Tipos de materiales

Aluminio
Acero
Titanio
Materiales compuestos
-

Fibra carbono
Vidrio

Para el aion se utiliza diferentes tipos de aluminios, segn la posicin de las

alas y lo que se ocupe, aparte del tipo del aluminio existe un detivado posterior
al tipo de aluminio que dice que tratamiento tiene el aluminio ( ejemplo:2024T3).

Tipos de aluminio a utilizar

2024:
Es una aleacin de cobre con magnecio que es la mejor para efectos de fatiga,
es tratada con t3 y t4, y por lo general se utiliza en la parte baja de las alas y
en las partes altas del estabilizador, se utiliza en menor porcin en la piel del
avin para mayor resistencia.
7075:
Tambin aleacin cobre con magnesio pero con zinc , esta es utilizada en la
parte alta de los aviones y en la parte baja de los estabilizadores y se hace
toda la estructura del avin, tiene tratamiento de t73
7178:
Aleacion cobre magnecio y Zinc, suele utilizarse para condiciones de fuerte
compresin, por lo general se trata con 7075-t6
356:
Piezas fundidas
ALLOYS
2024-T3

PRODUCT
FORMS
PLATE/EXTRUSIO
N

MAJOR
APLICATIONS
LOWER WING
SURFACE UPPER
HORIZONTAL TAIL
SURFACE

USAGE
RATIONALE
HIGH FATIGUE
AND FRACTURE
PROPERTIES
WITH ADEGUATE
TENSILE
STRENGTH AND
CORRISION
PROPERTIES

7178/7075-T6

PLATE/EXTRUSIO
N

LOWER WING
SURFACE UPPER
HORIZONTAL TAIL
SURFACE

2024-T3

SHEET

BODY

7075-T6

PLATE/EXTRUSIO
N

VERTICAL TAIL

7178/7075-T6

EXTRUSION

KEEL BEAM
CHORD

7075-T13

FORGING/EXTRUS
ION

WING AND BODY

BULKHEADS AND
FITTINGS

HIGH
COMPRESSION
YIELD WITH
ADEQUATE
FATIGUE,
FRACTURE AND
CORROSION
PROPERTIES
HIGH FATIGUE
AND FRACTURE
PROPERTIES
WITH ADEQUATE
STRENGTJ
(TENSIBLE,
COMPRESSION
AND SHEAR) AND
CORROSION
PROPERTIES
HIGH STRENGTH
(TENSILE,
COMPRESSION
AND SHEAR) WIH
ADEGUATE
FATIGUE
FRACTURE AND
CORROSION
PROPERTIES
HIGH
COMPRESSION
STRENGTH WITH
ADEGUATE
FATIGUE
CORROSION AND
FRACTURE
PROPERTIES
EXCELLENT
RESISTANCE TO
STRESS AND
EXFOLIATION
CORROSION AND
EXFOLIATION
CORROSION AND
ADEQUATE
STRENGTH,
FATIGUE AND
FRACTURE
PROPETIES

356/A356/A357

CASTING

HIDRAULIC
MANIFOLDS AND
CONTROL
LINKAGES

LOWER COST
THAT FORGINGD
WITH ADEQUATE
PROPETILES

24 de febrero de 2015
MATERIALS AMUMINUM ALLOY HEAT TREATMENT
Aluminum Alloy Heat Treatment
The primary operations or processes in the heat treatment of an aluminum
alloy are solution heat treatment and age hardening.
Solution treatment consists of heating the aluminum part to 800 to 900
degress Fahrenheit (depending on the alloy), holding at that temperatura long
enough to alllow constituents to enter into solid solution, and then part rapidly
enough to hold the constituents in solution. Occasionally parts are queched in
hot water to reduce the resultant part distortion or warp. Hot water quenching
should not be allowed with 2024 alloys since the reduced cooling rate lowers
the resistance of 2024 material to exfoliation corrosin.
The part is then aged to increase its strength. Some alloys will naturally age ar
room teperature whitch must be artificially age at room temperatura which
generally requires 96 hours. Other alloys and tempers must be artificially aged
in an oven. The artificial aging temperaturas vary from 250 to 350 degrees F.
depending on the alloy and temper condition desired over a much shorter time.
An abbreviated chart of the aluminum temper designation system is shown.
The only heat treat designations that Boeing or the Airlines can accomplish are
the T42, -T62 or the T73 conditions.
-T6:
STANDARD HEAT TREATED DESIGNATION
1:
INDICATES MINOR STRAIGHTENING USE TO MEET STRAIGHTNESS AND
FLATNESS TOLERANCES. THIS DIGIT IS A O IF NO STRAIGHTENING IS ALLOWED.
1:
MATERIAL WAS STRETCHED TO ACCOMPLISH STRESS RELIEF THE DIGIT 2
WOULD BE USED HERE WHEN COMPRESSIVE METHODS ARE USED.
5:
INDICATES MATERIAL HAS BEEN STRESS RELIEVED
TEMPEPR DESIGNATION
-T3: solution heat-treated and naturally aged to a substantially stable condition.
Applies to products which are cold worked to improve strength after solution
heat-treatment.
-T4: solution heat-treated and naturally aged to a substamtially stable
condition. Applies to products which are not cold worked after solution headtreatment.

-T42: solution heat-treated and naturally aged by the user. Applies to 2024-0
and 6061.0.
-T62: solution heat-treated and artificially aged by user. Applies to a numer of
alloys such as 2024, 6061, and 7075 which have been heat-treated and aged
by the user.
-T73: solution heat-treated and overaged. This temper applies to several 7000
series alloys and indicates a greater degree of overaging required for higher
stress corrosin resistance. Material in this temper is also immune to exfoliation
corrosin. As applied to the 7075 or 7175 temper ir virtually immune to stress
corrosin.
MATERIALS STATIC STRENGTH
The static strength requirements of metallic structure can best be explained
through the use of stress-strain curves.
The modulus of elasticity (E) is the slope of the curve in the elastic range
during which the strain is directly proportional to the stress.
The tensile yield strength (Fty) is the stress level at which the metal reaches its
mximum measurable elastic as a permanent deformation of .002 in/in.
The ultimate tensile strength (Ftu) is the mximum stress level observed prior
to fracture or failure of the metal.