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Summary: Mathematics objects and relationships that govern, help some

answers of philosophical thought. Some mathematical models, expand the
boundaries between possible, improbable, possible and impossible.
Mathematics, have limits on their answers. But still a super tool for
discussion on all questions of science and particularly the philosophy. The
questions concerning the infinity are of particular interest because, whatever
the findings set out in it, is not easily accepted by the finite human nature.
Here comes the mathematical truth to venture some answers more or less
acceptable.
:
[1] Wigner, Eugene The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the
Natural
Sciences.

https://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/MathDrama/reading/Wigner.html
[2]
.
:
http://thalesandfriends.org/wpcontent/uploads/2012/03/efficiency.pdf
[3] , :
http://panayiot.simor.ntua.gr/attachments/039_06MBAOR.pdf
[4] Pascal Blaise ( 233), ,

:
https://onthewaytoithaca.wordpress.com/2010/08/23/pascals-wager-thewhole-thing/
[5] https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/__
[6] http://westcult.gr/index.php/arthrografia/philosophizing/posoi-kokkoi-ammouapaitoyntai-gia-na-katalavoun-ton-synoliko-ogko-tou-sympantos
[7] ( )
2012 : http://www.math.ntua.gr/~sofia/dissertations/Larentzaki.pdf
[8] Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz
http://www.biblical-studies.gr/kbma/Portals/0/PDF/Tehnes/Laibnitz.pdf
[9] (
) ,
http://manosdanezis.gr/index.php/blog/307-2015-02-07-18-53-16
[10] 0,99999;
. 115 . :
http://forum.math.uoa.gr/viewtopic.php?f=15&t=10116&start=0

[11] Does 0.9999999... truly equal 1?

, 76 . :
https://www.linkedin.com/grp/post/1872005-6044962556768956419
[12] Wikipedia. :
https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/_
[13]
https://onthewaytoithaca.wordpress.com/2010/08/23/pascals-wager-the-wholething

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=

0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.001
n
0
0
0
0
1

n
= 1
n

0.01 0.01
10 10 n

(1)

, (1) n=1, 2 3 ,

.
(1) n=k
n=k+1
.:

0
0
0

= 1

0.01 0.01
10

0.01 0.01

(2)

0
0
1 (3)
= 1
+1

10 +1
10

0
1
10
+1

, (1)
, :
0
0

0.01 0.01

0
0 0
0
0

=
1
0
.
01
0
.
01
0
.
01
0
.
01

10

0 0
1 = 1

10 10 +1
0
0
1
= 1

+1
10 +1
10

0 0
0

1
0.01 0.01 10
0
0

0.01 0.01

k +1

0
1
10

( 2)

0
1 ( 2)

10 +1
(3)

(1) .
:
n
0
0
0
0
1 1
=

n n
n =1 0.1 0.1
-1
n =1 10
n =1 10
= 2+
0
1 0 0 0 1
0
+ 1 1 = 1 10

0 1 9 9 9
9

0
= I + 1
2
9

0
1 =

14/4/2004

1/10 1/10 ,
1
1
1
1
n = 10 = 10 =
1
9
9
n =1 10
1
10 10

1
1
-1=
9

0
10
9

 0.9999..=1
.
.
plataros@gmail.com

: 0,999=1
, .
. , .
, ,
,
.
: 0.9999.=1, [1],[2],[3]
, -
,
.

, ,

1: ,

1
0.111111111...
9

1
1 9 9 0,111111.... 0,99999999......
9

2 :
1
1 3 3 0,33333..... 0,99999.....
3

1
0,33333.....
3

1/3 = 0.333333...

2/3 = 0.666666...

1/3 + 2/3 = .999999... = 1.

3: =0,999999.. (1)
10=9,999999999. (2)
(2)-(1) :
10- =9,9999999999999..-0,9999999999. .
9
9=9,0000000000 9=9 = 1 .
9

10=9,999=9+0,999=9+, =1.
4 : 0,999999999999999999999..=
9
9
9
9
9
9

...
10 100 1.000 10.000 100.000 1.000.000

9
9
9
9
9
9
2 3 4 5 6 ...
1
10 10 10 10 10 10

1
,
10

9
9
10 10 1

1
9
1
1
10 10

5.

9
1

lim 1

10
1 10

0,999... lim 0, 99...9 lim

( 4, )

1 0 1
1 lim
10

 6.
0, 9 0, 9 9 0, 9 9 0, 9 9 0, 9 (10 1) 0, 9
9 0, 9 9, 9 0, 9 9 0, 9 9 0, 9 1

.
7
1
0,1( 3)

3 ( 10)
1
3( 10)
10( 3) 0,1( 3)
3 ( 10)
3( 10) 0,33333....( 10) 1( 3)
0,999999.......( 10) 1( 3)
0,999999.......( 10) 1( 10)

.. .

( .)

8: [0. 9....9 ,1]

(i) 1 2 3 4 .....

(ii)
1

(..
)
2
(iii) lim | 0. 9....9 1| 0 ,

0, 0.....0 1 <, >0, >0() ,

0()
,
, 1, .
.
1. 0,9999..(

)
1=0,99999999999999

9.

=1

1,999999....

0,99999.....
2
2



2
2 2

=0,99999

10. ( )
: |-|< >0, =.
:

. | | * 0

..

*
2

*
2

, . = .

1-0.9999
.( 8.)
11: (0,999) (0,999)=1 ,
0,999=1 , (0,999) (0,999)=
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 ...
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

9 9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9 9
9 9

... 2 1 2 3 ... 3 1 2 3 ... ...

101 101 102 103

10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10

81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81

2 3 4 ... 3 4 5 ... 4 5 6 ... ...

10 10 10
10 10 10
10 10 10

81

102

101

1
1
1
1
81
81

1 1 2 ... 4 1 1 2 ...
3
10
10
10
10
10
10

81
1
81
1
81
1
3 4 ...
2

10 0 10 10 0 10 10 0 10

1

0 10

102

...

81 1
2
10 0 10

1

0 10

9

10
2

9 10 9

1 .. .
1 10 9 10
1
1

10

12: 0,999<1 . >0: 0,999+=1.

* , ,
1
0.

0,999 * 0,999 0,000...0001000.... 1,000...000999.... 1.

( 1)

0,999 *
1 1.
13. :
0,999. 0,999. (0,9 0, 09 0, 009 ...) (0,9 0, 09 0, 009 ...)
(0,9 0,9) (0, 09 0, 09) (0, 009 0, 009) ...
1,8 0,18 0, 018 ... (1 0,8) (0,1 0, 08) (0, 01 0, 008) ...
1 (0,8 0,1) (0, 08) 0, 01) (0, 008 0, 001) ...
1 0.9 0.09 0.009 ... 1 0,999....

0,999
, 1=0,999
14: 0,999... 0,9 0, 0999.... 0,9

0,9

10

0,999...

10

9
0,9 1
10

15 :
13 ,
, ,
, ,
... , .
. 1-0,9=0,1 0,1-0,09=0,01 0,01-0,009=0,001 ...

 ( 10)
. . 1=0,999

:


,
,

,
-

,
,
: .

. Google
0.999 , 1=0.999.., equal 1=0.999
9.390.000 34.000
8.540 proof 1=0.999 6.000 ( 9/9/2015)
, , , ,
:
1 .
. .
.
, ,
,
.
1, 2, 3, ..., , ...
,
.
, ,

.
.
0,999=1 ( ,

)
1 , .
- ..

0 , ,

(1)

0 (

0, )

. lim

{} : =

0
1

2 1

2 2

.
, ,
0,999=1 ,,

1 . ,

,
0,999 1, 1
.

2) 1=0,999.

.
(
, ,
/(25)
, )
.
, .. 1,2=1,1999 ,
!
3) ,

, . ,
- ( )
, .

Grandi

(1)

, [4] ,

0, 1 , .
,
, 0,999
, ,
,
, ,
.
: ,
,
.
.

,
,

, . ,

,
, !

Summary : The 0,999...=1 equivalence is an issue of student internet

discussions and far beyond. The mentioned parity (equivalence) is
stubbornly doubted. Even specific mathematical proofs are not persuasive. It
seems that the difficulty in the intuitive comprehension of the infinite,
indicates the limits of the finite nature of human beings while at the same
time the power as well as the practical value of mathematical proofs are
highlighted
:
[1]
Wikipedia
.

:
https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/0,999...

0.999

[2] Bogomonly Alexander : :

.999=1?
http://www.cut-the-knot.org/arithmetic/999999.shtml

[3] Kalid Azad . : A Friendly Chat About Whether

0.999.. = 1: http://betterexplained.com/articles/a-friendly-chatabout-whether-0-999-1
[4]
Wikipedia.
:
Grandi's
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandi's_series

series

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