10.

2 DESIGN OF RAFT SLAB

To achieve the pressure under raft foundation sufficiently below the soil bearing capacity,
the basement plan area is increased for provision of raft foundation.
CALCULATION OF C.G. OF PLAN AREA
Total area = 22.32 x 8.05 + 10.38 x 3.66 x 2 = 255.541 m2
Taking moment of area about base line A-A
MA-A = 22.32 x 8.05 x 22.32 / 2 + 3.66 x 10.38 x 10.38 / 2 +3.66 x 10.38 x (11.94 + 10.38
/ 2)
= 2851.84 m3
X= MA-A / Total area

= 11.16 m

X = 11.16 1

= 10.16 m from Grid A-A

Taking moment of area about base line 1-1

M1-1 = 22.32 x 8.05 x 8.05 / 2 + 3.66 x 10.38 x (8.05 + 3.66 / 2)
= 1472.53 m3
Y

= M1-1 / Total area

= 5.76 m

= 5.76 1

= 4.76 m from Grid 1-1

CALCULATION OF C.G. OF LOADING

Total load = 1078 + 1121 + 1089 + 1097 + 1337 + 1108 + 1105 + 1311 + 1596 + 1314 +
1281 + 1194 + 1645 + 1369 + 1310 + 1321 + 1603 + 1318 + 1313 + 1598 +
1395 + 1281 + 1294 +1386
= 31463.082 kN
Total moment of load about grid A-A
MA-A = (1337 + 1108 + 1108 + 1311)x 4.5 + (1596 + 1314 + 1281 + 1194 ) x 8.38 + (1645
+ 1369 + 1310 + 1321) x 11.938 + (1603 + 1318 + 1313 + 1598) x 15.824 + (1395
+ 1281 + 1294 +1386) x 20.32 = 335507.40 kNm
107

X = MA-A / Total load

= 10.66 m

Total moment of load about grid 1-1

M1-1 = (1121 + 1108 + 1314 + 1369 + 1318 + 1218) x 3.658 + (1089 + 1105 + 1281 +
1310 + 1313 + 1294) x 6.046 + (1097 + 1311 + 1194 + 1321 + 1598 + 1386) x
9.704
= 148897.68 kNm
Y

= M1-1 / Total load

= 4.73 m

CALCULATION OF ECENTRICITY DUE TO LOAD

ex = 10.16 10.66

= -0.50 m

ey = 4.73 4.76

= -0.03 m

CALCULATION OF MOMENT DUE TO ECENTRICITY

Adding 10% for self weight of foundation
Q = 1.1 x 31463.08

= 34609.39 kN

M = Q x ex

= -17443.13 kNm

M = Q x ey

= -1051.88 kNm

CALCULATION OF MOMENTS OF INERTIAS

Ixx = 22.32 x 8.053 / 12 + 22.32 x 8.05 x (5.76 4.02)2 + 10.38 x 3.663 /12 + 10.38 x
3.66 (9.88 5.76)2 x 2
= 2839.19 m4
Iyy = 8.05 x 22.323 / 12 + 8.05 x 22.32 x (11.16 11.16)2 + 3.66 x 10.383 / 12 + 3.66 x
10.38 x (5.19 11.16)2 + 3.66 x 10.38 x (17.13 11.16)2
= 10502.885 m4

108

SOIL PRESSURE CALCULATION

Soil pressure at different points is given by the formula
q =

Q
A

34609.39
255.54

Mx
Ix

17443.13
2839.19

Mx
Iy

1051.88
10502.88

xX

xY

= 135.4355 -6.144 x X -0.10 x Y

Where X & Y are the respective distance from c.g. to corresponding points.

Soil pressure distribution is given by,

q = 135.4335 -6.144 x X -0.10 x Y
For corner, F-1, qF-1= 135.4335+ -6.144 x 10.16 + -0.10 x 4.762

= 72.539 kN/m2

For corner, A-1, qA-1 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x -10.16 + -0.10 x 4.762 = 197.379 kN/m2
For grid, F-2, qF-2

= 135.4335+ -6.144 x10.16 + -0.10 x 1.104 = 72.905 kN/m2

For grid, A-2, qA-2 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x-10.16 + -0.10 x 1.104 = 197.745 kN/m2
For grid, F-3, qF-3 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x10.16 + -0.10 x -1.284= 73.144 kN/m2
For grid, A-3, qA-3 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x-10.16 + -0.10 x -1.284 = 197.984 kN/m2
For grid, F-4, qF-4

= 135.4335+ -6.144 x10.16 + -0.10 x -4.942 = 73.51 kN/m2

For grid, A-4, qA-4 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x-10.16 + -0.10 x -4.942 = 198.35 kN/m2
For grid, B-1, qB-1 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x-5.664 + -0.10 x 4.762 = 169.756 kN/m2
For grid, B-4, qB-4 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x-5.664 + -0.10 x -4.492 = 170.728 kN/m2
For grid, C-1, qC-1 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x-1.778 + -0.10 x 4.762= 145.882 kN/m2
For grid, C-4, qC-4 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x-1.778 + -0.10 x -4.492 = 146.854 kN/m2
For grid,D-1, qD-1 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x 1.774 + -0.10 x 4.762= 124.035 kN/m2
109

For grid, D-4, qD-4 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x 1.774 + -0.10 x -4.942 = 125.005 kN/m2
For grid, E-1, qE-1 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x 5.664 + -0.10 x4.762 = 100.161 kN/m2
For grid, E-4, qE-4 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x 5.664 + -0.10 x -4.942 = 101.133 kN/m2
For grid, C-2, qC-2 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x-1.778 + -0.10 x 1.104 = 146.248 kN/m2
For grid, D-2, qD-2 = 135.4335+ -6.144 x 1.778 + -0.10 x 1.104 = 124.401 kN/m2

Maximum soil pressure is at corner A

qmax

= 135.44 + -6.144 x -10.16 + -0.10 x -4.94

= 198.35 kN / m3

IN X-DIRECTION THE RAFT IS DIVIDED IN FIVE STRIPS, i.e. FOUR

EQUIVALENT BEAMS:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Beam 4-4 with 2.83 m width and soil pressure of

198.35 kN / m2
Beam 3-3 with 3.02 m width and soil pressure of 0.5x(198.35+197.98) =
198.17 kN/m2
Beam 2-2 with 3.02 m width and soil pressure of 0.5x(197.98+197.74) =
197.86 kN/m2
Beam 1-1 with 2.83 m width and soil pressure of 0.5x(197.74+197.38) =
197.56 kN/m2

The bending moment is obtained by using a coefficient of 1/10 and L as centre column
distance,
+M = - M = w x L2/ 10
For strip 4-4 Maximum moment = 198.35x4.52/10 = 400.95 kNm/m
For strip 3-3 Maximum moment = 198.17x4.52/10 = 400.58 kNm/m
For strip 2-2 Maximum moment = 197.86x4.52/10 = 399.96 kNm/m
For strip 1-1 Maximum moment = 197.56x4.52/10 = 399.35 kNm/m

110

IN Y-DIRECTION THE RAFT IS DIVIDED IN SIX STRIPS,i.e. SIX

EQUIVALENT BEAMS:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

Beam A-A with 3.25 m width and soil pressure of

198.35 kN/m2
Beam B-B with 4.19 m width and soil pressure of 0.5x(198.35+170.73)
= 184.54 kN/m2
Beam C-C with 3.72 m width and soil pressure of 0.5x(170.73+146.85)
= 158.79 kN/m2
Beam D-D with 3.72 m width and soil pressure of 0.5 x (146.85+125.01)
= 135.93 kN/m2
Beam E-E with 4.19 m width and soil pressure of 0.5 x (125.01+101.13)
= 113.07 kN/m2
Beam F-F with 3.25 m width and soil pressure of 0.5 x (101.13+73.51)
= 87.32 kN/m2

The bending moment is obtained by using a coefficient of 1/10 and L as centre of column
distance,
+M = -M = w x L2/10
For strip A-A Maximum moment = 198.35 x 3.662 / 10 = 265.41 kNm/m
For strip B-B Maximum moment = 184.54 x 3.662 / 10 = 246.93 kNm/m
For strip C-C Maximum moment = 158.79 x 3.662 / 10 = 212.48 kNm/m
For strip D-D Maximum moment = 135.93 x 3.662 / 10 = 181.89 kNm/m
For strip E-E Maximum moment = 113.07 x 3.662 / 10 = 151.30 kNm/m
For strip F-F Maximum moment = 87.32 x 3.662 / 10 = 116.84 kNm/m

The depth of raft foundation will be governed by two way shear at one of the exterior
columns. In case location of critical shear is not obvious, it may be necessary to check all
possible locations.
Shear strength of concrete tc = 0.25 x fck1/2 = 0.25 x 201/2 = 1.12 N/mm2

111

FOR A CORNER COLUMN A-4 (GREATEST CORNER LOAD i.e. 1097 kN)
Perimeter b0 = 2 x ( d/2 + 1000 + 400/2 ) = d + 2400 mm
tV

Vu
b0x d

1096.96 x 1000
=1.12
( d +2400 ) x d

or, d2 + 2400 d 981151.746

=0

or, d = 356.0051 mm or -2756.01 mm

d = 356.0051 mm
FOR A CORNER COLUMN F-1 (GREATEST CORNER LOAD i.e. 1395 KN)
Perimeter b0 = 2 x ( d/2 + 1000 + 400/2 ) = d + 2400 mm
tV=

Vu
b0x d

1395 x 1000
=1.12
( d+ 2400 ) x d

or, d2 + 2400 d 1247691.943

=0

or, d = 439.42 mm or -2839.42 mm

d = 439.42 mm
FOR A SIDE COLUMN D-1 (GREATEST SIDE LOAD i.e. 1645 kN)
Perimeter b0 = 2 x ( d/2 + 1000 + 400/2 ) + (d + 1000) = 2 d + 3400 mm
tV

Vu
b0x d

1645 x 1000
=1.12
( 2 d +3400 ) x d

or, 2d2 + 3400 d 1471367.612

=0

or, d = 357.5528 mm or -3788.39 mm

d = 357.5528 mm
Let us adopt an effective depth d = 450 mm
And overall depth

D = 500 mm

112

CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcement in the long direction i.e. along grid 1-1 given by
B.M. = 0.87 x fy x Ast x (d -

fy x Ast
fck x b

)
415 x Ast
20 x 1000

Or, 400.95 x 106= 0.87 x 415 x Ast x (450 -

Or, 400.95 x 106= 162472.50 x Ast 7.492 x Ast2

Or, 7.492 x Ast2 162472.5 x Ast + 400.946 x 102 = 0
Solving this equation as quadratic equation which is quadratic in Ast
Ast = 18847.166 mm2& 2839.581 mm2
Taking smaller area of steel i.e.Ast = 2839.581 mm2 per m width of slab
Hence, provide 20 mm @ 110 mm c/c having area 2856 mm2 at top and bottom in
both direction .
Minimum reinforcement in slab = 0.12% = 0.12 / 100 x 500 x 1000
= 600 mm2/m
Reinforcement in the short direction i.e. along grid A-A is given by
B.M. = 0.87 x fy x Ast x (d -

fy x Ast
fck x b

Or, 265.412 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x ( 450 -

415 x Ast
20 x 1000

Or, 265.412 x 106 = 162472.5 x Ast 7.492 x Ast2

Or, 7.492 x Ast2 162472.5 x Ast + 265.412 x 106 = 0
Solving the equation as quadratic equation is quadratic in Ast
Aat = 19907.13 mm2& 1779.617 mm2

113

Taking smaller area of steel i.e. Ast = 1779.617 mm2 per m width of slab.
Hence, provide 20 mm bar @ 170 mm c/c having area 1848 mm2 at top and bottom in
both direction.

114