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INDICE
I.
INTRODUCCIN.................................................................2
II.
OBJETIVOS.......................................................................3
III.
MARCO TERICO..............................................................4
FRMULA DE DARCY-WEISBACH............................................................4
INVESTIGACIONES EXPERIMENTALES SOBRE LAS PRDIDAS POR
FRICCIN EN TUBOS..............................................................................5
IV.
EQUIPOS Y MATERIALES...................................................7
V.
PROCEDIMIENTO..............................................................9
TOMA DE DATOS............................................................10
GRFICOS...................................................................15
CONCLUCIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES............................24
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
I.
INTRODUCCIN
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
II.
OBJETIVOS
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
L V2
D 2g
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
y del
Re =
VD
v
64
64
V
=
h f =32 vL
Re VD /v
gD2
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
f=
0.3164
Re 1/ 4
de
contra
Re
en
tubos
lisos,
que
O bien:
R f
1
=2 log e
2.51
f
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
Manmetro de agua
Manmetro diferencial de
Mercurio
Termmetro
Probeta Graduada
Cronometro
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
V.
PROCEDIMIENTO
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
VOLUM
EN(ml)
TIEM
PO
(s)
CAUDAL
(m3/s)
CAUDAL
PROMEDIO
(m3/s)
LECTURAS DEL
MANOMETRO
DE AGUA
h1
(mm. c.
H2O)
184
90.73
2.02800x10-6
183
90.70
2.01764x10-6
185
90.97
2.03364 x10-
300
80.14
3.74345x10-6
300
80.49
3.72717x10-6
300
80.26
3.73785x10-6
300
60.52
4.95704x10-6
300
60.61
4.94968x10-6
300
60.72
4.94071x10-6
315
50.56
6.23022x10-6
320
50.71
6.31039x10-6
315
50.68
6.21547x10-6
375
40.74
9.20471x10-6
378
41.01
9.21726x10-6
372
40.43
9.20109x10-6
360
31.03
11.6017x10-6
355
30.55
11.6203x10-6
360
30.89
11.6543x10
PERDI
DA DE
CARGA
(m)
h2
(mm. c.
H2O)
2.02642x10-6
280
265
0.015
284
253
0.019
285
242
0.043
288
227
0.061
304
172
0.132
320
115
0.205
3.73616x10-6
4.94914x10-6
6.25203x10-6
9.20769x10-6
11.6254x10-6
-6
DATOS
Longitud de tubera de prueba L= 50 cm. =0.5 m
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
VOLUM
EN
(ml)
170
TIEMP
O
(s)
40.49
CAUDAL
(m3/s)
163
39.12
LECTURAS
DEL
MANOMETRO
DE AGUA
PERDIDA
DE CARGA
(m. c. H2O)
h1
(mm. c.
Hg)
h2
(mm. c.
Hg)
4.16506x10-
206
211
0.068
9.96432x10-
200
214
0.1904
15.4425x10-
193
221
0.3808
24.4615x10-
176
237
0.8296
27.5426x10-
169
245
1.0336
56.2454x10-
72
351
3.7944
4.19857x10
-6
CAUDAL
PROMEDIO
(m3/s)
4.16667x10
-6
150
36.32
4.12996x10
-6
186
18.70
9.94652x10
-6
2
175
17.53
9.98289x10
-6
164
16.46
9.96355x10
-6
248
16.01
15.4903x10
-6
3
195
12.64
15.4272x10
-6
235
15.25
15.4098x10
-6
230
9.41
24.4421x10
-6
4
201
8.22
24.4526x10
-6
216
8.82
24.4898x10
-6
210
7.63
27.5229x10
-6
5
388
14.08
27.5568x10
-6
273
9.91
27.5479x10
-6
455
8.09
56.2423x10
-6
6
411
7.31
56.2244x10
MECANICA DE FLUIDOS II
-6
543
9.65
56.2694x10
-6
DATOS
Longitud de tubera de prueba L= 50 cm. =0.5 m
Dimetro interior del tubo de prueba Di= 4 mm. = 0.004 m
rea del dimetro interior= 1.26 X 10-5 m2
Temperatura = 21C
v =0.979x10-6
Viscosidad cinemtica del agua a 22C -->
(m2/s)
VELOCIDA
D
V (m/s)
V2
(m2/s2)
PERDIDA
DE CARGA
hf
(m)
Re
0.015
0.0905397
2
671.90720
7
-6
0.16125773
0.0260040
6
3.7362 x10-6
0.29731395
4
0.0883955
9
0.031
0.0550452
8
1238.8081
4
4.9491 x10-6
0.39384027
9
0.1551101
7
0.043
0.0435128
2
1641.0011
6
6.2520 x10-6
0.49752056
9
0.2475267
2
0.061
0.0386809
2
2073.0023
7
9.2077 x10-6
0.73272456
2
0.5368852
8
0.132
0.0385905
9
3053.0190
1
11.625 x10-6
0.92512066
6
0.8558482
5
0.205
0.0375963
8
3854.6694
4
2.0264 x10
LogV
Loghf
Logf
LogRe
0.7924794
6
0.5267847
1
0.4046798
7
0.3031889
6
0.1350592
5
0.0338016
2
1.8239087
4
1.5086383
1
1.3665315
4
1.2146701
6
0.8794260
7
0.6882461
4
1.0431608
3
2.8273092
99
-1.
2592799
3.0930040
52
1.3613828
2
1.4125032
6
1.4135185
8
1.4248539
1
3.2151088
89
3.3165997
98
3.4847295
08
3.5859871
41
Estos valores son obtenidos de velocidades bajas (laminar), as que al encontrar el nmero
de Reynolds debemos solo tomar los valores menores que 2300 (como dice la condicin de
Reynolds), los valores mayores que 2300 no tomarlos en cuenta ya que no cumplen con la
condicin dada.
VELOCIDA
D
V (m/s)
V2(m2/s2)
PERDIDA
DE CARGA
hf
(m)
Re
4.1651E-06
0.33144521
0.1098559
3
0.068
0.0971570
7
1354.2194
6
9.9643E-06
0.79293535
0.6287464
7
0.1904
0.0475313
7
3239.7767
2
1.5442E-05
1.22887165
1.5101255
3
0.3808
0.0395797
3
5020.9260
5
0.0895065
25
24.461E-06
1.94658256
3.7891836
5
0.8296
0.0343646
6
7953.3505
9
0.2892728
28
27.543E-06
2.19176743
4.8038444
5
1.0336
0.0337716
7
8955.1273
8
0.3407944
68
56.2454E-06 4.47586286
20.033348
4
3.7944
0.0297288
8
18287.488
7
0.6508767
72
Log V
0.4795882
5
0.1007622
2
Log hf
Log f
Log Re
3.1316890
1.1674910 -1.0125256
5
9
3.5105150
0.7203330 1.3230196
8
6
3
3.7007838
0.4193030 1.4025271
3
6
2
3.9005501
0.0811312 1.4638879
3
6
2
0.0143525
3.9520717
1.4714474
01
7
5
0.5791431
4.2621540
1.5268214
12
7
4
VIII.
GRFICOS
Log V - Log hf
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
0
-0.1-0.2 0
-0.4
-0.6
Log Hf
-0.8
Linear ()
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-1.8
-2
Log V
log hf logV
log
f
1.4999
1.4999
f
1.4999
=0.6979
=0.6979
0.6979
=10
h f =0.2005 V 1.4999
Log Re - Log f
0
2.7 2.8 2.9
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
Log f -0.8
Linear ()
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
Log Re
( R
f
)=+ 0.3081
log
0.5001
e
f R e0.5001 =10+0.3081
f =0.4919 Re0.5001
f =0.4919 Re
0.5001
, f =0.4919(2300)
f =0.04235
2
h f =f
LV
2 gD
h f =0.04235
Igualo:
h f =0.2005 V
V 0.5001 =0.7431
V 01=0.552 m/s
1.4999
0.5 V
2(9.81)(0.004)
0.5 V 2
0.04235
=0.2005V 1.4999
2(9.81)(0.004 )
hf - V
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
Perdida de Carga
Linear ()
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Velocidad
De la ecuacin de la recta
Y =0.1350X 0.0081
Se obtiene la relacin
h f =0.1350 V 0.0081
0.6
LV
=0.1350 V 0.0081
2 gD
f =( 0.1350 V 0.0081 )
2 gD
V =0.552m/ s
LV2
f =0.0342
hf - V
1
0.8
0.6
Perdida de Carga
Linear ()
0.4
0.2
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Velocidad
De la ecuacin de la recta
Y =1.1988X +0.0468
Se obtiene la relacin
h f =1.1988 V +0.0468
64 vLV
=1.1988V + 0.0468
2 g D2
2
v =( 1.1988V + 0.0468 )
2g D
V =0.552 m/s
64 LV
5
v =1.2610 m /s
Log V - Log hf
1
Log hf
-0.6
0.5
f(x) = 1.55x - 0.5
R = 0.99
0
-0.4 -0.2
0
0.2
-0.5
-1
-1.5
Log V
0.4
0.6
0.8
Linear ()
log
f
1.5499
f
1.5499
=0.5032
=100.5032
h f =0.3139 V 1.5499
Log Re - Log f
0
-0.2 3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.2
4.4
-0.4
-0.6
Log f
-0.8
-1
-1.2
-1.4
Linear ()
-1.6
-1.8
Log Re
0.4501
e
)=+ 0.318
log
0.4501
f Re
+0.318
=10
0.4501
f =2.0797 Re
h f =f
LV2
2 gD
Igualo:
h f =0.3139 V
2
0.06381
1.5499
0.5 V
=0.3139 V 1.5499
2(9.81)(0.004)
V 0.4501 =0.7721
V 01=0.563 m/s
0.5 V 2
2(9.81)( 0.004)
V - hf
4
3.5
3
2.5
Perdida de carga
Linear ()
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Velocidad
De la ecuacin de la recta
Y =0.9231X 0.6379
Se obtiene la relacin, para determinar la un valor medio de f
para el rgimen turbulento:
h f =0.9231 V 0.6379
LV 2
=0.9231 V 0.6379
2 gD
f =( 0.9231V 0.6379 )
2 gD
V =0.563 m/s
LV2
f =0.0585 ,
1000
1500
2000
2500
Nmero de Reynolds
Nmero de Reynolds