Problems and Prospects of Tourism: A case study of

Namoboudha,Kavre.

Submitted to
Department of Rural Development
PadmaKanya College
Bagbazaar, Kathmandu

CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study
Nepal is a Federal Democratic Republic country situated in the southern slopes of the
Himalayas. It is located between 2622 and 3027 North latitude and 804and 8812
East longitude. It stretches along area 800 km long and 160 km wide. It lays sand witched

between two Asian Titans. Nepal is flaked in the north by the autonomous Tibetan region
of the people republic of China with whom It shares an international boundary 800km
long. Similarly, in the eastern, southern and western flanks Nepal is bounded by India
with a border 1120km long. The country within its boundary contains the most extensive
and central segments of the Himalayas bastion
Though small in the area it is gifted with the stupendous wealth of natural resources,
cultural and religious site. The constitution of Nepal has declare as the secular state which
indicate the prevalent of varying religion and the state of fair treatment by the nation.
Nepal Tourism is largest and fastest growing industry in the world. Nepal since long has
stood as one of the most attractive destination in the world with its natural beauties,
cultural, religious and archeological heritage etc and for more.
Kathmandu valley Capital city of Nepal possesses enormous tourism potentialities but
the potentialities has yet not been exploited yet. Nepal in its narrow and compact spatial
frame of 160km northwards, telescopes sharply varying altitudinal diversity. It ranges
from 58 m above sea level as in case of Mushariya located in the eastern wing of
southern plain to the tallest peak Mt. Everest with its 8848m towering height. The
varying ranges, in terms of their distinctly dissimilar physical settings, demonstrate
contrasting topographical difference. This country was merged in to one nation under the
unification camping led by the late king Prithivi Narayan Shah during the middle of the
18th century. Nepal occupies a large part of Himalayas and its foothills. It is roughly
rectangular in shape.
The research is to study about the problem and prospects of tourism in
Namoboudha. It is located at Kavre district of Nepal. It lies at the elevation of 280m in
Kokhajhor Khola to 3018m of Bethanchowk Danda. It is also located between 85 024 to
and 85049east longitude and 27020 to 27045 north latitude. It lies to the eastern part
from Kathmandu and is 21km eastward from Kathmandu. The headquarter of Kavre
district Dulikhel which lies at 30km eastward from Kathmandu. The soil is fertile and is
endowed with rich forest and scenic beauty. Kavre is considered as full of mystery and
intrigue. These often forgotten places are some of our most valuable assets and part of
our beautiful heritage.

The concise Oxford dictionary defines tourism as Organized touring. According to

Huniger and Krapf, (1941) defines tourism as the sum total of phenomenon resulting
from the travel and stay of non residents which does not lead to permanent residence and
is not connected with any permanent or temporary activity.
Similarly, Lickorish and Kershaw (1957) defined tourism as all movement of people
outside their community for all purpose except migration or regular daily work. The most
frequent reason for is for holiday, however it also include attending conference and
movement on sporadic or frequent business purposes.
1.2 Characteristics of Tourism
The definition of the tourism as propounded by Huniger and Krapf identifies several
characteristics of tourism;
i)

Tourism involves the complex set of interrelationships between people, place

and products.

ii)

These interrelationships evolve through the transportations of people to

various destinations outside of their normal place of residence and theid stay

iii)
iv)

at those places of destinations.

The duration of visit must generally be of short term nature i.e not permanent.
Tourism is essentially the pleasure activity that does not involve earning
related travel activity if the associated income is not earned in the destination,
region or country.

Kavre district consists of three municipality and 87 VDC and 15 illaka. It consists of 4
constituencies for the purpose of election
Namoboudha lies at simalchaur VDC of Kavre district i.e mid southern part of disrtict.
The area of simalchaur VDC 12.19 sq.km and it is at 4 mile distance from district
headquarter. It is the holy site for Buddhist. This site enjoys the holy mela during the
birthday of lord Buddha. There are different myths prevalent in relation to namobuddha
of kavre distrct.
During the ancient period a king named Sinta Chempo ruled the Panauti area of Kavre
district. He had three son. The youngest among them was loyal and true devotee of god.
Once the king and the member of royal family were out fot hunting. After travelling half

of day they reached the dense forest with beautiful flowers and beautiful. They liked this
place very much and decided to stay there but three other prince went further ahead and
find the big den with the sleeping tiger inside the den. Seeing the tiger the two princes
decided to kill the tiger and the youngest prince saw the baby cub with the tiger inside
the den and stopped the killing of tiger and he decided to stay with the tiger as the cub
were newly born the mother tiger was very weak. He tried his best to feed the mother
tiger. He tried many attempt to feed the mother tiger but at last he took out some flesh
and fresh blood from his own body and feed the tiger. The other two princes were worried
about the youngest prince and went to search him but find the bone and clothes worn by
the prince. The youngest prince save the life of mother tiger and her cub by feeding
himself to the mother tiger. Listening this event the king and the queen became very
mentally disturbed. The remnant of the youngest prince ie clothe and bone was packed in
the clothes and buried there made there the stupa. This stupa is named as Namobouddha
now a days. It is right place for the travelling as it is near to Kathmandu, the pleasing
weather, historical significance with religious and cultural values. With the growing
travelling fad this site and Kavre district can be the best destination for the people living
in capital city Kathamndu
As concerned about site is linked with the tourism, It provides multifaceted
opportunities and potential for the promotion of tourism. Religious and cultural site are
the most attractive destination for the tourist as they provide calm, green, pleasant and
enchanting refreshment. With the growing fad of visiting the religious sites nearby
Kathmandu in our locality can the best option.
.

1.2

Statement of Problem
Historical site like Namobouddha do really contribute the tourism industry in

Nepal. Few examples to cite, Durbarsquare of Kathmandu, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur

and Changunarayan of Kathmandu and Bhaktapur respectively besides this theres a
lot of local destination in different part of Nepal which has the enough potentialities

but the prospects and problems are not in documented form in Nepal. If the
relationship or the degree of co relationship between such destination and tourism is
established we can once regain red in the tourism industry which contributes
constructively for the upliftment of the status of the host community. The potentiality
of the tourism is yet to be explored in the Nepalese context in general and kavre in a
particular. Visiting provides the emotional, psychic and mental refreshment for the
visitors. So the trend of the visiting needs to be flourished in the systematic way.
Even the governing agencies in the tourism lack the actual information for the
tourism so the policy, plan, strategy are always at the deficit in regard to the tourism
at local level. Furthermore Namobaudha due to its strategic significance the influx of
visitors all over the year can be considered as being high.

1.3

Objective of Study

The study aims to seek the problem and prospects of tourism at Kavre district.
Applied as well as theoretical knowledge can be derived from the study conducted in
Namobauddha. The ultimate findings from the research can be basis for the further in
depth study in the topic. The study is proposed with the objective to shed the light in the
tourism and the available destination at local level in the Namobauddha of simalchaur
VDC of Kavre District and to suggest further.
The objective of the study is listed below
1. To identify the prospects of tourism like (cultural, pilgrimage, ecotourism) and
problem of tourism in Namoboudha of Kavre district.
2. To provide the suggestions and recommendations for further improvement.
3. To analyze the threats in Namobauddha Stupa which are likely to hinder the flow
of tourists.
Researcher seeks to achieve those objectives by looking for the following research
question:
i)

What is the present condition of the tourism and situation of the Namobaudha
Stupa?

ii)

What roles had local community played in managing the religious site
resources to link it up with the tourism?

iii)

What types of relationship exists between structural, situational, interactional

and compositional factors at local level?

iv)

What is the overall influence of various structural, situational, interactional

and compositional factors on benefits sharing?

1.4 Rational of Study

Tourism plays the important role in Balance of payment in nation context. It is
ever changing but never ending business. It creates the multiplier effect in the
society. Contribution of tourism at local level is really appreciative in terms of
economic affair. It also generates direct and indirect employment opportunities.
Therefore there is need to study, analyze and explore the inherent potential. The
unstable government, lack of clear cut policy for tourism promotion at local level,
vacant local institution, poor infrastructure less connectivity can be the hindrance
factors for tourism promotion. In the context of Kavre district there seems the enough
prospects of tourism development but the problem and hindrances are affecting the
promotion
Further the conclusion so obtained ease the policy makers to fill the gap to linkup the
tourism in rural setting like Namobaudha. Finding from the study motivates the local
stakeholders in Kavre for the further management of such destination in this locality.
Even the governing agencies do lack the relevant information about such attraction
and destination. The study aims to interlink the destination in economic and social
impact and too identify the potential threat to the touristic destination of Kavre
district ie Namobouddha. Further it is expected to be very significant for the
researcher interested in this topic.

1.5 Significance of Study

The study is expected to be of huge significance in Kavre district which study has
not been conducted in the documented format till date. Further the final report eases the
DDC personnel to frame the better plan for the management of touristic destination

which can be the source of revenue for District Development Committee and Village
Development Committee as well. Further the report tries to bridge the policy gap in local
level to link such the site to the tourist destination and the promotion of tourism.

1.6 Limitation of Study

Every research possesses its own limitation and purposes. The limitations of the study
is as stated.
The topic of present study will be limited to tourism in Namoboudha of
Kavre district: prospects and problem.
The study will concentrate only on the nearby HH of Namobauddha Stupa of
the Simalchaur VDC.
The study is expected to be very specific and wont cover the entire aspect
because of time and resource constraints.
The research report is too conditioned by remoteness, geographically
complexities and other hindrances too the fuel crunch recently in Nepal
required by the researcher.
The research report is too constraint by the Tibetan refugee response staying
nearby stupa because they may not reveal the exactness because of their
ideological alignment.

UNIT II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1Theoretical Review
The study will be reviewed from ecological point of view

2.1.1 Ecological approach

Earnest Haekel (1834-1919) Ecology is the study of reciprocal relation between
organism and their environment.
Ogbourn and Nimcoff defined that Ecology is the study of relationship of organism to
their environment. Human ecology is a branch of general ecology, but is concerned with
the relation of human organism to their environment. this field is very broad but human
been concerned
particularly with the problem of man's spatial arrangements and their learning on his
social life.
According to Collins dictionary of Sociology : Ecology is the study of interactive
relation between living things and their environment.
Staphen k. Sanderson ; Ecology includes the totality of the physical environment to
which human must adopt. In strict sense ecology is not a part of socio-cultural system.
It is the external environment to which socio-cultural system must adjust.

The concept of cultural ecology holds that environment is the principle part of
peoples cultural system in terms of subsistence, resources, belief, system, ideology.
Adaptation is both a response to niche specificity (eg Plant species) as well as human
response in management strategy to the opportunities that the environment offers. An
important corollary to the existence of diversity and niche is the reality of localized, and
therefore limited abundance. The existence of scarcity rherefore within the diversity has
led to the formation of important management
strategies by communities
(ICIMOD:1994, 84-86).
The idea of cultural ecology as propounded by J. steward opine that the culture of
human being is defined by the ecology. The ecology has the prime role in defining the
way of living of the individual which includes knowledge, belief, arts, moral, law and
other capabilities acquired by human being as a member of society.
Rappaports model show that both cultural and environmental system should be
viewed as two side s of the coin or part of the same system not in isolation.
Basic concept on the interdependence between social organization and
environment can be studied under the following points:
Adaptation is the major process of cultural change.
The analysis of socio cultural environmental adaptation serves to uncover
variable which explain the origin of particular cultural features or
structures in similar environmental conditions.
There is the functional relationship between the culture ingredients, but
the degree and kind of it among the parts are not equal.
The functional relationship of relevant environmental factors cause
certain organizational relationship which in term give rise to another
aspect of culture and
Both culture and environment are usually conceived
And thus the foci of study are the equilibrium plateau of socio cultural
environmental system.
Societal way of living an individual is determined by the ecology and the factors
of ecosystem. Accordingly the people of different regions are defined. The people
living in such places where the such heritage are found and upon the mobilization of
these resources the living standard enhances. This research report also aims to link
up the rural livelihood and the available heritage at Namobauddha by analyzing the
prospects and problem. Had there been no such valuable heritage and resources the
study wouldnt have been compatible with the cultural ecological Model by
analyzing the prospects and problem. The research mostly aims to link the
productive resources and heritage with the livelihood.

2.2 Review of Previous Study

Till date there has not been the study about the problem and prospects of tourism
in Namobaudha of Kavre district however just we can conclude that kavre in
general and Namoboauddha in particular possesses the huge potentialities for the
tourism and too problem exists. The study (Neupane, 2011) for his Masters thesis
about the problem and prospects of tourism in Nepal had reveal that she possesses
the enough potentialities for eco-tourism, Nature tourism, Adventure tourism,
Village tourism, Rural tourism, cultural tourism, pligramage tourism, domestic
tourism. He further opine the potentialities can be reap better only when there is
political stability, clear cut policy at central level

and local level, effective

coordination among the organ of government, proper infrastructure, connectivity and

the genuine commitment on behalf of government.
(Lamsal,2008) Pleasing weather, Scenic attraction, Historical and cultural factors,
Amenities, Accessibility, Accommodation are the basic requisite for the promotion
of tourism in the particular area availability of such facilities ensures the flow of
tourism.
Tourism potentially offer national, regional and local economic benefits similarly
those of other type of tourism activity. Full economic potential at different scale of
economy is yet to be sustained by specific studies (Ziffer, 1989)
It is claimed that direct economic benefits are as follows:
a. Additional foreign exchange earnings
b. Economic development, diversification and long term stability, particularly in
regional areas.
c. The distribution of income directly into regional and local economies through
demended for local goods and services.
d. The generation of income for the conservation and management valueable
assets.
e. Additional skilled employemt opportunities by utilizing local knowledge and
facilities and
f. Local infrastructure development.

2.3 Policy Review

If we look at the history of tourism, it was started from Europe in 19 th century. It
was develop as industry after 1857 in Europe. But after the development of air

transportation as well as railway service, the international tourism has also flourished. In
the present most of the developed countries of the world has the domestic tourism as the
main source of the income for the host community. Domestic tourism seems to be more
affordable for middle and the low class people. Nepal has highly promoted the domestic
tourism after the 8th national plan. The Visit Nepal Year 1998 has brought great
inducement for the development of internal or domestic tourism. Lately many fairs and
festival are being organized in different places with the motive to promote and gear up
the traveling fad.
The various activities initiated by Nepal Government for the promotion of Tourism in
general and domestic tourism in particular during its planned period can be highlighted
as:
It was only in 1951 that Nepal allowed tourist to enter. Tourism has received some
priority in all the periodic plans:
In the first (1956-61), a tourism development Board was formed under the department of
industry in 1956, and subsequently, a Department of tourism was established in1957.
In the third plan (1965-70), the government formed policies dealing with the conservation
of temples and storical sites.
In the fourth plan(1970-75), programs were fixed to be implemented by the Department
of Tourism such as the extension of information centers and training and entertainment,
among other.Nepal Tourist Development Committee was formed in 1971 under the
chairperson of Himalayan Bir Bikram Shah.
In 1972, the government hired a group of specialist in collaboration with Germany to
prepare a master plan for Tourism Development in Nepal. As the result, Hotel
Management and tourism Management Center emerged to instruct required manpower in
travel and hotel.
Nepal Tourism Master plan 1972 supplied the first benchmark to access policy evaluation
and program performance in tourism. The plan main concept was a decentralized pattern
of tourism development to spread and produce economic impulses in the region as well as
to encourage longer tourist stay in the country.
It bolstered a regional pace of development so as to counter against the price rises (owing
to deficiencies in the domestic supply sector) and repugnant sociological outcomes.

The fifth plan (1975-80) and sixth plan (1980-85) ventured to focus on the master plan
approach of maximizing foreign exchange, employment generation and regional
development.
In 1982, the Ministry of tourism released National Tourism Promotion Committee report
that outlined five objectives and thirteen supporting modalities.
The policies outlined were;
a. Increase in the number of tourist and the period of stay
b. Facilitation of regional development through opening new destination; (c)
concentrating on

natural and cultural attractions to develop tourism;

c. Maximum retention on earning of foreign exchange; and

d. Promotion of agricultural and industrial products required by the tourism sector and
increased employment through tourism.
The report set down ninety recommendations to be accomplished by the end of sixth plan
1984/85. However less then one third of the recommendations were implemented.
Nepal Tourism Master Plan Review, 1984 undertaken by German experts found the
growth in tourism was less than the outcome of purposive planning of the natural
commercial form. The review proposed more government intervention to direct tourism,
including a five year moratorium on further hotel investment in Katmandu.
The policy package incorporated a system for incentives and control in the industry,
regional, priorities, market promotion and training and coordination. The action plan
focused on removing existing constraints, improving product quality, marketing, and
improvement in the Ministry of tourism Capabilities institutionally, administratively and
technically.
The seventh plan (1985-90) outlines seven fold policies namely,
a. to extend promotion in tourism prospects area,
b) to make efficient taxes related to tourism thereby increasing tourists,
c. to promote public and private sector investment in tourist related facilities.

d. to promote mountaineering tourism,

e. to attract tourist particularly from Asia,
f. to improve service such as airports, hotels and internal flights and
g. to preserve cultural, religious and historical heritage.
The Ministry of Tourism formulated a tourism development policy and work plan in
1987. The report classified abundant problems like lack of coordination, lack of
professionalism in tourism administration, lack of law enforcement, over concentrated
and lack of domestic transport network
It also highlighted 22 policies and 24 strategy agenda. It also proposed a set of liberal
facilities related with income tax, sales tax, custom duty to encourage the private sector.
However most of the fiscal facilities have not been granted.
The eight plan (1992/93-1996/97) outlined five objectives and fourteen policies with
regard to tourism. It estimated the sector to earn more than US$72 million in the first year
and US$137 million by the final year of the plan. However the target was not realized.

The ninth plan (1992/98-2001/02), the following long term objectives were underscored:
(a) To promote tourism sector as the vital area of overall economic growth,

(b) to implant Nepal as the boon destination on the global tourism map, and
(c) To percolate the gains of tourism down to the local level.
To meet the objectives, seven strategies were put forward.
The tenth plan highlights the following the following objectives, namely
(a) Sustainable growth and qualitative advancement of the tourism sector,
(b) protection of archival, artistic and spiritual heritage and augmenting their pragmatic
employment, and

(c) To furnish air transportation services readily attainable, safe and dependable
There were five strategies related to objective one, two strategies related to objective two
and three strategies related to objective three. Nepal during her interim period has also
ranked the tourism sector as the high priority area but the overall focuses of the plan has
been laid mostly in 3R Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Reintegration of the damaged
infrastructure during twelve years long conflict.

Source: The Katmandu Post, 8th

February 2007
The governing agency in the tourism field i.e. Nepal Tourism Board has the prime role to
identify the potential tourism destinations and its flourishment which is the blended
organization of the private and public partnership.
Nepal Tourism Board Act 2053 BS has limited the roles of NTB as stated below:
-

To develop and introduce Nepal as an attractive tourist destination in the international

market.

To promote tourism industry in the country while working for the conservation of
natural environment and cultural resources.

To work towards increasing GDP and foreign exchange income by means of

promoting tourism industry.

To work towards the increasing GDP and foreign exchange income by the means of
promoting tourism industry.

To work towards increasing the employment opportunities in tourism sector.

To develop Nepal as secure dependable as well as attractive travel destination by

establishing the respected image of Nepal.

To work towards providing quality service to the tourist visiting Nepal.

To study the bottlenecks against the same by means of conducting research and
getting implemented the reslt so as to overcome the bottlenecks.

To promote and develop institutions for the promotion of tourism industry.

Major activities under the tourism sector during the fiscal year 2012/13 as stated in
Economic Survey 2012/13
a) Tourism Master Plan: In an effort to give clear direction to the tourism sector,
preparation of an integrated tourism master plan, and review and timely revisit of
tourism policy are at the final stage.
b) Three year plan: A three year plan has been prepared for the tourism sector and has
been sent to the national planning commission for the approval.
c) Foreign Investment in the tourism Sector: Investment in travel, trekking, rafting and
pony trekking business has been open for foreigners, in the line with the policy of
promoting the foreign investment in the tourism.
d) Travel and Trekking Agency, Regulations, 2062 BS: Amended to the travel and
trekking Agency Regulation, 2062 BS has amended the provision with respect to the
paid up capital and extended by one year the period of the bank guarantee to be
placed in the name of Ministry.
e) Water Journey regulation, 2063 BS: This regulation is already in effect.
f) Airport Construction and Improvement: Dhangadi airport in the far western
Development Region has been improved as the hub airport. Construction works under
the first phase, which include extension of 1.2 km runway, taxiway, improvement of
apron and blacktopping, have been completed for which people participation was also
mobilized. The international airport in Pokhara and Lumbini are under the final stage
of initiation.
g) Conservation of world heritage: In order to conserve and protect important sites of
the world heritage, details of the houses located within the protected area have been
compiled and the mapping works of the road turns have also been completed.
h) Special training: A special training program in the hotel and the tourism discipline
was conducted targeting the conflict affected dalits, indigenous people and
disadvantaged women. This training is provided to help reduce poverty through
availing foreign as well as employment opportunities.

i) Tourism Promotion Program: Tourism promotion program are being implemented in

the tourism potential countries particularly focusing India and China, and in other
countries like Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Bangladesh.
j) Visit Tourism Year- 2012 has been celebrated to attract more tourists and restore
image that was damage by the conflict before the historical peace accord was signed.

2.4 Conceptual Review

While talking about tourism, the term tourism, travel and touristy is necessary to
define. The term is defined as tourism is the business activity connected with providing
accommodation, services and entertainment for people who are visiting for pleasure.
Tourist is defined as aperson who is travelling or visiting a place for pleasure,
Touristy is attracting goods designed to attract a lot of tourist and travel means visiting
one place to another to fulfill some purposes( Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of
Current English 7th edition by A.S. Hornby). Tourism is affected by two economic,
cultural, political aspect of any state. It has three major bases: Transport, Locale, and
Accommodation including lodging, fooding, facilities modern technology and
recereation.
According to Thomas Cook (1860), motivation for travel includes: religions,
nature and culture like heritage, art, culture, songs and music and to meet family. He
further classified the travel motivation into four categories: Physical motivation like rest,
treatment, sport, interpersonal motivation like meeting relatives, friends and to make pen
friens, status, prestige motivations like study, business and conference and cultural
motivation.
The concise Oxford dictionary defines tourism as organized touring.
The conceptual definition of tourism is given by Huniger and Krapf they define it as the
sum total of phenomenon resulting from the travel and stay of non residents in so far it
does not lead to permanent residence and is not connected with any permanent or
temporary activity. This definition was adopted by the Association International d

Experts Scientifique du tourism (AIEST) and gained wide acceptance. (Bhatta,

2000.p.27)

UNIT III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1

Population
Namobauddha stupa lies at the simalchaur VDC.The household near the

Namobauddha engaged in tourism activities are considered as the population of the entire
study. The area of Simalchaur VDC is 12.19 sq.km. the number of total voters of the
VDC is 2270 with 1123 male and 1147 female voters. The prefeasibility study conducted
by the researcher indicates the presence of 40 HH around the Namobauddha stupa.

3.2

Sample Size and Technique

Among 40 HH around the Namobauuddha Stupa 10 HH will be selected on the

random basis so that they represent the entire population. Simple random sampling
techniques has been followed by the researcher to select the sample and ten HH will be
administered the prepared questionnaire and schedule.

3.3

Research Design
The research design will be descriptive as well as exploratory designs and it will

focus its attention on the exploration of facts related to the Tourism of Namobauddha
stupa of simalchaur VDC. The research will assess the trends that are developing,

process that are going on and the effects that are evident about the tourism in
Namobauddha.

3.4

Nature of Data
On the basis of nature both the qualitative and quantitative data will be used in

this study. And on the basis of source primary and secondary data sources will be used.
Data will be collected from the questionnaire, interview, and observation. Secondary
data will be collected from the district development committee Kavre respective VDC,
CBS population census record, District profile other published and unpublished book
reports, newspaper, manual etc

3.4.1 Qualitative and Quantitative

The data that can be quantified are called qualitative data, or the data that can be
numerically expressed is called quantitative data. In this proposed research data like
number of visitor, expenditure made by the visitor etc. will be considered as the
quantitative data.
The data that cannot be expressed numerically is called qualitative data these sorts
of data cant be quantified. The extend or the magnitude can be stated. The fear or favour
of tourism in Namobaudha in this research will be considered as qualitative data.

3.4.2 Primary and Secondary Data

Primary Data will be collected by the researcher herself by travelling to the
research site by her own initiation the questionnaire, interview, and observation will be
the tools for the collection of primary data.
Secondary data were collected from the district development committee Kavre
respective V.D.C. , C.B.S. population census record, District profile other published and
unpublished book reports, newspaper, manual etc

3.5

Tools and Techniques for Data collection

The data will be collected through the following different techniques and tools
such as observation, household survey, interview, questionnaire and. These tools and
techniques to collect the primary data are mentioned here:

3.5.1 Observation
Since the overall objective of the present study is to link the tourist flow in
Namoboudha and to identify the problem, prospects and threat encountered by the stupa
so observation is the main tools to acquire the information, visiting the site observing the
flow of tourist and collecting the necessary information remains the business of the
researchers moreover analyzing the threat encountered by the stupa and too the prospects
are analyzed. The observation was conducted by using observation guidelines.

3.5.2 Household Survey

Travelling to the nearby HH the researcher will chat the flow of tourist in and discuss
the problem and prospects as well, the benefits had by the local people upon the arrival of
tourist and the change encountered with the passage of time such as socio-economic,
demographic structure, educational status, occupational distribution.

3.5.3 Interview
To have the reliable data the visitors will be interviewed, five visitors per day for
the five days long were interviewed to study their turn out rate, and to access the problem
and prospects according to the objective predestined. This type of data helps the
researcher to identify the real problems and prospect of the Namoboudha stupa and to
analyze its threat encountered.

3.5.4 Questionnaire
It is considered as the effective tools for the collection of data. Open and Closedended structured questionnaire, schedule were used to collect the required data.
Quantitative as well as qualitative data were gathered through the questionnaire.

3.6

Analysis of Data

Simple statistical will be used for the analysis of the data had from the field these
tools include presentation through the pie chart, line graph and the bar graph.
Furthermore the calculation of average will be common through the paper. Respondents
opinion are express in percent which ease the reader to have the concept shortly. Analysis
of the data is also done in qualitative way so depict the characteristics which are likely to
bring about the successful flow of the tourist in general and domestic tourism in
particular.

4. Budget
The total cost proposed for this study has been presented in table given below:
S.N.

Description

Day

Daily Allowances for researcher

20

Daily Allowances for Field

Assistant
Traveling Expenses
Stationary cost, typing, printing,
binding, photocopy etc

3
4
5

25

Presentation Cost

Rate (NRs)

Amount (NRs)

15000

30,000.00

150.00

3,750.00

LS
LS

4,000.00
4,000.00

LS

1,000.00

Sub Total

42,750.00

Contingency @ 5% of sub total

2,137.50

Grand Total

44,887.00

In words. Forty four Thousand eight hundred and eighty seven only

5. Time Schedule
The study will be completed in five-months immediately after the date of
commencement in Mangsir 2072.
S.N.

Activities

Months
1

1.

Proposal and literature review

2.

Reconnaissance survey

3.

Data collection

4.

Analysis of data

5.

Report writing, presentation and

Submission

References
Baker, T.L. (1994). Doing social Research, Singapore: Mc Graw Hill.
Bhatta (2002). Tourism and Environment: A Quest for sustainability. New York; Indus
Publishing Company

Economic Survey, 20012/13, Ministry of Finance Government of Nepal

Kothari, C.R. (1989), Research Methodology, Method and Technology, Wiley
Eastern Pvt., New Delhi.
Lamsal, B,K. (2008). Wetland and domestic tourism in Nepal, A study on Taudaha of
Katmandu valley, A dissertation submitted to central department of
Rural Development, T.U. Kirtipur, Katmandu.
Nepal Tourism Board, (2003), Sustainable Tourism Network of Nepal , Kathmandu,
Nepal

Nyoupane, D.P.(2011), Tourism in Nepal, Prospects and Problem; A dissertation

submitted to Department of Rural Development, Kantipur College of
Business Management, Kathamndu
Pokheral, B. (2005). Social Research Methods, Dikshyanta Pustak Bhandar, Kirtipur,
Katmandu.
Sharma, P.(2003). Social Science Research Methodology, Kshitiz Prakashan, Kathmandu

Subedi, N. (1990). Nepal an overview: University Press, T.U Kirtipur, Katmandu.

Zifer, Karen. (1989). Eco tourism: The Uneasy Alliance Conservation International,
Wsashington DC

www.icimod.org
www.lawcommission.gov