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INVESTIGATIVE REPORT
71 (37:34)
47 (20 68)
9:20:54:18
32:27:12
15 (7; 30)
411
Epidermal thicknesses were Loge (x) transformed for normality. The data for blood content and pigmentation for
the separate body locations were normally distributed using
the Shapiro-Wilks test, and for all body locations together the
data were approximately normally distributed. Both analysis
of variance and paired t-test were used to evaluate any
differences between the body sites concerning epidermal
thickness, pigmentation and blood content. Analysis of
variance was used to compare differences between individuals
and between body sites. Stepwise backward multiple linear
regression analysis was used to estimate the influence of the
factors age, sex, skin type, pigmentation, blood content,
number of years smoking, smoking status and body site on
epidermal thickness. Pv0.05 is considered to be significant.
RESULTS
Body-site-specific measurements of thickness, pigmentation and blood content are given in Table II.
Significant differences between body sites on an intraindividual level ( pv0.0001), and between individuals,
inter-individual ( pv0.0001), were found for thickness
of both the stratum corneum and the cellular epidermis.
The mean square for body site was about 34 times
greater for body sites than for individuals, indicating
that the difference between individuals is much smaller
than the difference between body sites (Fig. 1).
Different factors influenced thickness of the stratum
corneum and cellular epidermis. The results of the
backward multiple regression analysis are given in
Table III. Body site, the single variable with the
strongest association with both stratum corneum and
epidermal thickness, was capable of explaining 45% of
the variation in the measured thickness of stratum
corneum and 39% of the variation of cellular epidermis
when evaluated independently of the other variables.
Both pigmentation and number of years of smoking
correlated significantly with thickness of the stratum
Table II. Epidermal thickness, pigmentation and blood content at different body sites; mean (SD)
Forearm dorsal
Shoulder
Buttock
All body sites
Pigmentationa (%)
18.3
11.0
14.9
14.8
56.6
70.3
81.5
68.9
74.9
81.3
96.5
83.7
35.2
25.5
16.4
26.2
22.4
31.1
29.6
27.6
(4.9)
(2.2)
(3.4)
(4.8)
(11.5)
(13.6)
(15.7)
(17.0)
(12.7)
(13.5)
(16.1)
(16.6)
(6.0)
(5.7)
(4.2)
(9.3)
(6.9)
(9.4)
(5.7)
(8.4)
a
Significant differences between the examined body sites, p-values v0.0001, except between the shoulder and the buttock concerning blood
content pw0.1.
412
J. Sandby-Mller et al.
Table III. Epidermal thickness and influencing factors using
backward multiple regression analyses, p-values and squared
correlation coefficient (r2)
Body site
Age
Gender
Skin type
Pigmentation
Blood content
Number of years smoking
Smoking status
r2 b
Stratum corneum
Cellular epidermis
v0.0001
NSa
0.048
0.025
0.0008
NSa
v0.0001
NSa
0.54
v0.0001
NSa
v0.0001
NSa
NSa
0.028
NSa
0.028
0.50
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
1. Holbrook KA, Odland GF. Regional differences in the
thickness (cell layers) of the human stratum corneum: an
ultrastructural analysis. J Invest Dermatol 1974; 62: 415 422.
2. Bergstresser PR, Pariser RJ, Taylor JR. Counting and
sizing of epidermal cells in normal human skin. J Invest
Dermatol 1978; 70: 280 284.
3. Freeman RG, Cockerell EG, Armstrong J, Knox JM.
Sunlight as a factor influencing the thickness of epidermis.
J Invest Dermatol 1962; 39: 295 298.
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