Sheet (2): Temperature Measurements & Sensors.

A) Questions:
1) Briefly define temperature, how can it be measured?
2) What are the applications of temperature measurements?
3) What are the theories and principles of temperature measurements?
4) Make a comparison between expansion of solid rod, liquid with temperature.
5) Make a comparison between RTD, thermistors and thermocouples.
6) Briefly discuss thermocouples laws?
7) What are the types of thermocouples?
8) Briefly discuss how to use thermocouples tables.
9) Briefly discuss the radiation pyrometry principles?
10)

Define blackbody radiation and give an example.

11)

One of the advantages of pyrometer is that the measurement is independent of

the distance from the object, Explain.

12)

Compare between hand-held, chopper and filament pyrometer.

B) Problems:
1) If the measured temperature from a thermistor was 300 oC, what is the equivalent
temperature in kelvin and Fahrenheit?
2) Express the freezing and boiling points of water in Celsius, Kelvin and Fahrenheit.
3) A given steel rod of length 65 cm at room temperature (20 oC), if this rod is heated to
a temperature of (100 oC, 150 oC, 200 oC, 300 oC and 600 oC) what are the
corresponding new length. ( = 6.7 10-6 for steel).
4) If we have a mercury of volume 60 cm3 at temperature 40 oC, this is heated to an
elevated temperature of 170 oC. what will be the new volume and the change in
height of liquid if the cross section area was 75 mm2. ( = 0.56 10-4 for mercury).

5) For copper RTD it has a wire resistance of 50 Ohm at 0 oC, the measured values of
resistance with different temperatures were represented by this table:
Temperature (C)
Resistance (Ohm)

15
53

30
55

45
60

60
61

75
69

90
68

105
73

120
75

a) Find the actual values of resistances. ( = 0.0043 for copper).

b) Calculate the mean absolute error and find the correlation factor.
c) Find the sensitivity of this RTD.
d) Make a plot for the measured and actual values on same graph.
6)

7) For the previous problem use a Wheatstone bridge for calculating the actual and
measured corresponding voltages if (Vs = 12 V, R1, R2 and R3 = 10, 20 and 30 Ohm
respectively), then make a plot for the measured and actual values on same graph,
what did you notice from the graph.
8) The output e.m.f. from a chromelalumel thermocouple (type K), with its reference
junction maintained at 0C, is 12.207 mV. What is the measured temperature?
9) The output e.m.f. from a nicrosilnisil thermocouple (type N), with its reference
junction maintained at 0C, is 4.21 mV. What is the measured temperature?
10)

A platinum/10% rhodiumplatinum (type S) thermocouple is used to measure the

temperature of a furnace. The output e.m.f., with the reference junction maintained
at 50C, is 5.975 mV. What is the temperature of the furnace?

11)

In a particular industrial situation, a nicrosilnisil thermocouple with nicrosilnisil

extension wires is used to measure the temperature of a fluid. In connecting up this

measurement system, the instrumentation engineer responsible has inadvertently
interchanged the extension wires from the thermocouple. The ends of the extension
wires are held at a reference temperature of 0C and the output e.m.f. measured is
21.0 mV. If the junction between the thermocouple and extension wires is at a
temperature of 50C, what temperature of fluid is indicated and what is the true fluid
temperature?

Good Luck
Eng. Yahya Abdulhameed

Dr. Refaat Khater