Transactions on Engineering and Sciences

Speical Issue - TECH-KNOW DOCX - 2015

ISSN: 2347-1964 (Online) 2347-1875 (Print)

Advance Drainage System

Niraj S Manekar1
1&2

Shritej A Nirmal2

Dept. of Civil Engineering, P.R.M.I.T&R, Amravati, India.

Abstract In this we are going to compare drainage systems in India (especially coastal cities) with
worlds best urban drainage in Tokyo. We are intending to show is it possible to rectify the problems
generally faced by our business capital Mumbai in monsoon and also the financial losses during those
three-four monsoon months. Statistically speaking Tokyo and Mumbai possess nearly same conditions
in aspects of rainfall average but though there is no incident heard that Tokyo is facing flood like
conditions. Govt. of Japan and university of Tokyo together proposed plan of advance drainage system
which consist of 5 major water banks and one pumping plant which is connected by 6.3km long massive
tunneling system. On contrary, in Mumbai (Storm Water Drains) SWD department which are fairly
based on just roadside, below footpath, open/closed drains, box drains, major gutters, minor gutters and
outfalls. But these are not enough to control heavy rainfall. So that, if we focus to modify our older
drainages and providing water treatment plant which will give an option for reuse of this waste water in
industries, so it will be great for the concept Make In India.
Index Terms Infrastructure improvement, intense rainfall, flooding, storm water runoff model, design
rainfall.
I.

INTRODUCTION

By the year of 1995, University of Tokyo in association with Government of Japan proposed a unique
plan of advance drainage system in Tokyo, which further proved to be one of the greatest achievements in
the drainage system which was able to sustain severe floodage. In Tokyo, the drainage system is focused on
the policy of Collect and Discharge but we are intending to use the policy Collect and Reuse for our cities
like Mumbai. By making some modifications in the current Storm Water Drainage (SWD) system of Mumbai
such as diversions from major gutters and the drainage flow through those diversions should flow into the
tunneling system which should be constructed with reference to the advance drainage system of Tokyo. In
India, major problem in industrialization is the requirement of water and to rectify this problem we can use
the idea of reuse of waste water which just drains out from roadside drainage and which ultimately solves
the problem of floodage and industrial requirements.
II.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

PROPOSED WORKING

The city Tokyo consist of 5 rivers of which Edo river is greatest one, the underground drainage system
have 5 major water banks which collect flood water of river Naka, Kurumatsu, Otoshifurutone. These
water banks are connected by 6.3km long underground tunneling system which ends at no. 1 water
bank beside which drainage pump station is located.
Bank- The five banks from no.1 to no.5 are interconnected to each other to underground tunnel and
used for taking in flood water from the river including Naka, Kuramatsu, Otoshifurutone. On top of
that, they play an important role in maintenance and management of the outer underground discharge
channel, by being intake areas for vehicle and by installing ventilation system.
Inflow Facility- flood water is taken into outer underground discharge channel at the overflow level
provided on the embankment of river including Naka, Kuramatsu and Otoshifurutone. If the water
level of each river surpasses the height of the overflow level flood water will go into the inflow facility
on its own. The height of the overflow level is set too much the same height as that of the lowest nearby
ground so that it can function sufficiently to cope with even small to mid-size floods.
Tunnel-This is an underground river constructed to lead the flood water flowing in from Naka,
Kuramatsu, Otoshifurutone Rivers and others to Edo River. The tunnel connecting five banks is
constructed along route 16 at a depth of 50m below ground level. It has an inner diameter of
approximately 10m, and an overall length of 6.3km. It can drain flood water at a speed of up to 200m.
Drainage Facility- The Showa drainage pump station is the heart of the water discharge tunnel on the
outskirt of metropolitan area, and has two roles. One role is to drain the flood water that random from
the underground tunnel, from the pressure adjusting water tank through giant pump and the drainage
sluiceway to the Edo River. The other role is to operate and centrally monitor each inflow facility.
Drainage Sluiceway- This facility is used for draining flood water from water discharge tunnel on The
Outskirts of The Metropolitan Area. Flood water sucked up by the pump station is drained into the Edo
River through six drainage sluiceways, each 5.4m4.2m. It has another function of preventing backwater
coming from the Edo river.

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Transactions on Engineering and Sciences

Speical Issue - TECH-KNOW DOCX - 2015

ISSN: 2347-1964 (Online) 2347-1875 (Print)

Figure 1: System Site Map

Figure 2: Tunneling System (Tokyo)

III.

IMPLEMENTATION IN MUMBAI

Figure 3: Tunneling System (Tokyo)

Existing Situation- Mumbai receives seasonal rainfall for four months of average 2000mm.The SWD
system of Mumbai comprises of hierarchical network of roadside surface drains (about 2000 km mainly in
the suburbs), underground drains and laterals (about 440km in the island city area), major and minor
gutters (200km and 87km resp.) and 186 outfalls, which discharge all the surface runoff into rivers and seas.

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Transactions on Engineering and Sciences

Speical Issue - TECH-KNOW DOCX - 2015

ISSN: 2347-1964 (Online) 2347-1875 (Print)

Figure 4: Flood Conditions (Mumbai)

The discharge of all the storm water and treated sewage is into the Arabian Sea. Most of the key reasons
for flooding apart from tidal variations, flat gradients, mud flats are manmade inappropriate levels of
outfalls, poor placement of gullies, loss of holding ponds due to lands development over the years and
increase in runoff coefficient and encroachment on drains, enhance silting and choking of drain due to
sewage inflows and garbage dumping in drains poor structural conditions etc.
Table 1: SWD Local drain network
Sr.No
1.
2
3
4
5
6
7
1.

2.
3.

Drain Hierarchy/Type

Iceland
city

Western
suburbs

Eastern
suburbs

Total

90
21
40
669
36
857
609

102
66
52
1,268
86
1,603
1,706

200
87
151
1,987
565
2,991
30,208

Major nallah(width>1.5 m)
Minor nallah(width>1.5 m)
Arch/box drains
Roadside open drain
Closed pipes or Dhapa Drains
Total SWD length
No. of Water entrances

59
20
443
531
27,893

The whole Storm Water Drainage system of Mumbai is based on the gravity effect, i.e. there is no pump
station for drain water which results into blockages of gutters due to which flows on the road instead of
underground tunnels.
So as per the BRIMSTOWAD report if we provide more diversions to major gutters which ease the flow
of sewerage?
Our suggestion for SWD is if we increase number diversions of major gutters though they will not
withstand severe water flow, so by constructing a separate underground water tunneling system
around Mumbai which will be connected by all out-lets of gutters and discharge that sewerage into
proposed new water banks instead of Arabian Sea. This collected drain water must be treated at the
pump station which should be located at the end of the proposed underground tunneling system which
should be based on the Tokyos drainage system.
IV.
1.
2.
3.
4.

ADVANTAGES

Rapid development of urban areas- By reuse of drainage water

Change of lifestyle- Use of waste water by recycling which enhances growth of industries.
Climate monitoring- Reduce environmental risk and prevention from polluted water causing
diseases.
Flood control- By introducing pump station.

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Transactions on Engineering and Sciences

Speical Issue - TECH-KNOW DOCX - 2015

ISSN: 2347-1964 (Online) 2347-1875 (Print)

V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
How it will help in accordance to MAKE IN INDIA FOR RURAL PROSPERITY?
1.

2.

3.

As if our major business capital MUMBAI is free from major drainage problems ultimately this waste
water can be made usable for industrialization by treating this water in water treatment plant which
consumes only 0.5liter of crude oil to treat 1000liter of water which can further save our daily water
from dam or any resources.
As most of the times, we ignore to establish any industry or a plant at rural place due to shortage of
water but by this project we must be assured that lot much amount of water can be use for thermal plant
by which rural may turn to urban which leads make in India.
The treated water which has been provided to any industrial plant in rural areas, the raised fund from
those industries can be used in favour of rural prosperity.
VI. CONCLUSION

Many coastal cities like Mumbai need an advance drainage system, which can withstand severe storm
and rainfall. Also such kinds of projects help to reduce financial losses occur during monsoon. Mainly if this
collected water reused properly then there will not be any issue related to water crisis and on the other hand
there will be great push for industrial growth in undeveloped regions. Cleanliness of the metro cities also
can be achieved effectively with efficient drainages.
REFERENCES
[1] Planning section. Planning and coordination division, Bureau of Sewerage, Tokyo Metropolitan
Government, 2-8-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 163-8001, Japan.
[2] Files- Chief Engineer (Storm Water Drains), Mumbai, www.mcgm.gov.in
[3] Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo.
[4] Ministry of land, infrastructure, transport & tourism of Japan, www.mlit.go.ac

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