Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CEEP
INGLS INSTRUMENTAL
1|Pgina
Sumrio
APRESENTAO........................................................................................................................................ 3
TESTE: COMO EST O SEU INGLS? ...................................................................................................... 4
ESTRATGIAS DE LEITURA ...................................................................................................................... 6
FACILITADORES ....................................................................................................................................... 6
COGNATOS ................................................................................................................................................ 6
PALAVRAS FAMILIARES (ESTRANGEIRISMOS) ....................................................................................... 6
FALSOS COGNATOS .................................................................................................................................. 7
DOUBLE SENSE WORDS ........................................................................................................................... 9
EXERCISES ..........................................................................................................................................10
CONECTIVOS ............................................................................................................................................13
GRUPOS NOMINAIS .................................................................................................................................14
FORMAO DE PALAVRAS .....................................................................................................................15
OS USOS DO ING ..................................................................................................................................16
PRONOMES RELATIVOS ..........................................................................................................................16
MARCADORES DE SUBSTANTIVOS .........................................................................................................17
REFERNCIA CONTEXTUAL ...................................................................................................................18
CASO POSSESSIVO/GENITIVO ................................................................................................................19
IMPERATIVO .............................................................................................................................................20
VERBOS MODAIS ......................................................................................................................................20
WHAT IS A BROWSER, AND WHAT BROWSERS ARE AVAILABLE? ......................................22
MOUSE MEMORIES ........................................................................................................................22
A HISTORY OF THE COMPUTER: NETWORK .............................................................................23
CAREERS IN THE COMPUTERS FIELD ........................................................................................23
PRINTING CONCEPTS ....................................................................................................................24
REGISTER AND GET AVG FOR FREE ...........................................................................................25
WHATS AN ALGORITHM?............................................................................................................26
MAINFRAME, MINICOMPUTER AND MICROCOMPUTER ........................................................27
MAGNETIC TAPE AND MAGNETIC DISK....................................................................................28
WHATS A COMPUTER?.................................................................................................................29
SOFTWARE ......................................................................................................................................30
SOFTWARE PIRACY .......................................................................................................................31
VIRTUAL REALITY ........................................................................................................................32
INTERNET ........................................................................................................................................33
JAVA .................................................................................................................................................34
PUZZLE ................................................................................................................................................35
PESQUISA DE VOCABULRIO ..........................................................................................................36
USO DO DICIONRIO .........................................................................................................................37
REFERNCIAS ..........................................................................................................................................38
2|Pgina
APRESENTAO
Mtodo
Desenvolve a leitura ("Reading") de forma limitada a um objetivo especfico, atravs da habilidade de
manipular textos em lngua inglesa, tentando assimilar a compreenso geral e inferir informaes especficas. A
gramtica ensinada de forma contextualizada a um objetivo especfico.
3|Pgina
A computer is a programmable machine that stores and retrieves data and performs highspeed logical and mathematical operations. However, it is not able to think. It accepts data and
instructions as input, and after processing them, it outputs the results.
When we talk about computers, we have to consider the hardware and the software. The
hardware consists of all the electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system, and the
software is the collection of data and programs needed to solve problems with a computer.
c) Hardware x Software
(...) the software is the collection of data and programs needed to solve problems with a computer. A idia
contida na orao acima est associada a:
a) It basically consists of the systems analysts, the programmers, the operators and the technical managers.
b) It is the collection of man-written solutions, as well as all documents to guide the operation of a computer.
c) It consists of several units: the CPU, the main memory, and the peripherals known as input and output devices.
5. No trecho selecionado para a questo 4, a palavra programs pode ser entendida como:
a) canais
b) jogos
c) instrues
6. A pergunta que pode ser respondida com base nas informaes contidas no texto :
a) Quem inventou o computador?
b) O que significa software?
c) O que um dispositivo de entrada?
7. A opo na qual a palavra computer exerce a funo de modificador :
a) computer (I. 1)
b) computers (I. 4)
c) computer (I. 5)
8. O melhor pargrafo para finalizar o texto seria:
a) Fourth-generation computers are rather faster than third-generation computers and can complete thousands of
instructions at a time.
b) On the backside of the computer, there are several slots into which we can connect a wide range of peripherals.
c) In only a short time, the computer has changed the way in which many jobs are done and has become part of
our everyday lives.
9. Faa a correspondncia entre as palavras ( esquerda) e as definies ( direita)
a) computer game
( ) The study and development of computer systems, hardware and software.
b) computer graphics ( ) All of the hardware and software that can interact with a particular computer.
c) computer science ( ) Charts, graphs, diagrams, or pictures produced with the aid of a computer.
d) computer security ( ) A computer program designed for amusement or instruction.
4|Pgina
e) computer system ( )The process of protecting a computer system from access by virus or unauthorized
persons.
10. Os fatos abaixo esto relacionados com a histria do computador. Numere-os de 1 a 5, partindo do mais
antigo para o mais recente.
th
(
(
(
(
(
th
Monitor Screen Keyboard Mouse CD-Rom Drive Disk Drive Scanner Printer CD-Rom - Floppy Disk/Diskette
Description
Storage devices
Input devices
Output devices
Example
a) _________________________
b) _________________________
c) _________________________
d) _________________________
e) _________________________
13. A orao que melhor resume as idias contidas no texto, na figura e na tabela :
a) Most computers are equipped with data communication facilities.
b) Computers are also used in education and business.
c) A computer is not only a machine but also a system.
5|Pgina
ESTRATGIAS DE LEITURA
Skimming: leitura rpida para ter-se uma idia central do texto.
Scanning: leitura com objetivo de encontrar algumas informaes especficas no texto.
Prediction: significa inferir o contedo de um texto atravs de seu conhecimento prvio sobre o tema (background);
atravs do contexto semntico (palavras de um mesmo grupo, por exemplo: hospital, nurse, doctor, ambulance);
contexto lingstico (pistas gramaticais); contexto no-lingstico (gravuras, grficos, tabelas, nmeros, etc.);
conhecimento sobre estrutura do texto (lay out, ttulo, subttulo, diviso de pargrafos, etc.).
Vale ressaltar a importncia do conhecimento prvio do leitor e das suas expectativas e dedues em relao ao
texto.
FACILITADORES
Cognates: so palavras de origem grega ou latina bem parecidas com as do portugus.
Ex. different diferente, infection infeco.
Obs.: Ateno com os falsos cognatos. Ex. pretend no significa pretender, mas sim, fingir; importante observar se a
palavra se encaixa no contexto.
Repeated words: se uma palavra aparece vrias vezes no texto, isto significa que ela importante para a
compreenso do mesmo.
Typographical Evidences: so smbolos, letras maisculas, negrito, itlico, etc., que do dicas teis sobre o texto.
Selectivity: leitura seletiva, isto , selecionar os trechos onde se quer encontrar uma determinada informao
(pargrafos, por exemplo).
Dictionary: o dicionrio deve ser utilizado como ltimo recurso para se descobrir o significado de uma palavra ou
expresso desconhecida. Isso para que a leitura no seja lenta demais, e para que o leitor no desanime tendo que
parar toda vez que encontrar algo desconhecido.
COGNATOS
Muito comuns na Lngua Inglesa, os cognatos so palavras de procedncia grega ou latina, bastantes parecidas com
as da Lngua Portuguesa, tanto na forma, como no significado. Os cognatos podem ser:
Idnticos: radio, piano, hospital, hotel, sofa, nuclear, social, total, particular, chance, camera, inventor, etc.
Bastante parecidos: gasoline, banks, inflation, intelligent, population, revolution, commercial, attention, different,
products, secretary, billion, dramatic, deposits, distribution, automatic, television, public, events, models, etc.
Vagamente parecidos: electricity, responsible, explain, activity, impossible, lamp, company, etc.
Hot dog
Credit card
Marketing
Diet
Mouse
Light
Shows
Moto/Office Boy
Site
Drive-thru
Hamburguer
Play
DVD / CD
Record
6|Pgina
FALSOS COGNATOS
Tambm chamados de falsos amigos, os falsos cognatos so palavras normalmente derivadas do latim, que tm
portanto a mesma origem e que aparecem em diferentes idiomas com ortografia semelhante, mas que ao longo dos
tempos acabaram adquirindo significados diferentes.
EM INGLS
SIGNIFICA EM PORTUGUS
QUE EM INGLS
ACTUAL
REAL
ATUAL
PRESENT
ACTUALLY
NA VERDADE
ATUALMENTE
NOWADAYS, TODAY
ADVERTISE
ANNCIO
ADVERTIR
WARN
ALUMNUS
EX-ALUNO
ALUNO
PUPIL
AMASS
ACUMULAR
AMASSAR
APPLICATION
INSCRIO
APLICAO
INVESTMENT
APPOINTMENT
HORA MARCADA
APONTAMENTO
NOTE
ARGUMENT
DISCUSSO
ARGUMENTO
REASONING
ASSIST
AJUDAR
ASSISTIR
ATTEND
ATTEND
FREQUENTAR
ATENDER
ANSWER, SERVE
AUDIENCE
PLATIA, PBLICO
AUDINCIA
COURT APPEARENCE
AVAILABLE
DISPONVEL
AVALIAR
EVALUATE
BALCONY
SACADA
BALCO
COUNTER
BARRACS
QUARTEL
BARRACA
HUT, TENT
BATON
BATUTA, CACETETE
BATOM
LIPSTICK
BEEF
CARNE DE GADO
BIFE
STEAK
BOND
LAO, LIGAO
BUNDE
STREERCAR, TRAM
CAFETERIA
REFEITRIO
CAFETERIA
COFFEE SHOP
CAMERA
MQ. FOTOGRFICA
CMARA
CHAMBER, TUBE
CASUALTY
FATALIDADE
CASUALIDADE
CASUALLNESS
CIGAR
CHARUTO
CIGARRO
CIGARETTE
COLLAR
GOLA, COLARINHO
COLAR
NECKLACE
COLLEGE
FACULDADE
COLGIO
HIGH SCHOOL
COMMODITY
ARTIGO, MERCADORIA
COMODIDADE
COMFORT
COMPASS
BSSOLA
COMPASSO
A PAIR OF COMPASSES
COMPETITION
CONCORRNCIA
COMPETIO
CONTEST
COMPREHENSIVE
COMPLETO, TOTAL
COMPREENSIVO
UNDERSTANDING
CONDUCTOR
COBRADOR
CONDUTOR
DRIVER
CONTEST
COMPETIO, CONCURSO
CONTEXTO
CONTEXT
CONVENIENT
PRTICO
CONVENIENTE
APPROPRIATE
CONVICT
CONDENADO
CONVICTO
CERTAIN
COSTUME
ROUPA, FANTASIA
COSTUME
CUSTOM, HABIT
DATA
DADOS, INFORMAES
DATA
DATE
DECEPTION
LOGRO, FRAUDE
DECEPO
DISAPPOINTMENT
DEFENDANT
RU
DEFENDER
DEFEND
DESIGN
DESIGNAR
APPOINT
DISGUST
NUSEA
DESGOSTO
GRIEF
DIVERT
DESVIAR
DIVERTIR
ENJOY
EDITOR
REDATOR
EDITOR
PUBLISHER
EDUCATED
INSTRUDO
EDUCADO
POLITE
EMISSION
DESCARGA
EMISSO
ISSUE
ENROLL
ALISTAR-SE
ENROLLAR
WIND, CURL
ESTATE
PROPRIEDADE, IMVEL
ESTADO
STATE
EXCITING
EMPOLGANTE
EXCITANTE
THRILLING
EXIT
SADA
XITO
SUCCESS
EXPERT
PERITO
ESPERTO
SMART
EXQUISITE
APURADO
ESQUISITO
WEIRD
FABRIC
TECIDO
FBRICA
FACTORY
FAMILIAR
CONHECIDO
FAMILIAR
FILE
ARQUIVO
FILA
LINE, QUEUE
INGENIOUS
CRIATIVO, ENGENHOSO
INGNUO
NAIVE
7|Pgina
EM INGLS
SIGNIFICA EM PORTUGUS
QUE EM INGLS
INGENUITY
ENGENHOSIDADE
INGENUIDADE
NAIVETY
INJURY
FERIMENTO
INJRIA
INSULT
INTEND
PRETENDER
ENTENDER
UNDERSTAND
INTOXICATION
EMBRIAGUEZ
INTOXICAO
POISONING
INTRODUCE
APRESENTAR
INTRODUZIR
INSERT
JOURNAL
PERIDICO
JORNAL
NEWSPAPER
LARGE
GRANDE
LARGO
WIDE
LECTURE
PALESTRA
LEITURA
READING
LEGEND
LENDA
LEGENDA
SUBTITLE
LIBRARY
BIBLIOTECA
LIVRARIA
BOOKSTORE
LUNCH
ALMOO
LANCHE
SNACK
LUXURY
LUXO
LUXRIA
LUST
MAGAZINE
REVISTA
MAGAZINE
DEPARTMENT STORE
MANAGE
ADMINISTRAR, CONSEGUIR
MANEJAR
HANDLE
MAYOR
PREFEITO
MAIOR
BIGGER
MOISTURE
UMIDADE
MISTURE
MIXTURE
NOTICE
PERCEBER
NOTCIA
NEWS
NOVEL
ROMANCE
NOVELA
SOAP OPERA
OFFICE
ESCRITRIO
OFICIAL
OFFICIAL
ORDINARY
COMUM
ORDINRIO
VULGAR
ORE
MINRIO
OURO
GOLD
PARENTS
PAIS
PARENTES
RELATIVES
PARTICULAR
ESPECFICO
PARTICULAR
PRIVATE
PASTA
MASSA
PASTA
FOLDER, PASTE
POLICY
POLTICA, NORMA
POLCIA
POLICE
PORT
PORTO
PORTA
DOOR
PORTER
CARREGADOR
PORTEIRO
DOORMAN
PREJUDICE
PRECONCEITO
PREJUZO
DAMAGE
PRESCRIBE
RECEITAR
PRESCREVER
EXPIRE
PRETEND
FINGIR
PRETENDER
INTEND
PREVENT
IMPEDIR
PREVENIR
WARN
PROCURE
CONSEGUIR, ADQUIRIR
PROCURAR
LOOK FOR
PROPAGANDA
DIVULGAODE IDIAS
PROPAGANDA
ADVERTISEMENT
PROPER
APROPRIADO, ADEQUADO
PRPRIO
OWN
PULL
PUXAR
PULAR
JUMP
PUSH
EMPURRAR
PUXAR
PULL
REALIZE
PERCEBER
REALIZAR
ACCOMPLISH
RECORD
GRAVAR, DISCO
RECORDAR
REMEMBER, RECALL
REPORT
RELATRIO
REPRTER
REPORTER
REQUIREMENT
REQUISITO
REQUERIMENTO
REQUEST, PETITION
RESPITE
INTERVALO, PAUSA
RESPEITO
RESPECT
RESUME
RECOMEAR
RESUMIR
SUMMARIZE
RSUM
CURRCULO
RESUMO
SUMMARY
RETIRE
APOSENTAR
RETIRAR
WITHDRAW
SENSIBLE
SENSATO
SENSIVEL
SENSITIVE
SORT
ESPCIE, ESCOLHER
SORTE
LUCK
STABLE
FIRME, ESTVEL
ESTBULO
BARN
STRANGER
DESCONHECIDO
ESTRANGEIRO
FOREIGNER
STUPID
BURRO
ESTPIDO
RUDE
SUPPORT
SUSTENTAR, APOIAR
SUPORTAR
SYMPATHETIC
COMPREENSIVO, SOLIDRIO
SIMPTICO
TENANT
INQUILINO
TENENTE
LIEUTENANT
TENTATIVE
PROVISRIO
TENTATIVA
ATTEMPT, TRY
TUTOR
PROFESSOR PARTICULAR
TUTOR
GUARDIAN
UNIQUE
NICO
USE
UTILIZAR, USAR
USAR (VESTIR)
WEAR
VEGETABLES
VERDURAS, LEGUMES
VEGETAIS
PLANTS
8|Pgina
comum a todas as lnguas a ocorrncia de palavras com significado ou funo gramatical mltiplos.
Freqentemente este mltiplo sentido em um idioma no tem correspondente em outro. Quer dizer: os termos nem
sempre cobrem as mesmas reas de significado entre diferentes idiomas. Este fenmeno, tambm chamado de
polissemia, ocorre com qualquer idioma; assim como o portugus, o ingls tambm tem inmeras palavras de
mltiplo significado. , entretanto a ocorrncia do fenmeno na lngua me do aluno que causa maior dificuldade.
Partir do geral para o particular sempre mais difcil do que o inverso.
Portanto, sempre que diferentes idias representadas pela mesma palavra na lngua me do aluno
corresponderem a diferentes palavras na segunda lngua, o mesmo ter dificuldades em expressar-se corretamente.
As diferentes palavras do ingls que correspondem aos diferentes significados da palavra do portugus podem
eventualmente funcionar como sinnimos, portanto neutralizando o contraste entre os dois idiomas. O objetivo,
entretanto, mostrar os contrastes nas ocorrncias mais usuais do vocabulrio ingls moderno.
Ingls
Primeiro significado
Segundo significado
Ingls
Primeiro significado
Segundo significado
Abstract
Abstrato
Resumo
Individual
Individual
Indivduo
Affiliate
Filiar-se
Determinar Paternidade
Interest
Interesse
Juros
Affluent
Afluente
Rico
Just
Justo
Apenas
Ambulant
Paciente de Ambulatrio
Capaz de Caminhar
Legend
Legenda
Lenda
Apology
Apologia
Desculpas
Letter
Letra
Carta
Application
Aplicao
Requerimento
Match
Ligar (Relacionar)
Partida (Jogo)
Apply
Aplicar
Inscrever-se
Major
Major
Principal
Argument
Argumento
Discusso
Manifest
Manifesto
bvio
Arm
Arma
Brao
Mark
Marca
Nota
Bachelor
Bacharel
Solteiro
Mass
Massa
Missa
Balance
Balana
Equilbrio
Matter
Matria
Assunto
Ball
Bola
Medicine
Medicina
Remdio
Bar
Bar
Barra
Move
Mover
Mudar
Bat
Basto de beisebol
Morcego
Observe
Observar
Celebrar
Cancel
Cancelar
Carimbar
Official
Oficial
Autoridade
Capital
Capital
Maiscula
Oil
leo
Petrleo
Case
Caso
Estojo
Operator
Operador
Telefonista
Cell
Clula
Cela
Order
Ordem
Pedido
Character
Carter
Personagem, caractere
Park
Parque
Estacionar
China
China
Porcelana
Period
Perodo
Menstruao
Class
Classe
Aula
Plant
Planta
Fbrica
Classified
Classificado
Confidencial
Principal
Principal
Diretor da escola
Club
Clube
Taco de golfe
Pupil
Pupila
Aluno
Coll
Fresco
Legal
Race
Raa
Corrida
Collect
Colecionar
Cobrar, coletar
Rare
Raro
Compass
Compasso
Bssola
Record
Recorde
Gravar
Confirmed
Confirmado
Inveterado
Rest
Resto
Descansar
Consistent
Consistente
Compatvel
Retire
Retirar
Aposentar
Content
Contente
Contedo
Roll
Rolo
Lista
Date
Date
Tmara, Encontro
Save
Salvar
Economizar
Directory
Diretoria
Lista telefnica
Scale
Escala
Balana
Easy
Fcil
Em Paz / Confortvel
Sequel
Sequela
Sequencia
Effective
Efetivo
Verdadeiro
Spectacles
Espetculos
culos
Entertain
Entreter
Receber visitas
Spirits
Espritos
Bebida alcolica
Faculty
Faculdade (mental)
Corpo Docente
Story
Estria
Pavimento, andar
Figure
Figura
Nmero
Subject
Sujeito
Assunto
Fix
Fixar
Consertar
To Play
Jogar/ Brincar
Tocar / Imitar
General
General
Geral
Turkey
Turquia
Peru
9|Pgina
Complete the chart using the information from the texts below:
1. Czechoslovakias minister of Finance,
Vaclav Klaus, an advocate of free-market
economic reforms, has emerged as his
countrys fastest-rising politician. At a
recent congress of the Civic Forum, the
the coalition that toppled the Communist
regime, Klaus was elected chairman, overwhelming the candidate supported by
President Vaclav Havel. Last week in
Prague, Klaus, 49, talked with NewsWeeks Andrew Nagorski about the
Significance of his upset victory.
Name
Isabel Allende
Age
Nationality
Occupation
76
Czech
Film Director
PREDICTION EXERCISE
a.
Suponhamos que voc acaba de receber um carto-postal de um amigo que est viajando. O carto pegou chuva e
algumas palavras desapareceram. Tente descobrir que palavra foi apagada em cada lacuna atravs da previsibilidade
fornecida pelo contexto.
Querido__________________,
A viagem est sendo _______________ .
Tenho____ divertido bastante por aqui. H muitas
___________ para fazer durante a noite: vrios bares,
restaurantes, cinemas e teatros e ___________
variedade de shows. A cidade _________ bonita,
com uma geografia encantadora. Ontem _____ao Po
de Acar com meus primos. A subida do bondinho d
um ______na barriga, mas vale a pena vencer o
medo. A _________ l do alto do morro fantstica!
Espero ____ tudo esteja bem com vocs. Volto _____
uma semana. Um grande abrao e at a __________.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
10 | P g i n a
Leia os segmentos abaixo e selecione todas as palavras que se paream com o Portugus e aquelas
que so usadas da mesma forma tanto na Lngua Inglesa como na Lngua Portuguesa.
a.
Computers are electronic machines that process information. They can perform complex operations in a
fraction of time. But, they cant think.
b.
Computers are divided into two parts: hardware and software. Hardware refers to the actual equipment and
software refers to the programs that control and coordinate the activities of the computer.
c.
The CPU is the part of a computer that executes the arithmetic and logic operations. It controls all the
computer activities.
d.
Memory is the storage area where a computer saves or retrieve data. It is expressed as quantities of K. For
example, each K is equal to 1,024 bytes and each byte is equal to 8 bits.
e.
A mouse is a device that has a ball underneath. It is used to point the cursor at different parts of the screen or
at specials symbols called icons.
f.
There are many different high-level languages. Each one has its advantage or disadvantage. COBOL, BASIC,
FORTRAN, ALGOL and PASCAL are examples of high-level languages.
g.
Data put into a computer is INPUT. The input is processed according to the program that is being used. The
results of processing are called OUTPUT.
h.
Film transparent de qualit suprieure. Faites de votre imprimante couleur HP Deskjet une machine
fabriquer ls transparents pour rtroprojecteur. (Hewlett Packard)
11 | P g i n a
12 | P g i n a
CONECTIVOS
ADIO
REITERAO
and : e
in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover: alm
disso
as well as: assim como
also: tambm
apart from: com exceo de
both....and: ambos; tanto como
not only ... but also: no apenas...mas tambm
COMPARAO
like, as: como
than: do que
CONTRASTE/CONCESSO/ADVERSATIVA
but: mas
however, neverthless: entretanto
yet: entretanto, ainda
although, even though, though: embora
nonetheless, notwithstanding: no obstante
despite that, in spite of: apesar de
rather than, instead of: em vez de
whereas: enquanto
PROPSITO
in order to: a fim de
so as to: de modo que
CONSEQUNCIA/CONCLUSO
therefore: portanto
consequently, as a result: consequentemente
accordingly: de acordo, adequadamente
hence: pois, ento, da
thus: assim
thereby: assim, desse modo
then: ento
so: ento, pois
finally: finalmente
ALTERNATIVA
otherwise: por outro lado
or: ou
or else: ou ento, ou ainda
either ... or: ou... ou
while, whereas: enquanto
ILUSTRAO
e.g. : (do latim) por exemplo
for instance, for example: por exemplo
such as: tal como
namely: a saber
viz: (do latim) quer dizer
CONDIO
if: se
unless: se no, a menos que
provided that: uma vez que
on condition that: desde que
as long as: uma vez que
subject to: sujeito a
wether: se
CAUSA
because: porque
due to: devido a
as: porque
since: uma vez que
DVIDA OU HIPTESE
perhaps, maybe: talvez
possibly: possivelmente
TEMPORAL
when: quando
while: enquanto
13 | P g i n a
GRUPOS NOMINAIS
So grupos de palavras, compostos por duas ou mais palavras que esto relacionadas entre si, sendo que uma a
palavra principal; o substantivo (ncleo), e as outras so os modificadores; palavras que caracterizam o substantivo.
Electric Energy (Energia Eltrica) Private Investors (Investidores Privados) State Government (Governo Estadual)
Observe que nos grupos nominais em Ingls a palavra principal, ou seja, o substantivo (ncleo) sempre a ltima
palavra do grupo, ao passo que em portugus ns comeamos o grupo com ela. Assim, temos:
United Kingdom (Reino Unido) Parliamentary Vote (Voto Parlamentar) Modern Computer (Computador Moderno)
Laser Printer (Impressora Laser) Central Processor (Processador Central) Personal Computer (Computador Pessoal)
Os grupos nominais podem ter mais de um modificador:
Red Cross Emblem (Emblema da Cruz Vermelha)
Vrias siglas so iniciais de Grupo Nominais:
VIP = Very Important Person
________________________________
WTC = World Trade Center
________________________________
WHO = World Health Organization
________________________________
NASA = National Air and Space Administration
________________________________
USAF = United States Air Force
________________________________
USA = United States of America
________________________________
FBI = Federal Bureau of Investigation
________________________________
Confirma-se ento que a ordem dos grupos nominais em Ingls INVERSA ordem em Portugus:
Data Processing = Processamento de dados
Arithmetic and Logic Operations = Operaes lgicas e aritmticas / Operaes aritmticas e lgicas
Electronic machine = Mquina eletrnica
Pense nas seguintes estruturas: Como elas seriam traduzidas para o Portugus?
RAM
ROM
CD
ALU
ALGOL
BASIC
COBOL
CRT
DDD
DOS
IBM
I/O Devices
MVS
PC
HTML
WWW
14 | P g i n a
FORMAO DE PALAVRAS
Algumas palavras que aparecem nos textos demandam um pouco mais de ateno para inferi-las e reconhec-las durante a leitura. So
as chamadas palavras derivadas, ou seja, palavras que apresentam componentes denominados genericamente de afixos que podem ser prefixos
ou sufixos. O conhecimento da formao das palavras muito til, sem dvida, para sua compreenso. Isto significa que necessrio reconhecer os
afixos mais comumente usados na lngua que se que aprender e, naturalmente, seu significado.
Sufixos e prefixos podem ser acrescentados s palavras dando-lhes novos significados e, quase sempre, alternando sua classe gramatical.
Portanto, ateno: habitue-se a descobrir ou reconhecer o significado de palavras e expresses atravs de prefixos e sufixos, da nova posio que
ocupam na frase, como tambm na alterao da classe gramatical.
A fim de facilitar sua identificao, colocamos a seguir uma lista com os afixos mais usados na lngua inglesa.
Prefixao o prefixo muda o significado da palavra primitiva, mas no muda a classe gramatical.
a (sem)
Amoral
apolitical
asexual
anti (contra)
Anti-clockwise
anti-nuclear
Antichrist
dis (oposto)
Disagree
dishonest
disloyal
Illegal
irregular
imperfect /incomplete
mis (errado)
Misunderstand
misdirect
misaddress
non (no)
Nonsense
non-fiction
non-programable
un (no)
Unmagnetized
uncommon
unprofessional
Overdose
overeat
pre (antes)
Premarital
prefix
Mini, micro
Minicomputer
Microcomputer
Macro, mega
Macroeconomics
Megabyte
Inter (entre)
Interface
Interactive
prehistory
Sufixao o sufixo pode mudar a classe gramatical da palavra sem mudar-lhe o sentido primitivo.
Formao de verbos:
- en
Freshen
blacken
- ify
Simplify
solidify
- ize
Centralize
modernize
Harden
computerize
Formao de advrbios
- ly (mente)
Logically
comparably
Yearly
Downward
homeward
Inward
annually
Formao de substantivos:
- ance / ence
Tolerance
Preference
- or
Operator
Accumulator
Performance
- er
Trainer
Employer
- ee
Trainee
Employee
- ist
Economist
Scientist
Dentist
- ion
Education
Collision
Compilation
- ment
Investment
development
- ity
Sincerity
Generosity
- ism
Modernism
Buddhism
- ness
Happiness
Darkness
- dom
Freedom
Kingdom
- hood
Childhood
Brotherhood
- ship
Friendship
Partnership
programmer
Magnetism
relationship
Formao de adjetivos:
- able, ible
Programmable
Admirable
Divisible
- an, ian
American
Sagitarian
suburban
- ful
Powerful
Hopeful
wonderful/beautiful
-y
Tasty
Healthy
- ic
Poetic
Democratic
- ical/al
Sociological
Magical
- less
Homeless
Childless
Wireless
15 | P g i n a
OS USOS DO ING
Palavras cuja formao composta por ING podem apresentar diferentes classes gramaticais:
Learning pode significar aprendendo; aprender; aprendizagem, dependendo de como apresentada na sentena.
Gerndio (aps o verbo to be)
They are learning how to get more information. (Eles esto aprendendo como conseguir mais informaes.)
Verbo (aps preposies)
This is a way of learning about management. (Esta uma maneira de aprender sobre gerenciamento.)
Adjetivo (parte de um grupo nominal)
This is part of the learning process. (Isto parte do processo de aprendizagem.)
Substantivo
Learning is essencial to life. (Aprendizagem essencial vida.)
Classifique em cada frase as palavras formadas por ING como: substantivo, gerndio, adjetivo ou verbo infinitivo
a. They are learning Computer Science.
b. Teleprocessing is the use of a telecommunication system by a computer.
c. The calculating machine was invented many years ago.
d. The recording surface of a disk has concentric circles called tracks.
e. He works 10 hours without stopping.
f. The printer is printing documents.
g. I prefer typing to writing.
PRONOMES RELATIVOS
Who is for people (not things)
A Programmer is a person who writes programs.
The man who phoned will call you later again.
I know everybody who work in my company.
c.
Whats the name of the river ________ flows through the town?
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
16 | P g i n a
MARCADORES DE SUBSTANTIVOS
Artigos
Definido: THE = o, a, os, as
Indefinido: A, AN = um, uma
Numerais Cardinais:
One, two, three, etc.
Pronomes Demonstrativos:
This
These
That
Those
Quantidades
Many
(a) few
much
(a) little
some
any
every
a lot of
muitos, muitas
poucos, poucas
muito, muita
pouco, pouca
algum, alguns, alguma, algumas
qualquer, quaisquer
todo, toda, todos, todas, cada
muito (a), muitos (as)
17 | P g i n a
REFERNCIA CONTEXTUAL
A referncia contextual tambm representa um recurso auxiliar na compreenso das idias de um texto. As chamadas
palavras de referncia substituem palavras que esto no texto (ou fora dele) e podem classificar-se da seguinte
maneira:
pronomes (pessoais, possessivos, demonstrativos, relativos e indefinidos);
numerais ordinais;
palavras que indicam ordem e exemplificao.
Quando queremos nos referir a alguma coisa (ou idia) que j foi mencionada, ou ainda vai ser mencionada numa
determinada sentena, geralmente utilizamos recursos lingsticos para no tornar a sentena repetitiva.
The magazine which is on the desk is old. (A revista que est sobre a mesa velha.)
Paul and Sue are good friends. They always help us. (Paul and Sue so bons amigos. Eles sempre nos ajudam.)
John works in my office.We like him very much. (John trabalha em meu escritrio. Ns gostamos muito dele.)
Pode-se observar que podemos nos referir a uma idia anterior ou posterior utilizando diferentes PRONOMES;
Subject Pronouns
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
Object Pronouns
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
Them
Possessive
Adjectives Possessive
My
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Your
Their
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Ours
Yours
Theirs
Subject Pronouns
Object Pronouns
Possessive
Adjectives Possessive
I know Ann
You know Ann
He knows Ann
She knows Ann
We know Ann
They know Ann
Ann knows me
Ann knows you
Ann knows him
Ann knows her
Ann knows us
Ann knows them
Its my money
Its your money
Its his money
Its her money
Its our money
Its their money
Its mine
Its yours
Its his
Its hers
Its ours
Its theirs
A. Finish the sentences with mine / yours / ours / theirs / hers / his:
1. Its your money. Its
5. Its their house. Its
2. Its my bag. Its
6. Theyre your books. Theyre
3. Its our car. Its
7. Theyre my glasses. Theyre
4. Theyre her shoes. Theyre
8. Its his coat. Its
B. Classifique os pronomes grifados e indique as respectivas palavras a que eles se referem:
1. Most people are happy in their jobs.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
18 | P g i n a
CASO POSSESSIVO/GENITIVO
Caso possessivo ou genitivo caracterizado quando o substantivo/possuidor designa um ser vivo (pessoa ou animal)
as expresses possessivas so formadas do seguinte modo:
a) Acrescentando-se s ao substantivo/possuidor, quando ele estiver no singular.
The body of the man. The mans body. (O corpo do homem)
b) Acrescentando-se s tambm no caso em que o substantivo/possuidor estiver no plural mas no terminar em s.
The family of the children. The childrens family. (A famlia das crianas)
c) Acrescentando-se apenas um apstrofo ao substantivo/ possuidor, quando ele estiver no plural terminado em s.
The school of the girls. The girls school. (A escola das garotas)
Quando o substantivo/ possuidor designa um ser inanimado, usa a expresso feita com da preposio of :
The door of the car, the trees of the garden, etc.
No entanto, a expresso com s pode ser usada (assim como of) quando o substantivo/ possuidor tiver um sentido
nobre, caso principalmente dos nomes geogrficos, como a Terra, o Sol, o mar, nomes de pases, cidades, etc.
The population of the world = The worlds population
Geralmente usamos -s para pessoas:
Marys computer O computador da Mary. / Marys personal computer O PC da Mary.
Johns laser printer A impressora do John. / The managers equipment O equipamento do gerente.
Friends or Friends :
A casa do meu amigo = My friends house. / A casa dos meus amigos = My friends house.
Usamos of para coisas, lugares, etc.
The high technology of Brazil. Tecnologia de ponta do Brasil.
Whats the name of this village? Qual o nome desta vila?
Madrid is the Capital of Spain. Madrid a Capital da Espanha.
The memory of the computer. (not the computers memory)
19 | P g i n a
IMPERATIVO
A forma imperativa, utilizada para ordenar ou pedir algo, possui a mesma forma do infinitivo do verbo, sem to.
To repair (consertar)
Repair the terminal. / Please repair the equipment. / Repair the engine, please.
Dont press this button. / Please dont press the button. / Dont press this button, please
Para sugerir ou convidar algum para uma ao conjunta usa-se antes do infinitivo do verbo, Let us (Lets).
Lets load the peripherals. / Lets stop. / Lets go.
VERBOS MODAIS
H uma srie de verbos em ingls que expressam idias gerais. J que o objetivo do ingls instrumental diferente (estratgias de
leitura), atenha-se s regras e tradues abaixo, pois elas sero suficientes para nosso propsito.
CAN : Usado para dizer que alguma coisa possvel ou que algum tem a habilidade/capacidade para fazer algo.
Forma negativa: Can not / Cannot / Cant
e.g. Can you swim very fast? No I cant, but I can play chess.
COULD : Usado para dizer que algum tinha habilidade geral para fazer alguma coisa.
Forma negativa: Could not / Couldnt
Usado especialmente com os verbos: ToSee; ToHear; To Smell; To Taste; To Feel; To Remember; To Understand
e..g My grandfather could speak five languages.
MUST : Usado para expressar necessidade, obrigao, deduo forte, proibio.
Forma negativa: Must not / Mustnt
e.g. Fish must live in water. (necessidade) Everybody must uphold laws. (obrigao)
e.g. He must be your father. (Deduo forte) You mustnt tell anyone what I said. (proibio)
MAY/MIGHT : Usados para dizer que alguma coisa possvel ou seja, com 50% de certeza.
Tambm usamos para pedir permisso (de algo incerto, com baixa probabilidade ou mais formal).
No existe diferena importante entre MAY e MIGHT. Podemos dizer, por exemplo:
e.g. Paul may be in his office. / Paul might be in his office. (probabilidade)
e.g. May I dance with your girlfriend? No, you may not. (permisso com baixa probabilidade)
SHOULD : Geralmente usado quando pedimos ou damos uma opinio sobre alguma coisa.
Forma negative: Should not / Shouldnt
e.g. I dont think you should work so hard. / e.g. Mike shouldnt drive really. He is too tired.
20 | P g i n a
21 | P g i n a
A browser is a software program used to access and display pages and files on the web. Browsers require a
connection to the Internet (e.g., through a cable modem, a direct Ethernet connection, or a modem).
Popular web browsers include the following: Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, Internet Explorer, and Safari Mozilla
Firefox, Internet Explorer, Netscape, and Safari are graphical web browsers that can access text, graphics, sound, and
other media. These browsers offer a graphical user interface in which you use a mouse to navigate. Firefox, Internet
Explorer, and Netscape are available for both Windows and Macintosh computers; Safari is available only for MacOS X.
Firefox is available to Indiana University users in all of the Student Technology Centers (STCs). Netscape and
Internet Explorer are available in the Windows STCs; Safari is available in the Macintosh STCs. All are available via
IUware at: http://iuware.iu.edu/
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
MOUSE MEMORIES
In 1968 Douglas Engelbart demoed a strange device called a mouse. Last week 1.500 people gathered at
Stanford University to honor him. Speakers stressed that Engelbarts contributions went beyond the mouse.
His Stanford computer was the second one to hook up to ARPAnet, the Internets predecessor, and he
developed the first use of multiple windows. More important, Engelbart strove to enhance human intelligence, thus
improving our ability to solve problems.
Well click to that.
(Newsweek, December 28, 1998)
1.
O que aconteceu:
a) em 1968?
b) durante a semana anterior a 28 de dezembro de 1998?
2.
3.
Verdadeiro ou Falso; Segundo os oradores, o trabalho de Engelbart restringiu-se criao do mouse. (cite a
linha do texto em que se encontra essa informao)
4.
5.
c) de um livro
d) de uma revista
22 | P g i n a
Timesharing, the concept of linking a large numbers of users to a single computer via remote terminals, is developed
at MIT in the late 50s and early 60s.
1962: Paul Baran of RAND develops the idea of distributed, packet-switching networks.
ARPANET goes online in 1969.
Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf develop the basic ideas of the Internet in 1973.
In 1974 BBN opens the first public packet-switched network - Telenet.
A UUCP link between the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University establishes USENET in 1979.
The first MUD is also developed in 1979, at the University of Essex.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) is established as the standard for ARPANET in 1982.
1987: the number of network hosts breaks 10,000.
1989: the number of hosts breaks 100,000.
Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web. CERN releases the first Web server in 1991.
1992: the number of hosts breaks 1,000,000.
The World Wide Web sports a growth rate of 341,634% in service traffic in its third year, 1993.
The main U.S. Internet backbone traffic begins routing through commercial providers as NSFNET reverts to a research
network in 1994.
The Internet 1996 World Exposition is the first World's Fair to be held on the internet.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Computer specialists include System Analysts, Programmers and Operators. Systems Analysts develop
methods for computerizing business. They also improve the efficiency of systems in use. Application Programmers
write commercial programs to be used by business, science center and home. System Programmers write the complex
programs that control the inner working of the computer. Computer operators handle several types of computers.
Other people who work in the computer field include Computer Scientists, who conduct research and teach
at universities; Hardware Designers and Engineers, who work in areas such as microchip and peripheral equipment
design; Information Center Administrators or Data Base Administrators, who manage the information collections of
business or data banks.
Excerpted from Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia 1993, 1994.
23 | P g i n a
PRINTING CONCEPTS
When users print, the computer completes several steps that involve a set of components including
executable files, drivers, device interfaces, and dynamic-link libraries, which work together to create the
printed output. Understanding how this process works helps you understand what happens when you print
a document and how to solve printing problems. Printing has two parts: printing process and the print
components. The two parts make the printing process possible. When printing to an Internet print server,
the print server adds to the standard print process by creating an interface for users.
VOCABULARY
To print = imprimir
Print = impresso
Printer = impressora
Set = jogo, conjunto, grupo,
To set up = iniciar, instalar, estabelecer-se
Drive = unidade de disco
Standar = padro
Device = dispositivo
1.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
3.
24 | P g i n a
We have received the VB100% in the test of Virus Bulletin in June 2004 on Windows XP platform.
100% detection rate of AVG Anti-Virus System is continuously certified by independent ICSA laboratories.
(www.avg.com)
25 | P g i n a
WHATS AN ALGORITHM?
An algorithm is a sequence of instructions that tells how to solve a particular problem. Once the
problem has been identified, the next step is to select the best method for solving it. If the problem is a
familiar one, standardized algorithms may be available from program libraries. But if standard algorithms
are not available or suitable, a new algorithm must be written and then added to the program library. An
algorithm must be specified exactly, so there can be no doubt about what to do next, and it must have a
finite number of steps. A computer program is an algorithm that is written in a language that a computer
can understand, but the same algorithm could be written in several different languages.
Observe a sentena: Once the problem has been identified, the next step is to select the best
method for solving it.
1) A classificao da palavra solving :
a) substantivo (soluo)
b) gerndio (resolvendo)
c) particpio (resolvido)
d) verbo/infinitivo (resolver)
2) O pronome it (ltima palavra) refere-se a:
a) problem
b) identified
c) select
d) method
3) Observando o uso do verbo modal must a traduo apropriada da sentena it must have a finite number of
steps, :
a) ele (algoritmo) poderia ter um nmero finito de passos.
b) ele (algoritmo) no precisa ter um nmero finito de passos.
c) ele (algoritmo) deve ter um nmero finito de passos.
d) ele (algoritmo) no pode ter um nmero finito de passos.
e) ele (algoritmo) talvez tenha um nmero finito de passos.
26 | P g i n a
Retire do texto dois pronomes relativos e indique as respectivas palavras a que se referem:
a) ______________ -- ________________________
b) ______________ -- ________________________
27 | P g i n a
Magnetic tape it is one of the principal input/output recording media used with computers and is mainly used for storing
intermediate results of computations and for compact storing of large amounts of data, in an ordered sequence. It is much cheaper
to store information on tape than in the computer main memory or on a disk memory device, but it takes longer to locate a
particular data item if it is stored on tape: data must be stored and accessed sequentially.
Magnetic disk it consists of a series of concentric paths or tracks each capable of storing data in magnetically coded form. It
looks like a phonograph record and a series of disks is mounted on a vertical shaft. One or more access arms move into the disk to
read or write the data stored on it. Disks may be hard (made out of aluminum) or floppy (made out of plastic). Disks may be
permanently attached to the drive unit or they may be made up as removable disk packs. Disks may be made even more efficient
by using laser beam to read and write data.
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
Indique os dois erros do Presente Simples com crculos e d as formas verbais corretas:
Some mail systems uses a large disk space, but they doesnt determine any amount before its use.
28 | P g i n a
WHATS A COMPUTER?
1 Nowadays, in most modern societies, almost everybody has an idea about what a computer is. We
depend on computers in every aspect of our lives whether we know how to use one or not. But does
everyone really know how a computer works inside?
A computer is an electronic machine which processes data and provides the results of the processing as
5 information. There are three basic steps in the computing process. The first one is input, which consists
of feeding data into the computers memory. Then comes the processing: the program is run and the
computer processes the data by performing a set of instructions. The third and final step is the output
furnished by the computer, which allows the user to see the results either in printed from or on the
screen.
10 The world of computers has created a specific language of its own. English words such as software and
hardware are used worldwide and have been borrowed by many different languages. Software is
information in the form of data and programs, and hardware refers to the electronic and mechanical
parts that make up a computer system.
Despite the constant presence of computers in most modern societies, it is a great mistake to believe
15 that everybody in the world is computer-literate, i.e., is familiar with computers and knows how to use
them properly. In some contemporary societies, many people still have no idea about the existence of
computers, and even in the so-called developed countries, there are lots of people who do not know or
do not care about what a computer is.
Procure no texto as seguintes informaes. Nos espaos em branco, escreva os nmeros das linhas em que elas se
encontram:
1) ________ O computador processa dados e fornece os resultados em forma de informao.
2) ________ um erro acreditar que todo mundo hoje em dia saiba usar o computador.
3) ________ O processo de computao envolve trs etapas bsicas.
4) ________ O mundo da computao criou uma linguagem prpria.
5) ________ Hoje em dia quase todo mundo tem uma idia do que seja um computador.
6) ________ Algumas dessas palavras vm sendo usadas pelo mundo afora, tomadas emprestadas por outras lnguas.
7) ________ Algumas sociedades contemporneas desconhecem o computador.
8) ________ A etapa final permite ao usurio ver os resultados do processamento.
9) ________ Mesmo nos pases ditos desenvolvidos, h pessoas que no sabem o que um computador e no se
importam em saber.
O autor conclui o texto afirmando que algumas sociedades contemporneas e muitas pessoas dos pases
desenvolvidos desconhecem o computador ou no ligam para ele, sem dar exemplos. Em sua opinio, quais seriam
essas sociedades e essas pessoas?
Escreva na primeira coluna os nmeros correspondentes s palavras definidas na segunda.
a) ________ computer
b) ________ input
c) ________ processing
d) ________ output
e) ________ screen
f) ________ software
g) ________ hardware
h) ________ data
29 | P g i n a
SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE (Computer), computer program; instructions that cause the hardware (machine) to do work. Software can
be divided into a number of categories based on the types of work done by programs. The two primary software
categories are operating system which control the workings of the computer, and application software which
addresses the multitude of tasks for which people use computers. Operating System includes programming languages
and utility programs. Application Software includes software that executes accounting, word processing, data
management, communications and graphics. Two additional categories are network software which enable groups of
computers to communicate and language software which provide programmers the tools they need to write
programs. See also OPERATING SYSTEM; PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.
Excerpted from Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia
1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
SOFTWARE
CATEGORIAS
SISTEMA
SOFTWARE
DE
OPERACIONAL
LINGUAGEM
CARACTERSTICAS
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
COMUNICAO
_____________
30 | P g i n a
SOFTWARE PIRACY
Software piracy is the unauthorized and illegal duplication of copyrighted computer software. The most common
forms include copying for personal use, for use among employees of a company, and for resale. The latter includes
manufacturing of counterfeit packages that pretend to be originals.
Piracy is the most widespread computer crime. The Software Publishers Association (SPA), the principal trade group of
the personal computing software industry, estimated that in 1994 the industry lost $8.08 billion worldwide due to
illegal copying of operating systems, education, entertainment, or personal productivity software.
Excerpted from The 1996 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia.
1995 Grolier Incorporated. All rights reserved.
2. De acordo com o texto, a pirataria considerada um crime? Retire do texto a sentena que afirma ou nega isso?
4) Observe a palavra grifada: The latter includes the manufacturing of counterfeit packages that pretend to be
originals. Ela um cognato ou um falso-cognato? Qual o seu real significado?
31 | P g i n a
VIRTUAL REALITY
Researchers in computer imaging technology are developing systems by which users can experience a simulated
three-dimensional reality (3D). This simulated reality is known as virtual reality (VR). Sometimes the term cyberspace
is used as synonym with VR.
Since the 1970s, technologists have learned how to produce animated computer images of objects that exhibit
colors, textures and special changings. The images can also be subjected to changing light conditions and to simulated
effects of gravity and other forces. The results can look as real as actual motion pictures.
The further aim of technologists is to make it for person t enter and actually manipulate VR. This is being
achieved by having an observer who wears a headgear through which computer images are displayed on small screens
in front of the eyes. At the same time, gloves that are equipped with sensors are transmitting apparent changes of
body orientation in VR. A simpler form of these VR techniques is seen in the flight simulators used for training pilots.
Adapted from: Grolier Electronic Publishing, Inc., 1996
32 | P g i n a
INTERNET
Internet started in 1969, in a military project in which 21 computers were linked. This means that a person in one oh
those computers could read the files of any other computer in the same network. This project was called ARPANET.
During the 70s and 80s, computer technology developed vary fast. Networks were developed, like the
ARPANET.You will do everything through Internet: shopping, electronic forums, debates etc. The Internet will be the
necessary basis for our everyday life. (Adapted from Sun, Amos)
1) O que o texto afirma sobre a Internet? Escolha apenas uma alternativa correta e traduza na linha abaixo.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
3) De acordo com o texto a frase computers were linked pode ser traduzida como:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
5) traduza a frase: a person in one of those computers could read the files of any other computer in the same
network.
33 | P g i n a
JAVA
Who is the champion in the world about plataforms! If you said windows, youre wrong. The champion in
technology is Java. It was created by sun to work in receptors of cable TV, adapted for Internet and later to PDA s,
cell phones and similars.
Java is a program language. Softwares that are writen in this language can be executed in any dispositive,
since it has the operational system.
This independence is possible due to the fact that this technology is based in a complex software that permits
to execute any order.
The name arose from a conversation among programmers in a coffee shop Java is one kind of coffee from
Java island. From the name, others have arisen at the same time: Java beans Hot Java- only to exemplify. The stylistic
cup is the famous reference. And there is one thing that only programmers know. The first four bytes of any file class
are in hexadecimal, OXCAFEBABE.
Finally, about micro Edition, we have Java me, more known as Jame.
Java logo (created by sun)
(adapted from Internet Magazine, by Niuza Barone Peres, June, 2006)
2. What is Java?
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PUZZLE
Existem dezessete palavras no quadro abaixo. Encontre-as e indique a traduo de cada uma delas, relacionando as colunas (as que
no souber deixe em branco). Comece localizando os cognatos.
E
VOCABULARY
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
COMPUTER
DATA
FEATURE
TO STORE
TO PERFORM
BEADS
RODS
DEVICES
TOOTHED WHEELS
TO HANDLE
CARRIES
DIGIT
ENGINE
PROGRAM
SINCE THEN
DEVELOPED
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
) dispositivos
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PESQUISA DE VOCABULRIO
DISK DRIVE DISPLAY UNIT FLOPPY DISK HARD COPY - HARDWARE SOFTWARE KEYBOARD
MACHINE LANGUAGE MONITOR PRINTER PROGRAM PROGRAMMER SCREEN
SOFT COPY STORAGE MIDIA WORK STATION WORD PROCESSING WINCHESTER
1.
The part of a computer system that carries the instructions and programs; the opposite of hardware:
______________________.
2.
All the physical part of a computer such as monitor, CPU, drives, keyboard, printer, the opposite of software:
______________________.
3.
Language that programmers use to give the computer its basic instructions: ________________________.
4.
step-by-step
series
of
instructions
that
tells
the
computer
how
to
perform
task:
________________________.
5.
The object that prints out the paper copies of documents: ________________________.
6.
7.
It
is
similar
to
TV
and
displays
information:
_______________________________,
__________________________ or ___________________________.
8.
Consist of monitors, keyboards and printer divided by two or more people: ________________________.
9.
Collective term for hard disk, floopy disk, tapes, cards on which computers store information:
_________________________.
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USO DO DICIONRIO
O dicionrio uma fonte de muitos tipos de informaes sobre palavras.
COMPUTER (KAMPJULTER): An electronic machine that can be supplied with a program.
Voc pode notar que podemos encontrar: A representao fontica das palavras; Abreviaturas; Significado das palavras; Classe
gramatical das palavras.
Veja o exemplo seguinte e responda:
1. Qual a representao fontica da palavra look?
2. Quantos significados ela pode ter como substantivo? E como verbo?
3. Qual a primeira expresso mencionada?
4. Qual o significado de to look for?
Look (luk) s. 1. Olhar m., olhadela f. 2. Expresso f. aspecto m// v. 1 Olhar 2. Contemplar, observar. 3. /considerar.
4. Prestar ateno. 5. Ter vista para. 6. Parecer. 7. Inspecionar, examinar
Have a ~ at It d uma olhada nisto. It ~s like rain est com aspecto de chuva, ameaa chover. ~ out seja cuidadoso.
To ~ after 1. Procurar 2. Cuidar de. To ~ down upon menosprezar. To ~ for 1. Procurar 2. Esperar, antecipar.
Adaptado do dicionrio Ingls/Portugus Michaellis
Verbos
Quando voc procura um verbo no dicionrio geralmente encontra a base do verbo, por exemplo: look, work, teach. Mas, quando
lemos textos encontramos os verbos sob diferentes formas: looking, worked, teaches. Quando o verbo irregular encontramos a
seguinte explicao no dicionrio: Fell/fel/ v. passado de fall. Assim, ter que procurar o verbo na sua forma base (fall), para
encontrar a definio da palavra.
Observe os seguintes exemplos em Portugus e Ingls. Quais as semelhanas na forma de utilizao das palavras no Portugus e no
Ingls?
1. Ele apagou as velas.
2. Tenho que limpar as velas do carro.
3. O marinheiro levantou as velas do barco.
4. Eu no vou ao cinema com eles porque detesto segurar vela.
claro que o contexto sempre importante para a compreenso das palavras que tm vrios significados diferentes. Em Ingls
tambm o contexto muito importante para a interpretao adequada dos vocbulos.
The waiter fills their glasses with champagne. He went to the optician for a new pair of glasses. The window is made of glass.
I like computers.
OS2 operating system is like Ms DOS
Voc precisa ter em mente que na leitura de textos tcnicos voc encontrar vrias palavras em ingls que talvez j faam parte de
seu vocabulrio, mas que nesse contexto iro adquirir novos significados.
Qual a traduo mais adequada para os vocbulos em negrito?
1. I will substitute my computer by a notebook.
2. I need a new notebook for my English classes
3. I need the key to open the door.
4. To enter the program, press any key.
5. I have to save money to by a new car.
6. Dont forget to save the file before turning off the computer.
(Atividade adaptada da apostila elaborada pelas professoras Mrcia C. Bonamim e Magali N. de Paula)
Abreviaturas mais comuns encontradas nos dicionrios
f. feminino
m. masculino
m. pl = masculino plural
p.p. = particpio passado
pl = plural
pop. = popular
pref. = prefixo
prep. = preposio
pret. = pretrito
pron. = pronome
s. substantivo
s.pl = plural
sg. = singular
sup. = superlativo
v. = verbo
var. = variante de
Smbolos Comuns:
separao da categoria morfolgica
~ substitui a palavra de entrada (ou seja, a
palavra que se est consultando)
Smbolos fonticos: Formas de pronncia
Vogais / Ditongos / Semivogais / Consoantes
Sinal que significa acentuao
Sinal : que significa prolongao
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REFERNCIAS
MAIN SOURCE. Material de apoio de Ingls instrumental: Tecnologia em redes de comptadores (organized by Adriana Soeiro Pino;
Chafia Laszkiew; Silvana Vieira Elias Satyro; Verusca Praciano de Paula; Yara Marisol Contipelli) 2008.
BOECKNER, Keith & BROWN, P. Charles. Oxford English for Computing.Oxford:Oxford University Press, 1996.
CRUZ, Dcio Torres & SILVA, Alba Valria & ROSAS, Marta. Ingls.com.textos para informtica. Salvador: O Autor , 2001.
MARTINS, Elisabeth P. & PASQUALIN, Ernesto & AMOS, Eduardo. Graded English. So Paulo: Moderna,1993.
MUNHOZ, Rosngela. Ingls Instrumental Estratgias de Leitura. Mdulo I. So Paulo: TEXTO NOVO, 2000.
________.Ingls Instrumental Estratgias de Leitura. Mdulo II. So Paulo: TEXTO NOVO, 2001.
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