Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Security
Access to fiber/copper
Accessibility
No Foreign Services
Visibility
Reliability
Tier 1
Single Path cooling & electrical
No redundancy
99.671% availability (28 hours/year)
Tier 2
Single Path cooling & electrical
Redundant capacity, single path
Raised floor, UPS, engine generator
99.741% availability (22 hours/year)
Tier 3
Active & Passive delivery paths
Redundant Capacity
Concurrently maintainable9
99.982% availability (1.6 hours/year)
Tier 4
Dual active delivery paths
N+1 redundancy
Concurrently maintainable
99.995% availability (.4 hours/year)
Clean out your desk!
Power Distribution
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Power Distribution
Design Considerations
Does electrical service have adequate capacity?
Need at least one feed from building utility
service.
Distribution type panel on output of transfer
switch
Power Distribution
Rules of Thumb
200-400 watts/sq f.t total electrical load for
data center including A/C
Cost is dependent on distance from service.
Emergency Generator
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Emergency Generator
Design Considerations
Powers A/C, UPS, lights & other critical equip.
Fuel choice natural gas vs. diesel
Transfer switch programmed transition
Indoor vs. Outdoor
Accessories heater, charger, etc
Emergency Generator
Rules of Thumb
Size the generator 2-3 times the KW of
UPS/equipment load.
Estimate $250-$300/KW for installed price
...brown cant do
this for you.
...brown cant do
this for you.
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
UPS
Design Considerations
Required watts.
Actual vs. rated loads
Availability N, N+1, 2N
Single Unit vs multiple, rack mounted UPS
Dual Conversion vs. standby
Location
Battery type, time, weight
Bypass static and wrap-around
Flywheel Technology
Limit battery recharge when on generator
UPS
Rules of Thumb
70-100 watts/s.f. for standard equipment
layout. Can go up to 200-300 watts/s.f.
5-7 years life for maintenance free batteries
and 10-14 years for lead-acid batteries.
$500-$800 per KW.
3 ft. maintenance clearance required in front
and possibly on the sides
Air Conditioning
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Air Conditioning
Design Considerations
Sawcut for Drains
Redundancy N+1, 2N
Clearance Around Units (maintenance)
Outdoor Condensing Units
Humidity concerns
Refrigerant preferred over chilled water
Air Conditioning
Rules of Thumb
$800-1000 per KW of electric load. ($1600-2000
for 2N redundancy)
Footprint up to 20 s.f. each for up to approximately
100 kw.
18 is minimum preferred height for raised flooring.
Fire Detection
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Fire Detection
Design Considerations
Standard smoke detectors vs. VESDA
Smoke detectors not required beneath raised floor
Rules of Thumb
Approx. $150 per device for standard fire alarm
system
Approx. $5/s.f. for VESDA
Fire Suppression
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Fire Suppression
Design Considerations
Wet system acceptable no piping in data center
FM200 has replaced Halon as agent
Rules of Thumb
Cost - $35,000 for 1,000 s.f. and $10,000 for each
additional 1,000 s.f.
Need space for control panel and tanks. Plan on 4
s.f. for the tank per 1,000 s.f. of data center.
Security
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Security
Racks
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Rack - Enclosures
Design Considerations
Hot aisle cold aisle lay out
3 min. working clearance on both front and back
Include cable management vertical /horizontal
Avoid heat dams caused by cabling in rear of rack
Rack-Enclosures
Rules of Thumb
Costs Up to $3,500 for specialized racks
Can include UPS, A/C, and monitoring
Sizes 24-32 widths, 30-44 depths
Cable management can help air flow
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Design Considerations
# of servers/circuit/rack ensure plug strips have enough plugs
Is monitoring of load on each circuit required? Can be
accomplished at panel or at plugstrip. Access info via local
readout or by web server
Branch circuit wiring typically run beneath raised floor.
Power distribution can be built-in in some racks.
Blade servers will require a 208 volt feed instead of 120v.
Dual corded loads and 2N redundancy
Rules of Thumb
Approx. 4-6 1U servers for each 20 amp circuit
Approx. $350 per 20 amp circuit run from panelboard
to rack
Approx. $300 each for vertical plug strips in rack.
Cable Trays
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Cable Trays
Design Considerations
Data cabling overhead power wiring below
Wire basket type tray or traditional steel/aluminum
ladder type.
Cabling can be integrated into racks
Rules of Thumb
$20-$30 per lin. foot cost for basket tray (84)
$40-$60 per lin. foot for ladder type tray.
Monitoring
Design Considerations
Monitoring
Design Considerations
Provide for monitoring/annunciators on critical systems
like UPS, generator, fire alarm, fire suppression, air
conditioning, and batteries.
Control panel on equipment is most cost-effective and is
typically included with equipment.
SNMP available for most equipment.
HTML available for monitoring of most equipment
Often the first item cut for cost savings.
Raised Floor
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Raised Floor
Design Considerations
Adequate space for wiring and air flow. 18 is minimum
Include grounding of pedestals.
Ramp will be required for ADA. 1:12 slope means an 18
ramp is required for 18 raised floor
Consider depressed slab so ramp is not required
NEC requires removal of abandoned cable when doing any
renovations.
Include 20% perforated tiles for air distribution in front of
racks.
Raised Floor
Rules of Thumb
Approx. $25/s.f. + $5-$10,000 for ramp
General Construction
Design Considerations
Rules of Thumb
Fees/Permits/Gen. Items
General Construction
Rules of Thumb
Data center should a have vapor barrier for humidity
control.
What level of security is needed? CMU vs. Stud/Drywall
Ancillary Spaces Needed?
Staff workstations
Storage
Rooms for UPS, Fire suppression, etc
General Construction
Rules of Thumb
Approximately $150 per s.f. for new construction of
the ancillary spaces (outside of data center)
Approximately $40-$80 s.f. for remodeling existing
spaces new floors, ceilings, lights, etc
General Construction
Fees/Permits/General Items
If replacing an existing data center, include costs for
move/changeover to new location
Arch/Engr fees 8-12% of construction costs.
General Conditions: Mobilization, fees, permits, utilities by
general contractor 5-10% of construction costs.
Contingency: include costs for unforeseen conditions. 10%
for cost estimates and 3-5% after bidding.
Existing conditions
Program
Location
Costs
Existing conditions
Program
Location
Costs
Bidding - Costs
- Total Costs
Bidding - Costs
Electrical Costs
200 KW Generator
$48,000
$ 5,650
Cable Tray
$ 1,300
$27,350
80 KW UPS (alternate)
$40,600
Total Electrical
$82,300
$137/sq ft
$ 62/sq ft.
- Total Costs
Bidding - Costs
Mechanical Costs
(2) A/C units, 77 KW capacity each -
$128,000
Sprinklers -
3,000
Misc. piping, -
9,500
Total Mechanical -
$132,260
$ 99 /sq ft.
- Total Costs
Bidding - Costs
General Construction Costs
Raised floor 600 sq ft.
$21,000
$23,000
$44,000
$73 /sq ft
$33 /sq ft
- Total Costs
Bidding - Costs
Miscellaneous Costs
Equipment Racks - $5,000.00 allowance to be
purchased direct by IWU.
Card Access - $2,500.00 allowance for 1 card
reader to be purchased direct by owner
- Total Costs
Bidding - Costs
Overhead/Fees/Contingency Costs
Construction management fees -
$21,500
$28,500
Contingency -
$ 5,800
$ 1,250
$57,050
$95 /sq ft
- Total Costs
Bidding - Costs
Total Construction Costs
Electrical
$ 83,000
Mechanical
$132,260
General Construction
$ 44,000
Misc. Equipment
Overhead/Fees/Contingency
$ 57,050
Total
$323,810
$540 /sq ft
$243 /sq ft
- Total Costs
7,500
Thank you!