IA#2:

Article 1: Emerald Article: Leadership the five big ideas

Author. Robert J. Allio
The articles main purpose was to convey a message for those who wish to become
a leader and current leaders who also aspire to improve their performances and
apply best leadership practices. (Allio, 2009, p.4), expressed the use of five big
research ideas by identifying the nature of a leader and the criteria required to
become a leader. (Allio, 2009, p.4), he argues that good leaders have both
Competence and ethical- this means lacking one of those skills would not be
sufficient to becoming a good leader, he added that good leaders have a clear
exciting idea of where they are going and what they are trying to accomplish,
rather than their commitment in the enterprises strategy implementation. Allio
theorizes that there is no best way to lead as there is no approach to a single model
that fits all situations but defines how to lead effectively depend on the
organizations Culture and values, the behavior of the followers, the personal traits
of the leader, the strategy to be implemented, the resources available for the task,
the urgency of the challenge, and the externalities facing the organization (Allio,
2009, p.6). Teamwork is a major role that the leader must pay attention, he has to
build a strong relationship with subordinates, clients and stakeholders, Allio
mentioned that the leader should also have a nature to classify conflict of interest
among staff and stakeholders (Allio, 2009, p.7) . Alio explains that good leaders
have the feelings to accept change which is single key competence for a leader
(Allio, 2009, p.7). In addition to that, is Leadership self-made phenomenon?
According to Shakespeares cited in Allio (some are born great, some achieve
greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them). (Allio, 2009, p.8), he
believed the idea of being born to lead which has two possible meaning-either being
born to a great position through hereditary or possession natural talents but Allio
opposed the idea of Shakespeare and pointing that all men and women can make
themselves in to leaders escaping the handicaps of their own personal history and
the constraints of their environment, this is everyman theory (Charan, 2008.) of
leadership- based on dubious thesis that any manager can and should become a
leader- the truth is leadership can be learned through performing leadership act and
constant practice, the same have believed by James Caan noting that "Leadership
can be an incredibly hard concept to define and an even harder quality to learn.
There are some who argue that great leaders are born, but I have always believed
that you can learn and develop the necessary skills through hard work and
experience." (Osteryoung, 2013).
Article 2: Teaching the art and craft of given and receiving feedback
Author. (Particia L. Harms, 2010)
This articles main points discussed are as follow:Studies teaching of business communication related to feedback or performance
evaluation of employees in an organization.

Discusses the importance of feedback in both managerial level and staff in the
workplace.
Explains four models of performance feedback used in the workplace and scholarly
institutions industry.
Feedback is a key fundamental in the business process, it allows a better
understanding of whats expected of employees in the organization, it will refer a
broader evaluation and discussion between Supervisors (work managers) and their
subordinates, it encompasses sharing strengths and weaknesses and also improving
those stated weaknesses. It will lead a better performance, it will improve situations
that needs to be worked on through feedback by cooperating with one another to
find solutions (Particia L. Harms, 2010). Feedback is an important element to any
circumstances. To provide feedback to employees will enhances organizational
growth and development. Harms and Roebuck believed that it will increase
employees morale and reduce confusing regarding expectations and current
performance. (Harms & Roebuck , 2010) .Feedback among staff members with their
managers or supervisors can be done in to four ways as stated by Asmu, He
declared that it can only be positively or negatively and directory or indirectly. He
added that conveying or feedback responses must reliable which makes the
feedback more dependable as it will assist staff members by making their
expectations more predictable. (Asmu, 2010). The article teaches that there are
two kinds of performance feedback, first. It can be used in the scholarly institutions
whereby teachers will give feedback their students to strengthen and encourage
their student positive aspects in the learning period while the second one applies
employees in the workplaces and must clearly designed because if the mechanism
are not well designed they may not be taken seriously (Clausen et al., 2008).

Article 3: