Principle Particulars:

Formula

Values

Unit
[m]
[m]
[m]

Speed (V)

67.2
11
3.56
0.756
10
5.144

[Km/h]

Navigation coefficient (n)

Significant wave height (H)

0.85H

18.5184
0
0

A=c1*c2*c3*c4*1.75*(L*T)/100

4.18656

[m2]

c1=Factor for the ship type

c2=factor for the rudder type
c3= factor for rudder profile
c4=factors for the rudder
arrangement

1
1
1

In General
In General
For NACA Profile

Rudder in propeler jet

A=LT/60

3.9872

[m2]

3.99484
98

[m2]

[m2]

Length (L)
Breadth (B)
Draft (T)
Block Coefficient (Cb)

Remarks

[kn]
ms-1

Rudder area:

L=Leangth
T=Draft

A=LT/100 *{1+25(B/L)2}
L=Leangth
B=Breadth
T=Draft
Therefore rudder area , A=

Material:
Kr=Material factor

Kr=(235/Reh)0.75
;Reh>235[N/mm2]
Kr=235/Reh
;Reh<=235[N/mm2]

0.87686
43

Reh

280

^=h /A

1.35

[N/mm
2
]

Forged Steel

Aspect Ratio:

h=Rudder Height
b=Mean Breadth Of Rudder

2.324
1.721

m
m

Cr=28.86*(1+n)0.15*A*V2*r1*r2*r3

48627.2
24

[N]

r1=(^+2)/3, Depending upon

aspect ratio

1.11666
67

r2, Depending on rudder type

1.1

r3,Depending on the location of

rudder

MTR=Cr*r

20921.8
63

Rudder Force & Torque:

Cr=Rudder Force

Qr=Torque on rudder

Cr= Rudder Force

^ less than 2
for NACA-00 series Gottingen
profile and ahead condition
for rudders outside the propeller
jet
[Nm]

r=Distance of Cp from turning

axis
r=b(-Kb)

0.43025
0.33

Balance factor,Kb=Af/A1

0.08

b, mean breadth

1.721

[m]
ahead conditions
For unbalanced rudder

From Basic Ship Theory Book

A=Rudder Area

66681.0
55
4

[m2]

V=Ship speed

5.144

[ms-1]

= Angle of hell/attack

35

x=(0.195+0.305 sin )b

0.63666
88

b=Mean breadth of Rudder

= Angle of hell/attack

1.721
35

Af= Rudder area forward the

turning axis

0.2*A

0.8

[m2]

Xl=distance of leading edge

from the turning axis

Af/h

0.34423
41

[m]

Q=Force on rudders

x=Centre of Pressure from

Leading Edge

Q=18AV2

[N]

To avoid staling is limited to

35 degrees

[m]

h=Rudder height
XT=distance of centre of
pressure from turning axis

XT=X-Xl

0.29243
47

[m]

T=Corresponding torque on
rudder

T=Q*XT

19499.8
53

[Nm}

20.9239
35

[kN/m2
]

110.771
2

[mm]

120

[mm]

77.5490
6

[N/mm
2
]

92.4

[mm]

Q=Force on rudders
XT=distance of centre of
pressure from turning axis
PR=load on rudder

PR=CR/h*103
Cr=Rudder Force
h=Rudder Height

RUDDER COMPONENTS:
Rudder stock Diameter:

Dt=4.2*3(MTR*Kr )

Dt=stock diameter

Qr=Torque on rudder
Kr=Material factor

We take stock diameter=

rt = Related Tortional Stress

rt =68/Kr
Kr=Material factor

Quadrangle for auxiliary tiller

0.77Dt
Dt=stock diameter

Height of the tiller

0.8Dt
Dt=stock diameter

Rudder Couplings:

[mm]
96

[mm]
[mm]

dB=diameter of bolts

33.2726
92

dB=0.62*(Dt3*Kf/Kr*n*e)
Dt=stock diameter
Kr=Material factor for rudder
stock
Kf=Material factor for
flanges=Kr
n= Total number of bolts
e=mean distance of bolt axes
from centre of bolt system

So, we take diameter of bolt =

Thickness of coupling flanges,
tp

0.87686
43
0.87686
43
6
100

[mm]

35

mm

K1F=material factor for steel

used in flanges
K1b=material factor for steel
used in bolts

0.87686
43

dB=diameter of bolts

So, the thickness of coupling flanges=

[mm]

[mm]

0.65tp

22.75

[mm]

Taken

25

[mm]

0.67tp

23.45

[mm]

tp=thickness of coupling flanges

35

Taken

25

[mm]
[mm]

ah=((0.2*L/100) + 0.4)

0.5344

[m]

534.4
440

[mm]
[mm]

0.8016

[m]

801.6
600

mm
[mm]

Width of material outside bolt

hole

not less than 6

Rudder stock radius + distance
of bolt axis from outer surface of
rudder stock

[mm]

35

Thickness of coupling flange clear

of bolt hole

Rudder frames:
Spacing of horizontal rudder
frames=ah

[mm]

33.2726
92
33.2726
92
0.87686
43

tp=dB(K1F/K1B)

[mm]

L=Length
So horizontal spacing =
Or
Spacing of vertical rudder
frame =av

av=1.5ah

ah=spacing of horizontal frames

So vertical spacing=
Or
Rudder plates & web
Thickness of plating, tp

tp=1.74a(Pr*kr)+2.5

So the thickness of rudder plate=

a= smaller unsupported width
of a plate panel
Kr= Material factor
Pr=10T+(Cr/A*103)

Minimum thickness of the

tw=0.7tp
webs, tw
So, the thickness of web plate=

10.8336
65
10

[mm]
[mm]

0.74

[m]

0.87686
43
47.7724
79

[kN/m2
]

7.58356
56
7

[mm]
[mm]

Pintle:
tl=tmin=22mm
Thickness of bush d

22

[mm]

d, not less then 22 mm

B1= Support reaction at the

pintle
B1= Support reaction at the
pintle

CR*h/b

65665.1
18

[N]

The diameter of pintle dp

dp=0.35(B1*Kr)

83.9849
75

[mm]

B1= Support reaction at the

pintle=

65665.1
18
0.87686
43
80

[mm]

Thickness

[mm]

((0.21VABFAi/(0.54VAB+3)+30)K

64.5955
09

[mm]

Kr=Material factor
we take printlle diameter dp=

Sleeve:

Bearing:
Diameter of the pintle at outer
surface of the sleeve

FAi=force acting on the

pintle=CR/2
VAB=V
K=material factor

Length of the pintle housing

=hL

0.35(FAi*k1)

[Kn]

51.1044
8

2.2Ko3(AV2C) + Stock
diameter

168.615
13

K0=1.3-L/500

1.1656
17.0348
27
1
120
10
4

C=
Stock diameter=
V= Ship speed
A=rudder area

Again, Abn=bearing height

external diameter of liner

10
0.87686
43

FAi=force acting on the

pintle=CR/2

=lb/3

The projected bearing surface

at the neck bearing

[mm]

0.87686
43
24313.6
12

K=material factor

Diameter of the inner surface

of the sleeve

50
24313.6
12

[N]

[mm]

[mm]

[mm]
[mm]
[Kn]

Abn=B2/q

13133.0
24

B2= Support reaction at neck

bearing and carrier
bearing=R2+R3=CR

32832.5
59

[N]

q= Permissible surface pressure

2.5

[N/mm
2
]

External diameter of liner=stock

dia+2*thicness of bush

164

bearing height=hb
So bearing height taken=

80.0794
12
80

[mm]
[mm]

Steering Arrangement
Sectional Area of the tiller

At=0.4du2

57.6

[cm2]

du=Diameter of the upper stock

12

[cm]

for metallic sleeve

diameter of the tiller = d

8.56379
94
40
6.73556
64
5500

d=(At*4/)

So diameter of the tiller=

0.38(du3/R)

Diameter of the link chain =dc

R= Length of the chain =B 2

[cm]
[mm]
[mm]
[mm]

Diameter of the steering rod =

ds

ds=1.25dc

8.41945
8

[mm]

Chain block of steering chain =

16 diameter of the steering

chain

107.769
06

[mm]

Items

Type

Dimensions

Material

Rudder stock(min)

Diameter (mm)

120

forged steel

Coupling bolts

Diameter (mm)

35

forged steel

Coupling flanges

Thickness (mm)

35

forged steel

Horizontal web

Spacing (mm)

440

forged steel

Vertical web

Spacing (mm)

600

forged steel

Web plate

Thickness (mm)

forged steel

Rudder plate

Thickness (mm)

10

forged steel

Pintle (min)

Diameter (mm)

80

forged steel

Liner/Bush

Thickness (mm)

22

Lignum Vitae

Sleeve

Thickness (mm)

Aluminium brass
(Cu+ Zn+ Al)

Tiller
Bearing height
Sleeve dia outside
of pintle

Diameter (mm)
height(mm)

40
80

Forged Steel
Forged Steel

Diameter (mm)

50

Forged Steel

Thickness (mm)

35

Forged Steel

Width of material
outside bolt hole