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ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ :
ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻰ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻨﺸﺎﻁﻬﺎ ﺘﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺘﻴﻥ :
ﻼ.
) (١ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﻯ :ﻜﺄﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺒﻌﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﻤﻭﺍﻝﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻴﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﻤﺜ ﹰ
) (٢ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻰ :ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﺒﺎﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﻨﻜـﻭﻥ
ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴﻪ ﻜﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻴﻴﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ – ﻭﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴـﺭ
ﺒﺈﺭﺍﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻊ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻁﺭﻑ ﺍﺨﺭ ﻨﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺼﺩﺩ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ .
ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺒﺭﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻘﻭﺩﺍ ﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻘﻭﺩﺍ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﻪ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻴﻁﺒﻕ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ
ﻓﺎﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴﻪ ﻴﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻘـﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘـﻰ ﺘﺒﺭﻤﻬـﺎ
ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻁﺭﻓﹰﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ .ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻰ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻁﺭﻓﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻜﺎﻓﺌﻴﻥ ﻭﻴﻤﺜـل ﻤﺼـﺎﻝﺢ
ﻤﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝﻪ ﺍﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻪ ﻭﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺤﺎﻁ ﺒﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻅﻤﻪ ﻝﺘﻜـﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘـﺩ
ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﺒﺭﺍﻤﻪ ﻭﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﺤﻜﺎﻤﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻻﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺘﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﺘـﻰ
ﻨﻀﻤﻥ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻓﻼ ﺘﺤﺼل ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻ ﺒﺄﻗل ﺍﻻﺴﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺘﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻻ ﺒﺄﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﻌﺎﺭ
ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻫﺩﺍ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺸﺭﻉ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﺨل ﻝﻭﻀﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ٨٩ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ١٩٩٨ﻭﻻﺌﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺒﻘﺭﺍﺭ
ﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻡ ١٣٦٧ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ١٩٩٨ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﻗﺎﺌﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ ) (٢٠١ﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﻓﻰ ٦ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒﺭ . ١٩٩٨
ﻭﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻉ ﻤﺎﻴﻠﻰ :
-١ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭﺼﻭﺭﻩ
-٢ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺠﺎل ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ .
-٣ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ .
-٤ﺴﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ .
-٥ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻤﻴﻥ .
-٦ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ .
ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭﺼﻭﺭﻩ :
ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ – ﺒﺼﻔﻪ ﻋﺎﻤﻪ – ﺒﺄﻨﻪ ﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﺃﺜﺭ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻰ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﺃﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺜﺭ ﻫﻭ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ
ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﺩﻴﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻨﻬﺎﺌﻪ ،ﻭﻗﺩ ﻴﺒﺭﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻁﺒﻴﻌـﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭﻴﻴﻥ ) ﺃﻭ ﺸﺨﺼـﻴﺔ
ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ( .
ﻭﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺒﺄﻨﻪ !! ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻴﺒﺭﻤﻪ ﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻯ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺒﻘﺼﺩ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻋـﺎﻡ
ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻅﻬﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ – ﺃﻯ ﺍﻝﺸﺨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ – ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺨﺫ ﺒﺄﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌـﺎﻡ
ﻭﺍﻴﺔ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻭﻁﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤـﻊ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ
ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻙ ﻓﻰ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ !! .
ﻭﺘﺒﺩﻭ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻴﻴﺯ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﺭﻤﻪ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻰ ﻝﻠﻌﻘـﺩ
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻜل ﻋﻘﺩ ﺘﺒﺭﻤﻪ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﻭ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ ،ﻓﺎﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺒﺭﻡ ﻋﻘﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﺘﺨﻀـﻊ ﻝﻠﻘـﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨـﺎﺹ
) ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻰ ( ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻻﻭل ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ،ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺒﺭﻡ ﻋﻘﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﺘﺨﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻨﻰ ﺨـﺎﺹ ﻭﻫـﻭ
ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺜﻼﺜﻪ ﻝﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﻘﻭﺩﹰﺍ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻰ :
-١ﺃﻥ ﺘﺒﺭﻤﻪ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻜﺸﺨﺹ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻯ ﻋﺎﻡ ) ﻜﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﻪ – ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﻪ – ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻪ (
-٢ﺃﻥ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ .
-٣ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻭﻁﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﻪ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓﻪ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻰ ﻤﺜل ﺇﺨﻀﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻊ
ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺤﻕ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗـﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻗـﻑ
ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﻭ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻓﺴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﺈﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﻩ .ﻭﺘﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻌﻘـﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴـﻪ ﺒﺤﺴـﺏ ﺃﻏﺭﺍﻀـﻬﺎ
ﻭﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺘﺴﻊ ﻝﺘﺸﻤل ﺼﻭﺭ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻻﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﺭﺘﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺘﻔـﺎﻕ
ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﺘﺒﺭﻤﻪ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻘﺩﹰﺍ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ .
ﺃﻭﻻ - :ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺌﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﻪ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ،ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻰ :
-ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺒﺭﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ،ﻭﻝﻜـﻥ ﻝﺠﻬﺘـﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺎﻀـﻰ
ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻅﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ :
ﺃ – ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ – ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻯ – ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻻﺨﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﻤﺠﻠﺱ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ.
ﺏ-ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻰ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ – ﻋﻘﺩ ﺨﺎﺹ – ﻴﺨﻀﻊ ﻝﻠﻤﺤﺎﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﻀـﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﺩﻴـﺔ ﻭﻴﺠـﻭﺯ ﻓـﻰ
ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺘﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺘﺴﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺸﺘﺭﻁ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ٢٧ﻝﺴﻨﺔ
١٩٩٤ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻝﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﺒﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﺴﻠﻭﺒﺎ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎﺌﻴﹰﺎ ﻝﻔﺽ ﻤﻨﺎﺯﻋـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ .
ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ - :ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺃﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﻪ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ :
ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻥ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺘﻜﻔل ﻗﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﺘﻐﻠﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ
ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﻌﺽ ﺤﻘﻭﻗﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻤﺘﻌـﻭﻥ
ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﻓـﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘـﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴـﻪ
ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻰ ﻝﻠﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺘﺭﻥ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺕ .
) ﻤﺜل -١ :ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻤل ﺍﻷﻤﻴﺭ -٢ .ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ -٣ .ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼـﻌﻭﺒﺎﺕ ﻏﻴـﺭ
ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻭﻗﻌﻪ ( .
ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﻨﺎ ﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭﺼﻭﺭﻩ ﻭﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﺘﻤﻴﺯﻩ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺎ ﺘﺒﺭﻤﻪ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻘـﻭﺩ ﻴﺠـﺏ ﺃﻥ
ﻨﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﺒﺭﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺼـﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜـﻪ
ﻤﺜل ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﺨﺼﻪ ﻭﻋﻭﻝﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺘﺤﺭﻴﺭﻩ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺎﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ .
ﺇﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻭل ﺘﺴﻌﻰ ﻝﺠﺫﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺠﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ،ﻭﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻡ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨـﺎﺹ
ﻓﻰ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ،ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺒﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻯ .ﻭﻜﻴﻑ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ
ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻨﻤﺎ ﺇﺨﻼل ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺼـﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻭﺤﺴـﻥ ﺴـﻴﺭ
ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﻁﻨﻴﻥ ؟
ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺘﻤﻴل ﻷﺨﺫ ﻤﺘﻁﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﺒﻘﺩﺭ ﺍﻜﺒﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ
ﻝﻪ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ:
ﺃ -ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل :
ﻅﻬﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻝﻠﺨﺼﺨﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺤﻭل ﻝﻠﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﻜﺒﺩﻴل ﻋﻥ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ
ﻝﻠﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﺘﻭﻜل ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺸﺨﺹ ﺨﺎﺹ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﺎﺌﺩ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻤﻘﺎﺒـل
ﺍﻗﺘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺒﺎﺡ .
ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻪ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﻪ
ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺜل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻤﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﺴﻴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺤﻼﺕ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴـﺔ ﻴﻜـﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻐـﺭﺽ
ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻰ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻌﻅﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﺢ .
ﻼ ﻝﻼﺴﺘﻐﻼل ،
ﻋﻘﺩ ﺒﻤﻘﺘﻀﺎﻩ ﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﺒﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻭﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﺜﻡ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﻝﻼﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﺎﺒ ﹰ
ﻅﻬﺭﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻜﻭﺴﻴﻠﻪ ﻝﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﻝﺠﺫﺏ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻝﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﻩ ﻝـﻡ ﻴﻜـﻥ ﻤﺘﺎﺤـﺎ
ﻝﻠﻘﻁﺎﻉ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻝﺩﺨﻭل ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻘﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻨﻰ ﻭﻤﺤﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺘﻌـﺭﻑ ﻋﻘـﻭﺩ
ﺍﻝــ BOTﺒﺄﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻤﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﻭﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨﹰﺎ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺴﺌﻭل ﻋـﻥ ﺇﻨﺸـﺎﺀ
ﻭﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﻭﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺨﺩﻤﺔ Facilityﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻰ ،ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺩﻭﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﺍﻻﺼﻴل .
ﻭﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻴﺘﻘﺎﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﻋﺎﺌﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻴﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺍﺨﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﻭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻭﻨﻔﻘـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ،ﻝﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺎﻤﺵ ﺭﺒﺢ .
ﻓﻌﻘﻭﺩ BOOTﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ BUILdﺜﻡ ﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺭﻭﻉ OWNﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸـﻐﻴل Operate
ﻭﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺩﻭﻝﺔ . Transfer
ﺭﻏﻡ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻰ ﻴﺩل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﺇﻗﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻤـﻥ
ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻝﺤﺎﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻨﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻝﺴﻨﻭﺍﺕ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻭﻴﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ
ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﻴﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﺌﺩﺍ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻥ ﻴﻐﻁﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺃﻻﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ
ﻭﻴﺤﻘﻕ ﺭﺒﺤﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ .
ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺼﺎﻝﺢ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻻﺸـﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴـﺔ
ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل .ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻻﺘﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤـﺩﺓ ﺇﺴـﺘﻐﻼل
ﻤﻌﻘﻭﻝﺔ ﺘﺴﻤﺢ ﻝﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ
ﺠـ -ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ :
ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﺯﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻓﺭﻋﹰﺎ ﻜﺜﻴﺭﺓ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻓﻰ
ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻰ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﺎﻋﻰ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻴﻠﺯﻡ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻜﺘﺴـﺎﺏ
ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﻻﻜﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺒﻤﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل .ﻭﻗﺩ ﺤﺭﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺸـﺭﻉ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺘﻨﻅـﻴﻡ ﻋﻘـﺩ ﻨﻘـل
ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻗﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩ .
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻰ ﻝﻠﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻰ ﻴﺴﺘﻠﺯﻡ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺇﺒﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻀﺨﻤﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ
ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻭﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭﺹ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺩﺭﻴﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ .
ﺘﺄﺨﺫ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ Cle en Turn Key Contractﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺍﻻﻤـﺭ
ﺒﺄﺤﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻯ .ﻓﻴﺘﻌﻬﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭل ) ﻓﺭﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ ﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ( ﺒﺎﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤـل ﻜﻠـﻪ
ﻝﻴﺴﻠﻡ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻴﻪ ﺍﻭ ﻤﻴﻜﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴـﺔ ﻭﺨﻼﻓـﻪ ،
ﻭﻴﺴﻠﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻓﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﻪ ﻤﺴﺘﻌﺩﹰﺍ ﻝﻠﻌﻤل ﻓﻭﺭ ﺘﺴﻠﻤﻪ .
ﻭﻴﻌﺩ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻗﺩﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻻﺸﻐﺎل ،ﻓﺎﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﺘﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻊ ﻤﻘﺎﻭل ﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ
ﻭﺍﺤﺩ ﻝﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻨﻭﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭﺓ ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻁﻥ
ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻜل ﻓﻰ ﺘﺨﺼﺼﻪ ﻻﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﻪ ﻭﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ
ﻓﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻋﻴﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ .
ﻭﻴﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭل ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺒﻌﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭل ﻤﻭﺭﺩﹰﺍ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ
ﻝﻬﺎ ،ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﻭﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯﻩ ) ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ( .ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ
ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ،ﻭﺍﺨﻴﺭﹰﺍ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻀﻤﺎﻥ
-٤ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ
ﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻼﻗﻰ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﺘﻴﻥ ﻓﺈﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺭﺍﺩﺓ .
-١ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ
– ٢ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل .
ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﺕ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺘﺎﻥ ) ﺍﻻﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ( ﺍﻨﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ .
ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻤﻨﻁﻕ ﺍﻻﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﻴﻔﺭﺽ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ
ﺍﻹﻴﺠﺎﺏ ﻭﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﻘﺒﻭل ،ﻭﻫﻰ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ .
١ – ٣ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﻯ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺍﺤﺘﺎﺠﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻐﻴﺭ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻓﺈﻨﻬﺎ
ﺘﻭﺠﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺤﺩﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ – ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ – ﻭﻫﻰ ﻤﺎ
ﻨﻘﺼﺩ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻭﺍﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﺤﻴﺎل ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ
ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﺭﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ :
ﺃ – ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ :
-ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻫﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻤﻨﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻕ
ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺭﻴﺢ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻋﺏﺀ ﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﻭﺴﺒل ﺍﻝﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ
.
-ﻭﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺭﻓﻊ ﻤﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﺒﺎﻻﺤﺘﻴﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﺴﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘـﺩﻋﻭ
ﻝﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل ،ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺘﺭﺡ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺡ .
-ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻴﺠﺏ ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻝﺠﻨﺔ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻌـﺩ ﻜﺭﺍﺴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺸـﺭﻭﻁ
ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺴﻴﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨـــﻪ ) ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠـﺎﻥ (
ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻔﺼﻴل ﻭﺍﻝﻭﻀﻭﺡ ﻭﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻼﺼﻭل ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻪ *
ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻜﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺼﺔ ﻻﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴـﻴﻥ
ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ) ﻋﻼﻤﺔ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﻪ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﻻ ﻴﻘﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ
ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻻ ﻤﻘﺎﻭل ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻪ ) ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ ( ﻭﻻ ﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻨﻘﺼﹰﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻻ ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﻪ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﺍﻋـﺩ
ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺤﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﻨﺯﺍﻫﺘﻬﺎ .
ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ – ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻻﺕ – ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ
* ﺘﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ) (٩ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ٨٩ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ١٩٩٨ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﻭﺍﺼـﻔﺎﺕ
ﻓﻨﻴﻪ
ﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﻪ ﺼﺎﺤﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻭ ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻤﺅﻫﻠﺔ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﺭ .
ﺘﻔﺭﻍ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻜﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﻝﻜل ﻤﻥ ﻴﺭﻏﺏ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻝﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ٠
-ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻼﺯﻡ ﻝﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺫ ﻻ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻰ ﻝﻼﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺘﻤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺎﻝﻴﹰﺎ ،ﻭﻴﺘﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺄﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻁﺭﺡ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻰ .
-ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺎﺴﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻭﻗﻴﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﺴـﻠﻁﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼـﻪ
ﻭﺍﻴﺩﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﻤﻅﺭﻭﻓﹰﺎ ﻤﻐﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ..
ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻭﺴﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻔﺼﺢ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺩﻋﻭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩﻴﻥ ﻝﻠﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﻌﺭﻭﻀﻬﻡ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ
ﻻ ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻻﺴﺎﻝﻴﺏ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ .
ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻡ ٨٩ﻝﺴﻨﺔ ١٩٩٨ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻭ ﹰ
ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻓﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻰ ﺠﺭﻴﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺤﻑ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻴﺼﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤـﻥ ﻭﺴـﺎﺌل
ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻭﻝﻤﺭﺘﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﺘﺎﻝﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻗل ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺭﻴـﺩﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻴﺼـﺎل
ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ .
ﻴﺠﺏ ﺇﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻜﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﻌﺭﻭﻀﻬﻡ ﻝﻺﻁﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻋـﺩﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺘﻬﻡ
ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﺭﻭﺽ ﻝﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺜﻼﺜﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﺘﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺼﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻋـﻼﻥ ) ﺍﻝﻨﺸـﺭ ( ﺍﻻﻭل ﻭﺤﺘـﻰ ﻓـﺘﺢ
ﺍﻝﻤﻅﺎﺭﻴﻑ ) ﺠﻠﺴﺔ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻅﺎﺭﻴﻑ ( ﻭﻴﺠﻭﺯ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺠﺎل ﺘﻘﺼﻴﺭ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻋﺸﺭﻴﻥ ﻴﻭﻤﺎ ﺒﻤﻭﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻁﺔ
ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺼﻪ .
ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﻪ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ :
ﻭﻴﻠﺠﺄ ﻝﻠﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺘﻜﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺸﺭﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻻﺼﻠﻰ ﻝﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻝﻔﻨﻴـﺔ
ﺃﻭ ﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺨﺼﻭﺼﻴﺔ .ﻭﻜﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻭﻤﻰ .
ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻤﻜﻨﺎ ﻭﻤﺘﻔﻘﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻤﺼـﻠﺤﺔ
ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ .ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻻﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺭﺏ ﻝﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﻤﺒﺎﺩﻯﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﺎﻓﺅ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﺹ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﺴـﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﺤﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴـﺔ ،
ﻭﺍﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎ ﺀ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﻝﻠﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺘﻜـﻭﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘـﺔ
ﻝﺭﻭﺡ ﻭﻤﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ .
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻊ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺨﻼل ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻨﻬﺎﺌﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻌﻠﻴﻕ
ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫﻩ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻼﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺈﺭﺍﺩﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻔﺭﺩﺓ ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺃﻭ ﺃﻨﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺩﻭﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻻﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻤﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻓﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﺭﻗﺎﺒﺔ
ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﻯ .
-٥ﺃﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ
ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﺩﺍﺌﻰ ﻁﺒﻘﺎ ﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ) (١٧ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻠﻎ ﻴﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻌﻁﺎﺀ ﻭﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺅﺩﻯ
ﻤﻊ ﻜل ﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﺅﻗﺕ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻴﺠﺎﻭﺯ %٢ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ
،ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺒﻌﺩ ﻜل ﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺼﺤﻭﺏ ﺒﻜﺎﻤل ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻠﻎ .
ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻰ ﻁﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ) (١٨ﻫﻭ ﻤﺒﻠﻎ ﻴﻀﻤﻥ ﺤﺴﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﻭﻴﺠﺏ ﺭﺩﻩ ﻝﻠﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗـﺩ
ﻭﺤﻜﻤﻪ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻁﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺒﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻴﺅﺩﻯ ﺨﻼل ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﺃﻴﺎﻡ ﺘﺒﺩﺃ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻰ ﻹﺨﻁﺎﺭﻩ ﺒﻜﺘـﺎﺏ ﻤﻭﺼـﻰ
ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺒﻌﻠﻡ ﺍﻝﻭﺼﻭل ﺒﻘﺒﻭل ﻋﻁﺎﺌﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻰ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻴﻜﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻗﺕ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻯ %٥ﻤﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ .
ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻔﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻰ :ﻓﻰ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﺄﻥ ﺒﺘﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺎﻝﻎ ﻭﻗﺒﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺨﻼل
ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻬﺎﺌﻰ .
-٦ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ
ﺤﻭل ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ) ( Boot - Bot
ﻫل ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺕ ) ( Boot – Botﻤﻥ ﻗﺒﻴل ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﻓﻰ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺸﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻪ ،
ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻫل ﻴﻌﺩ ﻋﻘﺩﹰﺍ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻴﹰﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻪ ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻯ ؟
ﻴﺫﻫﺏ ﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺄﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﺎﻻﺸﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻪ ﺘﺴﻬﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ،ﻓﺩﻓﻊ ﻤﻘﺎﺒـل ﺍﻻﺸـﻐﺎل
ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻪ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻴﻨﻔﻰ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺃﺸﻐﺎل ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﺍﺫ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻋﻘﺩﺍ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻘـﻭﺩ
ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﺸﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ .
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺱ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻪ ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﺸﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺘـﺯﻡ
ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ،ﻜﺎﻝﻤﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺒﺘﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺴﺎﻗﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻭﺤﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﻓﻔﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ
ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻪ ﻻ ﻴﺘﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺘﻔﺭﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻔﻌﻴﻥ ،ﻻﻨﻪ ﻻ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻤﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻝﺩﺓ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺘﺯﻡ .
ﺇﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻭﺩ ﺘﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺃﺸﻐﺎل ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ،ﻭﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ ،ﻓﻀـﻼ ﻋـﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺸـﺎﺀ
ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻴﺎﻨﻪ ﻴﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺨﻼل ﻤﺩﺓ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﻗﺒل ﺍﻝﺘﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ .
ﻓﻔﺤﻭﻯ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺼﻭﺭﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺫﻯ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ ،ﺃﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻝﺘـﺯﺍﻡ
ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺘﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﺠﻭﻫﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﻌﻤل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻝﻘﺎﺀ ﺠﻌل ﻤﻌﻴﻥ
ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺱ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻻﺸﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻤﺤﻠﻪ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﺍﻻﺸﻐﺎل ﻭﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎل
ﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻠﻑ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺎﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ .ﻭﻓﻰ ﻋﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺕ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ Operationﺒﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻨﻔﻴـﺫ
ﻫﻭ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻰ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﻭﻫﺭﻯ ،ﻭﺫﻝﻙ ﻝﻴﺤﺼل ﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻘﺎﻀﺎﻩ ﻤـﻥ ﺘﻜـﺎﻝﻴﻑ
ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﻪ ﻭﻴﺴﺩﺩ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﻀﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻤﻭﻴل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﻭﻙ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺭﻀﻪ .
ﻓﺠﻭﻫﺭ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺎﻴﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ . Operation
ﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ﻤﺤل ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﺫﻯ ﻁﺒﻴﻌـﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼـﺎﺩﻴﻪ
ﺤﺴﺏ ﻨﺹ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻯ ،ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺤل ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺕ ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻁـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻭ
ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﻤﺴﺎﻗﻁ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻰ ﺘﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻯ ﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻋﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ .
ﺍﻤﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ،ﻓﻬﻭ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻤـﻥ
ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻭ ﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺒﺤﺭﻯ ﺍﻭ ﻤﺤﻁﻪ ﺘﻭﻝﻴﺩ ﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻪ ﻤـﻥ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ
ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﻝﺒﺎﻋﺙ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺴﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺨـﺘﻼﻑ
ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ .ﺍﻤﺎ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻻﻯ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﻤﻨﻔﺫ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻻ ﻴﻨﻔﻰ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺼﺩ ﻤـﻥ
ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺘﺤﺼﻴل ﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﺒﺩﻩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺼﺭﻭﻓﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻝﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﻤﺎل ﺒﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﻤـﻥ
ﺃﺭﺒﺎﺡ ﻁﻴﻠﺔ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ .
ﻜﻤﺎ ﺼﺩﺭﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻻﻭﻨﻪ ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭﻩ ﻋﺩﺓ ﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﻰ ﺼﺩﺩ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓـﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﻪ ﻻﻨﺸـﺎﺀ
ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺭﺍﻀﻰ ﺍﻝﻨﺯﻭل ﻭﺍﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﺔ .
ﻭﻗﺩ ﻨﺼﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻨﺢ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻯ ﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﺈﻨﺸـﺎﺀ
ﺍﻝﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﻗﺩ ﺘﺼل ﺍﻝﻰ ﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ ﺴﻨﺔ .
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻁﻔﺭﻩ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺍﻜﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻐﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﻪ ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻴﺜﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺤﻪ ﺍﻝﺩﻭﻝﻴﻪ ﺍﻻ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻤﺎ ﺘﻀـﻤﻥ
ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻨﻰ ﻝﻤﺩﺓ ﺘﻘﺘﺭﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺴﻌﻪ ﻭﺘﺴﻌﻴﻥ ﻋﺎﻤﹰﺎ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ٍﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺘﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ
ﺍﻻﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﻪ ﺒﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﻭﻴﺤﺼل ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺎ ﺍﻨﻔﻘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻔﻌﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻴﺘﺤـﻭل
ﺍﻝﻰ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﻪ ﺍﺫ ﺘﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﻩ ﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻻﻝﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻘﺩ ﺍﻷﺸـﻐﺎل ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﻪ ،ﻓﻔـﻰ
ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭﻩ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﻪ ﻫﻰ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻨﻅﻴﺭ ﻤﻜﺎﻓﺄﺓ ﻤﺎﻝﻴﻪ ﻝﻠﻤﻠﺘﺯﻡ ﻴﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺴـﻭﻡ
ﺍﻝﺘﻰ ﻴﻔﺭﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺘﻔﻌﻴﻥ .
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺭﻯ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺨﺎﺼﻪ ﺒﻌﻘﻭﺩ Botﻨﻨﺎﻗﺵ ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻭﻋﻴﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻠﺠﻭﺀ ﺍﻝـﻰ ﻫـﺫﺍ
ﺍﻻﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺎﻗﺩ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻀﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻭﻴﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﺎﺫﻴﺭ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺨﺹ :