(iii) 64 gms of SO2 occupies a vol. of 22.4 lit.
3.2 gms of SO2 will occupy (3.2 22.4) / 64 = 1.12 litres

Mole Concept and Stoichiometry(A)

Num. 5. The volume of gases A, B, C and D are in the ratio, 1 : 2 : 2 : 4 under the same conditions
of temperature and pressure:
(i) Which sample of gas contains the maximum number of molecules?
(ii) If the temperature and the pressure of gas A are kept constant, then what will happen to the
volume of A when the number of molecules is doubled?
(iii) If this ratio of gas volumes refers to the reactants and products of a reaction, which gas law is
being observed?
(iv) If the volume of A is actually 5.6 dm3 at S. T. P. calculate the number of molecules in the actual
volume of D, at S. T. P. (Avogadros Number is 6 1023).
(v) Using your answer from (iv) state the mass of D if the gas is Di-nitrogen dioxide (N2O). (N = 14;
O = 16).
Sol : - (i) The sample D. (ii) Volume of A will get doubled. (iii) Gay Lussacs Law.
(iv)
Gases A D
Volumes 1 : 4
5.6 dm3 4 5.6 dm3 at S. T. P.
= 22.4 dm3 (Molar volume)
= 6 1023 molecules.
(v) 6 1023 molecules is Avogadros number of molecules contained in 1 gram mole of the substance. If
gas d is N2O then ,
1 gram mole of N2O = 2 14 + 16 = 44g.

Num. 6. (i) Calculate the number of moles and the number of molecules present in 1.4 g of
ethylene gas. What is the volume occupied by the same amount of ethylene?
(ii) What is the vapour density of ethylene?
(Avogadros Number = 6 1023; Atomic weight of C = 12, H = 1;
Molar volume = 22.4 litres at S. T. P.)
Sol : - (i) Molecular formula of ethylene = CH2 = CH2
Molecular weight of ethylene = 12 + 2 + 12 + 2 = 28 g
Number of moles = Given weight / Molecular weight
= 1.4 / 28 = 0.05 moles.
Number of molecules in 1 mole = 6 1023
Therefore, number of molecules in 0.05 mole = 6 1023 0.05 = 0.3 1023
= 3 1022 molecules.
Volume occupied by 1 mole of ethylene = 22.4 liters
Therefore, vol. occupied by 0.05 mole of ethylene = 22.4 0.05 = 1.12 litres.
(ii) Vapour density, V.D. = Molecular weight /2 = 28/2 = 14.
Num.7. A sample of ammonium nitrate when heated yields 8.96 litres of steam (measured at
S.T.P.).
NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O
(i) What volume of dinitrogen oxide is produced at the same time as 8.96 litres of steam? (ii) What
mass of ammonium nitrate should be heated to produce 8.96 litres of steam? (Relative molecular
mass of ammonium nitrate is 80).
Sol : - NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O
1 vol. (22.4 L) + 2 vol.(44.8L)
(i) When 44.8 L of steam is produced then 22.4 L of N 2O is produced at stp.
When 8.96 L of steam is produced then (22.4 8.96)/44.8 L = 4.48 L of N 2O at stp.
(ii) 44.8 L steam is liberated by 80 g NH4NO3
8.96 L steam will be liberated by (80 8.96)/44.8 = 16 g NH 4NO3.
Num.8. The equation of the burning of octane is :
2C8H18 + 25O2 16CO2 + 18H2O.
(i) How many moles of carbon dioxide are produced when one mole of octane burns.
(ii) What volume at s.t.p. is occupied by the number of moles determined in (i).
(iii) If the relative molecular mass of carbondioxide is 44, what is the mass carbon dioxide
produced by burning two moles of octane.
Sol : - (i)(ii)(iii).

Mole Concept and Stoichiometry


Num.1. Under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, you collect 2 litres of Carbon
dioxide, 3 litres of Chlorine, 5 litres of Hydrogen, 4 litres of Nitrogen and 1 litre of Sulphur dioxide.
In which gas sample will there be:
(i) the greatest number of molecules?
(ii) the least number of molecules?
Justify your answer.

Sol.: - (i) Hydrogen. (ii) Sulphur dioxide.


Justification : - According to Avogadros Law, under the similar condition of temperature and pressure,
equal volume of all gases contain equal number of molecules. Therefore volume of Hydrogen is greater
and so, it has greater number of molecules.
Num.2. The gases Chlorine, Nitrogen, Ammonia and Sulphur dioxide are collected under the same
condition of temperature and pressure. Copy the following table which gives the volume of gases
collected and the number of molecules (X) in 20 litres of Nitrogen. You are required to complete
the table giving the number of molecules in the other gases in terms of X :
Gas

Volume
(litres)

Chlorine

10

Nitrogen

20

Ammonia

20

Sulphur
dioxide

Number of
molecules

Sol : Gas

Volume
(litres)

Number of
molecules

Chlorine

10

X/2

Nitrogen

20

Ammonia

20

Sulphur
dioxide

X/4

Num.3. Samples of the gases O2, N2, CO2 and CO under the same conditions of temperature and
pressure contain the same number of molecules represented by X. The molecules of Oxygen (O 2)
occupy V litres and have a mass of 8 gms. Under the same conditions of temperature and
pressure:
(i) What is the volume occupied by:
(1) X molecules of N2
(2) 3X molecules of CO?
(ii) What is the mass of CO2 in grams?
(iii) In answering the above questions, whose law has been used?
(C = 12, N = 14, O = 16).
Sol : - (i) (1) V litres (2) 3V litres
(ii) Number of mol of oxygen = Mass of O2/Molar mass of O2 = 8 g/ 32 g mol-1
= 0.25 mol.
As the number of molecules of CO2 is equal to the number of moles of O2 = 0.25 mol.
Mass of CO2 in grams = 0.25 44 = 11 gms
(iii) Avogadros Law.

Q.1. The gas law which relates the volume of a gas to the number of molecules of the gas is
A : Avogadros Law B : Gay-Lussacs Law
C : Boyles Law D : Charles Law.
Ans : - A.

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