C ardio

P ulmonary
R esuscitation

The presentation slides contain herein are proprietary to the St. John
Ambulance, Singapore and are for use only in the FIRST AID training courses
conducted by St. John. Reproduction in any form prohibited. NOT FOR SALE
St. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION SINGAPORE

FIRST AID TEACHING SLIDES

Compiled by: T. K. KHOO (2010)

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CPR - Ventricular Fibrillation

The heart beat is triggered by
natural electrical signals passing
through the heart in an orderly
manner.
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurs when the
hearts electrical activity becomes chaotic.
The heart then cannot pump blood.
For the casualty to survive this VF must quickly
be converted back to orderly rhythm.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

The Chain of Survival

1. Early Access
3. Early Defibrillation
(to restart heart)
Call EMS (ambulance)

2. Early CPR
(to buy time)
SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

4. Early ACLS -

Advanced Cardiac Life

Support (to stabilise)
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The Chain of Survival

These 4 steps can increase survival as

high as 90% if initiated within the first
minutes after SCA. Survival decreases
by about 10% each minute longer.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Ensure scene is safe.
Determine Unresponsiveness

Are you okay ?

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Call for Help (if no response)
Help! Call for
Ambulance, 995

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Position the casualty

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Open Airway (Head tilt, Chin lift)

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Airway Check
Check airway and
remove any obvious
foreign body. No
blind sweep

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Check for breathing
Look
Listen
Feel

up to 10 sec.

If there is breathing.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Place casualty in recovery position

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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1

One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Check for breathing
Look
Listen
Feel

Up to 10 sec.

If there is no breathing.
SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Perform 2 Rescue Breaths
Maintain Head tilt,
Chin lift
Pinch the nose
Seal casualtys
mouth with your
mouth
Give 2 short breaths
of 400 to 600 ml per
breath (1 sec. per
breath)
SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Allow lung deflation between each breath

Maintain head tilt,

Chin lift
Release the nose
after each breath to
allow air exhalation

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Check for pulse
Maintain head tilt
with 1 hand
Locate the carotid
pulse with 2 fingers
of the other hand
Check pulse
up to 10 sec.
If there is no pulse.
SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Start Chest Compression
Maintain head tilt
with 1 hand
Locate the landmark
for chest
compression.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Preparing for Compression

Slide fingers along

the rib margin up to
the notch.
Put the middle finger
on the notch and the
index finger next to it.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Preparing for Compression

Placed the heel of

the other hand on
the lower half of the
sternum, next to the
index finger.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Preparing for Compression

The hand on the

notch is then moved
to the top of the
hand on the sternum

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Preparing for Compression
Interlock the fingers
Lock elbows, arms
vertical and move
shoulders directly
over the casualtys
chest.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Begin Chest Compression
Compress 30 times to a depth
of 4 5 cm and at the rate of
approximately 100 times per
minute. Count as you compress:
1&2&3&4&5, 1&2&3&4&10, .. .
. , 1&2&3&4&30.
Give 2 ventilations to
complete the cycle of:
30 compression : 2 breaths
Perform 5 cycles
SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Re-assessment

After completing 5
cycles (approximately
2 minute) check for
return of pulse
If there is no pulse.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Continue with CPR

Continue for another 5

cycles.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Checking for return of pulse

Check pulse, (then

breathing) after every 5
cycles of
compression/ventilation.

If there is pulse.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Check for return of breathing
Look
Listen
Feel

up to 10 sec.

If there is breathing.

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Check for other injuries
Place casualty in recovery position

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Check for return of breathing

Look
Listen
Feel

up to 10 sec.

If there is no breathing.
SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

Perform Rescue Breathing

Give 1 rescue breath of

400 to 600 ml of air once
every 5 seconds.
(After each breath count
2-a-thousand, 3-athousand, 4-a-thousand,
5-a-thousand.)
After 1 min (12 breaths),
re-assess for pulse and
breathing.
SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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One Rescuer CPR for Adult

If pulse and breathing are present,
check for other injuries
Place casualty in recovery position

SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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SJAA CardioPulmonary Resuscitation

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