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Transformers
Reactors
The
need for large shunt reactors appeared when long
power transmission lines for system voltage
220
kV & higher were built. The characteristic
parameters of a line are the series inductance
(due
to the magnetic field around the conductors) & the
shunt capacitance (due to the electrostatic field
to earth). An equivalent diagram for a line is
show in the figure below
Both the inductance & the capacitance are
distributed along the length of the line. So
are the series
resistance and the admittance
to earth. When the line is loaded, there is a
voltage drop along the
line due to the series
inductance and the series resistance. When the
line is energized but not
loaded or only loaded
with a small current, there is a voltage rise
along the line (the Ferrantieffect)
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