Ncert Chemistry Xii 11

11 Alcohols,Phenols
Alcohols, Phenols
and Ethers and Ethers
Question 1.
303
Intext
IntextQuestions
Questions
Classify the following as primary, secondary and tertiary
alcohols.
CH 3
(i) CH 3 C CH 2 OH
CH 3
(ii) H 2 C == CH CH 2 OH
OH
CHCH3
(iii) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH
(iv)
CH3
CHCOH
CH
CH2CHCH3
(v)
(vi)
OH
CH3
If CH2OH group is present, alcohol is 1 (primary), if CHOH group is

present is 2 (secondary) and if COH group is present, alcohol is 3. So
classify on this basis.
Solution.
(i)
(iii)
(v)
(vi)
Question 2.
Primary alcohol
Primary alcohol
Secondary alcohol
Tertiary alcohol
(ii) Primary alcohol

(iv) Secondary alcohol
Identify allylic alcohols in the above examples.
Following groups are included in allylic alcohols.

H
CH2 ==CH CH2 OH CH2==CH C OH

Primary (1 )
allyl alcohol
C
Secondary (2 )
allyl alcohol
Solution.
(vi)
(ii) H2C== CH CH2OH

CH3
CH
CHCOH
CH3
CH2 ==CH C OH
Tertiary (3 )
allyl alcohol
NCERT ClassXII ChemistrySolutions
304
Question 3. Name the following compounds according to the IUPAC

system.
CH 2 OH
(i) CH 3 CH 2 CH CH CH CH 3
CH 2 Cl
CH 3
CH 2 OH
(ii) H 3 C CH CH 2 CH CH CH 3
CH 3
OH
OH
(iii)
Br
(iv) H 2 C==CH CH CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
OH
(v) CH 3 C==C CH 2 OH
CH 3 Br
Prefix according to the C-chain; for alcohol add suffix ol; for double
bond ene; tell the position of substituents, double bond and functional
group (s).Then, given the name in the following manner.
Name of substituent with position (in alphabetical order) + parent
C-chain name + primary suffix (antiene etc.) + secondary suffix with
position (for main functional group).
Solution.
1
CH2OH
5
4
3
2
(i) CH3 CH2 CH CH CH CH3
CH3
CH2Cl
3-chloromethyl-2-isopropyl
pentan - 1-ol
1
CH2OH
2
5
4
3
6
(ii) CH3 CH CH2 CH CH CH3
OH
CH3
2,5 dimethylhexan-1,3-di-ol
Chemistry-XII
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols,Phenols and Ethers
305
OH
1
2
(iii)
Br
3-bromocyclohexanol
1
(iv) H2C==CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3
OH
Hex-1-en-3-ol
4
(v)
CH3 C==C CH2OH

CH3Br
2-bromo-3-methylbut-2-en-1-ol
Question 4.
Show how are the following alcohols prepared by the

reaction of a suitable Grignard reagent on methanal?
CH2OH
(i) CH 3 CH CH 2 OH
CH 3
(ii)
HO
H
2
HCHO + RMgX
+ RCH2OH + Mg(OH) X. Form here, it is clear that
HCHO gives CH2OH groups, so R of Grignard reagent is the remaining

part of given alcohols. Thus, select the suitable Grignard reagent by
substituting the value of R.
Solution. (i)
Dry ether
HCHO + (CH3)2 CH MgBr
Methanal
Isopropyl
magnesium
bromide
[(CH3)2 CH CH2OMgBr]
Addition compound
Mg(Br)OH H2O/H +
(CH3)2CH CH2OH
Isobutyl alcohol
or
Chemistry-XII
2-methylpropan-1-ol
306
MgBr
Dry ether
(ii) HCHO +
CH2OMgBr
Intermediate
product
Methanal Cyclohexyl
magnesium
bromide
H2O/H
CH2OH
Mg(OH)Br
Cyclohexyl
methanol
Question 5. Write structures of the products of the following reactions.

H O/H+
2
(i) CH 3 CH==CH 2
O
CH2COCH3
NaBH4
(ii)
NaBH
4
(iii) CH 3 CH 2 CH CHO
CH 3
(i) Acidic hydration of propene i.e., addition of H2O

(according to Markownikoffs rule) result in the formation of alcohol.
(ii) Reduction of
C ==O group (not in ester group) into OH.
(iii) Reduction of CHO group into CH2OH.
Solution.
H O /H
2
(i) CH3 CH == CH2
CH3 CH CH3
Markownikoff's
Propene
rule
OH
Propan-2-ol
2
1
(ii)
O
methyl-2-oxocyclohexyl
ethanoate
Chemistry-XII
OH
CH2COCH3
NaBH4
Reduction
CH2COCH3
O
Methyl (2-hydroxycyclohexyl)
ethanoate

4
307
NaBH
4
(iii) CH3 CH2 CH CHO
Reduction
CH3
2-methylbutanal
CH3 CH2 CH CH2 OH
CH3
2-methylbutan-1-ol
Question 6. Give structures of the products you would expect when

each of the following alcohol reacts with
(a) HCl ZnCl 2
(b) HBr and
(c) SOCl 2
(i) Butan-1-ol
(ii) 2-methylbutan-2-ol
Replacement of OH by (a) Cl (b) Br (c) Cl
Solution. (i) Reactions of butan-1-ol

4
HCl ZnCl
2
(a) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH
Heat (Lucas reagent)
Butan-1-ol(1)
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 Cl + H2O

1-chlorobutane
(b) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH

Butan-1-ol
HBr CH CH CH CH Br + H O
3
2
2
2
2
Heat
1-bromobutane
SOCl 2
(c) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH

Heat
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 Cl + SO2 + HCl

1-chlorobutane
(ii) Reactions of 2-methylbutan-2-ol

CH3
2
4
1
3
HCl ZnCl 2
(a) CH3 C CH2 CH3
Lucas reagent
OH
2- methylbutan-2-ol (3)
CH3
CH3 C CH2 CH3 + H2O
Cl
2-chloro-2-methylbutane
Chemistry-XII
308
CH3
CH3
HBr
(b) CH3 C CH2 CH3
CH3 C CH2 CH3
eat
H
Br
OH
2- methylbutan-2-ol
2-bromo-2-methylbutane
+ H2O
CH3
CH3
2
2
4
4
1
3
1
3
SOCl 2
(c) CH3 C CH2 CH3
CH3 C CH2 CH3
Heat
OH
Cl
2-chloro-2-methylbutane
+ SO2 + HCl
Note *Butan-1-ol, being primary alcohol requires heating with Lucas
reagent. 2-methyl butan-2-ol being tertiary alcohol reacts without heating.
*Lucas test is used to distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary
alcohols.
Question 7.
Predict the major product of acid catalysed dehydration of

(i) 1-methylcyclohexanol
(ii) butan-1-ol
In acid catalysed dehydration process a molecule of water is liberated
according to Saytzeffs rule i.e., results in the formation of more
substituted alkene.
CH3
Solution. (i)
OH
H (Heat)
H2O
1-methyl
cyclohexanol
CH2
CH3
+
1-methyl
cyclohexene
(Major)
1-methylene
cyclohexane
(Minor)
H + , heat
(ii) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH

Butan-1-ol
H 2O
CH3 CH2 CH==CH2 + CH3 CH==CH CH3

But-1-ene
(Minor)
But- 2-ene
(Major)
Note *OH from -C atomand H from -C atomiseliminated.

(i) According
to
Saytzeffs
rule,
major
product
1-methyl-cyclohexene,sinceitismoresubstituted.
Chemistry-XII
is
309
(ii) Major product is but-2-ene due to rearrangement to give secondary

carbocation,whichismorestable.
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH
Butan-1-ol
H+
H2O
CH3 CH2 CH CH2

H
1 carbocation
(Less stable)
H ion
shift
CH3 CH CH CH3
H
2 carbocation
(More stable)
H+
CH3 CH
CH CH3
But-2-ene
Question 8. Ortho and para nitrophenols are more acidic than phenol.
Draw the resonance structures of the corresponding phenoxide ions.
Acidic strength depends on the relative stabilities of corresponding
phenoxide ions based on resonance.
Solution. (i) Phenoxide ion

O
Chemistry-XII
310
(ii) o-nitrophenoxide ion
O
O
N
O
N
(iii) p-nitrophenoxide ion
N
O
O
O
Due to R effect of NO2 group, o- and p-nitrophenoxide ions
are more stable than phenoxide ion. Consequently, both o- and
p-nitrophenols are more acidic than phenol.
O
Note Structures in boxes have negative charge on that C-atom to which

electron withdrawing NO2 group is attached. So, these structures
contributemoretowardstheacidiccharacterthantheothers.
Chemistry-XII
Alcohols,PhenolsandEthers
311
Question 9.
Write the equations involved in the following reactions :

(i) Reimer-Tiemann reaction
(ii) Kolbes reaction
(i) It is the reaction of phenol with chloroform in the presence of sodium
hydroxide. As a result, CHO group is introduced at o-position of
benzene ring.
(ii) Reaction of phenol and NaOH, then with CO 2, a weak electrolyte.
Orthobenzoic acid is formed.
Solution. (i)
CHCl2
CHCl3 + aq. NaOH
Phenol
O Na
O Na
OH
CHO
NaOH
Intermediate
OH
CHO
Salicylaldehyde
OH
ONa
(i) CO2
NaOH
(ii)
OH
(ii) H
Sodium
phenoxide
Question 10. Write
the
2-ethoxy-3-methylpentane
pentan-2-ol.
COOH
2-hydroxybenzoic
acid
(Salicylic acid)
reactions of Williamson synthesis of

starting from ethanol and 3-methyl
(i) Reaction of 3-methylpentan-2-ol with sodium.

(ii) Reaction of ethanol with hydrogen bromide.
(iii) Reaction of product formed in (i) reaction with the product of (ii).
5
Solution. (i) CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3 + Na
CH3 OH
3-methylpentan-2-ol
CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3
CH3 ONa
Sodium-(3-methyl)-pentoxide
Chemistry-XII
312
(ii) C 2H5OH + HBr
C 2H5Br
+ H2O
Bromoethane
(iii) CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3 + C 2H5Br
CH3 ONa
CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3
CH3 OC 2H5
2-ethoxy-3-methylpentane
Questions 11. Which of the following is an appropriate set of reactants

for the preparation of 1-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene and why?
ONa
Br
(i)
+ CH3Br
(ii)
+ CH3ONa
NO2
NO2
This reaction involves preparation of ether by Williamson synthesis. It
takes place by SN2 attack of an alkoxide ion on primary alkyl halide.
Solution.
ONa
(ii)
OCH3
+ CH3Br
+ NaBr
NO2
NO2
1-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene
Because here the alkyl halide used is primary. Moreover in

method (i) the C Br bond has some double bond character.
Question 12. Predict the products of the following reactions :

(i) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 O CH 3 + HBr
OC2H5
(ii)
+ HBr
OC2H5
(iii)
Conc. H2SO4
Conc. HNO3
HI
(iv) (CH 3 ) 3 C OC2H 5
Chemistry-XII
313
313
(i) and (ii) RO R + H X ROH + R X i.e.,

(i) and
(ii) RO R + H X ROH + R X i.e.,
formed.
formed.
(iii) Nitration (introduction of NO 2 group) takes
(iii) p-positions.
Nitration (introduction of NO 2 group) takes
p-positions.
(iv) Tertiary iodide and primary alcohol are formed.
(iv) Tertiary iodide and primary alcohol are formed.
primary halide is
primary halide is
place at o- and
place at o- and
Solution. (i) CH3 CH2 CH2 O CH3 + HBr

Solution. (i) CH3 CH2 CH2 O CH3 + HBr
Methoxy propane
Methoxy propane
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH + CH3Br

CH3 CH2
CH2 OH + CH3Br
Propanol
Propanol
OC2H5
OC2H5
+ HBr
+ HBr
(ii)
(ii)
Ethoxy benzene
Ethoxy benzene
OH
OH
+ C2H5Br
+ C2H5Br
Phenol
Phenol
OC2H5
OC2H5 Conc. H2SO4
2 OC2H5
2 OC2H5
1
1
Conc. H2SO4
Conc. HNO3
Conc. HNO3
(iii)
(iii)
Ethoxy benzene
Ethoxy benzene
NO2
NO2
2-ethoxy2-ethoxynitrobenzene
nitrobenzene
+
+
O2N
O2N
1
1
4 OC2H5
4 OC2H5
3
3
2
2
4.-ethoxy4.-ethoxynitrobenzene
nitrobenzene
HI
(iv) (CH3)3C OC 2H5

(CH3)3C I + C 2H5OH
HI
(iv) (CH
OC
t butyl
(CH3)iodide
3C I + C
2H5OH
3 )3 Cethyl
2H5
Ethanol
t butyl
ether
t butyl ethyl ether
t butyl iodide
Ethanol
Exercises
Exercises
Exercises
Question 1. Write IUPAC names of the following compounds.

Question 1. Write IUPAC names of the following compounds.
CH 3
CH 3
CH
(i) CH 3 CH CH C
(i) CH 3 CH CH C CH 33
CH
CH
3
3 OH
CH 3 OH CH 3
(ii) H 3 C CH CH 2 CH CH CH 2 CH 3
(ii) H 3 C CH
CH 2 CH
CH
CH 2 CH 3
OH
OH
CH
OH
OH C22H 55
Chemistry-XII
314
(iii) CH 3 CH CH CH 3
OH OH
(iv) HO CH 2 CH CH 2 OH
OH
CH3
CH3
OH
(v)
(vi)
OH
CH3
CH3
OH
(vii)
(viii)
OH
CH3
CH3
(ix) CH 3 O CH 2 CH CH 3
CH 3
(x) C6H 5 O C2H 5
(xi) C6H 5 O C7 H15 ( n)
(xii) CH 3 CH 2 O CH CH 2 CH 3
CH 3
Prefix according to the carbon chain; for alcohol (OH) use suffix -ol; tell
the position of substitutents and functional group. For ether ( O ),
prefix alkoxy is used. For OH group attached directly to benzene ring,
suffix phenol is used.
So, give the name of alcohol as substituent with position (in alphabetical
order) + prefix of carbon chain + primary suffix (ane, ene, yne) + ol with
position and give the name of ether as alkoxy alkane (where alkoxy
smaller R group and alkane is main chain)
CH3
1
2
Solution. (i) CH3 CH CH C CH3
CH3 OH CH3
5
2, 2, 4-trimethyl pentan-3-ol
Chemistry-XII
1
315
6
(ii) H3C CH CH2 CH CH CH2 CH3
OH
OH C 2H5
5-ethyl heptane-2, 4-diol
1
(iii) CH3 CH CH CH3
OH OH
Butane-2, 3-diol
1
(iv) HO CH2 CH C H2 OH
OH
Propane-1, 2, 3-triol
CH3
CH3
OH
(v)
(vi)
2
1
OH
2-methylphenol
4-methyl phenol
CH3
CH3
(vii)
(viii)
3
2
OH
1
2 CH
3
3
2,6-dimethyl phenol
OH
CH3
2,5-dimethyl phenol
1
(ix) CH3 O CH2 CH CH3
CH3
(x)
C 6H5 O C 2H5
Ethoxybenzene
1- methoxy-2-methyl propane
(xi) C 6H5 O C 7H15 (n )

1-phenoxy heptane
2
(xii) CH3 CH2 O CH CH2 CH3
1
CH3
2-ethoxybutane
Question 2. Write structures of the compounds whose IUPAC names

are as follows.
(i) 2-methylbutan-2-ol
(ii) 1-phenylpropan-2-ol
(iii) 3, 5-dimethylhexane-1,3, 5-triol (iv) 2, 3-diethylphenol
(v) 1-ethoxypropane
(vi) 2-ethoxy-3-methylpentane
Chemistry-XII
316
(vii) Cyclohexylmethanol
(ix) Cyclopent-3-en-1-ol
(viii) 3-cyclohexylpentan-3-ol
(x) 3-chloromethylpentan-1-ol
(i) Draw the main carbon chain according to the root word of carbon
chain and then attach the other groups according to the positions
mentioned.
(ii) Suffix al represents OH group and prefix alkoxy repersents RO
group.
CH3
Solution. (i) CH3 C CH2 CH3
OH
2-methylbutan-2-ol
1
(ii) C 6H5 CH2 CH CH3
OH
1-phenylpropan-2-ol
CH3
OH
1
2
4
6
3
5
(iii) CH2 CH2 C CH2 C CH3
OH
OH
CH3
3, 5-dimethylhexane-1, 3-5-triol
OH
1
2 C2H5
1
(iv)
(v) C 2H5O CH2 CH2 CH3
C2H5
1-ethoxypropane
2,3-diethyl phenol
1
(vi) CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3
OC 2H5 CH3
2-ethoxy-3-methyl pentane
OH
1
CH2OH
(vii)
(viii) CH3CH2CCH2CH3
Cyclohexyl methanol
3-cyclohexylpentan-3-ol
Chemistry-XII
317
OH
(ix)
1
2
3
Cyclopent-3-en-1-ol
1
(x) HO CH2 CH2 CH CH2 CH3
CH2Cl
3-chloromethylpentan-1-ol
Question 3. (i) Draw the structures of all isomeric alcohols of molecular

formula C5H12 O and give their IUPAC names.
(ii) Classify the isomers of alcohols in question 3. (i) as primary,
secondary and tertiary alcohols.
(i) Make different isomers by varying the number of C-atoms in
continuous chain, the position of CH3 and OH groups.
(ii) Primary ( 1 )alchols have CH2 OH; group Secondary ( 2 ) have
CH OH; group and Tertiary ( 3 ) have C OH.
Solution.
(i) Molecular formula C 5H12O represents eight isomeric

alkanols. These are :
5
(a) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH

Pentan-1-ol
2
(b) CH3 CH CH2 CH2 OH
CH3
3-methyl butan-1-ol
4
(c) CH3 CH2 CH CH2 OH
CH3
2-methyl butan-1-ol
CH3
(d) CH3 C CH2 OH
CH3
2, 2-dimethyl propan-1-ol
5
(e) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH CH3
OH
Pentan-2-ol
Chemistry-XII
318

CH3
(f) C H3 C H C H C H3 (g) CH3 C CH2 CH3
OH
CH3 OH
2-methyl butan-2-ol
3-methyl butan-2-ol
5
(h) CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH3
OH
Pentan-3-ol
(ii) Primary : (a), (b), (c) and (d); Secondary (e), (f), (h) Tertiary : (g).
Question 4. Explain why propanol has higher boiling point than that of
the hydrocarbon, butane?
Boiling point is directly proportional to the intermolecular forces existing
in a compound.
Solution. Although butane and propanol have comparable molecular

masses (58 and 60 respectively) but, in propanol, polar OH group is
present, due to which strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding exists
between its molecules. Whereas in butane weak van der Waals forces
of attraction are the only forces between the molecules. Therefore,
propanol has higher boiling point (391 K) as compared to that of butane
(309 K).
+
H O H O H O
C 3H7
C 3H7
C 3H7
Question 5. Alcohols are comparatively more soluble in water than

hydrocarbons of comparable molecular masses. Explain this fact.
Consider polar nature of water as well as alcohol; presence of hydrogen
bonding.
Solution. Water and alcohols both are polar in nature. When an alcohol
is dissolved in water, it forms hydrogen bonds with water by breaking
the H-bonding already existing between the water molecules.
Hydrocarbons are non-polar in nature and do not form H-bonds with
water molecules. Therefore, alcohols are readily soluble in water
whereas hydrocarbons are not.
R O H O H O
+
H
R
H
Hydrogen bonding among alcohol and water
Chemistry-XII
319
Question 6. What is meant by hydroboration-oxidation reaction?

Illustrate it with an example.
Addition of diborane to alkenes followed by oxidation.
Solution. The addition of diborane to alkenes to form trialkyl boranes

followed by their oxidation by alkaline H2O2 to form alcohols is known
as hydroboration-oxidation reaction. For example
CH3 CH==CH2 + (H BH2)2 CH3 CH CH2
Propene
Dibroane
H
BH2
CH3 CH== CH2
3H 2O 2 , OH
CH CH ==CH
3
2
(CH3 CH2 CH2)3 B
H 2O
(CH3 CH2 CH2)2 BH
3 CH3 CH2 CH2 OH + B(OH)3

Propan-1-ol
Boric acid
Alcohol formed by this reaction appears as it has been formed by

addition of water in a way contrary to the Markownikoffs rule.
Question 7. Give the structures and IUPAC names of monohydric

phenols of molecular formula, C7 H 8 O.
Ortho (1, 2); para (1, 4); meta (1, 3) Draw these isomers according to the
mentioned positions of OH and CH3 groups.
Solution. Following three isomers are formed from C 7H8O.

OH
OH
OH
2 CH3
CH3
2-methyl phenol
or
o- cresol (I)
3-methyl phenol
or
m cresol (II)
CH3
4-methyl phenol
or
p-cresol (III)
Question 8.
While separating a mixture of ortho and para nitrophenols by

steam distillation, name the isomer which will be steam volatile. Give reason.
Isomer, which is steam volatile is less strongly bonded. The other one is
strongly bonded by H-bonding.
Solution. Ortho-nitrophenol is steam volatile. The reason is chelation

due to intramolecular H-bonding. So, it can be separated by steam
distillation from p-nitrophenol. Para-nitrophenol is not steam volatile
due to presence of intermolecular H-bonding.
Chemistry-XII
320

Intramolecular H-bonding
N+
O
H
O
o-nitrophenol
+
HO
NO
HO
NO
O Intermolecular
H-bonding
p-nitrophenol
Question 9. Give the equations of reactions for the preparation of

phenol from cumene.
Oxidation of cumene into cumene hydroperoxide, then acidic hydrolysis.
CH3
Solution.
CH3
H3CCH
H3CCOOH
+
O2
Cumene
or
(Isopropyl benzene)
H
H2O
Cumene
hydroperoxide
OH
O
+
CH3CCH3
Phenol
Propanone
(Acetone)
Note This method is employed for the preparation of phenol on

commercial scale, as the by product is also an important reagent.
Question 10. Write chemical reaction for the preparation of phenol from
chlorobenzene.
Reaction of chlorobenzene with
acidification of the product formed.
Chemistry-XII
sodium
hydroxide
followed
by
Solution.
321
Cl
O Na
+ NaOH
OH
623 K
HCl
300 atm
Chlorobenzene
Sodium
phenoxide
Phenol
Question 11. Write the mechanism of hydration of ethene to yield

ethanol.
The steps involved in this process are
1. Protonation of alkene.
2. Nucleophilic attack of water on carbocation.
3. Deprotonation to form an alcohol.
Solution. The mechanism involves 3 steps :

Step I : Protonation of alkene to form carbocation by electrophile
attack of H3O+ .
H2O + H+ H3O+
H
H
C
+H
+ H2O
Step II: Nucleophilic attack of water on carbocation formed.
H
C
H
+
+ H2O
H
C
Step III : Deprotonation to form corresponding alcohol.

H
C
H
C
H + H2O
OH
+ H3O
Question 12. You are given benzene, conc. H 2SO 4 and NaOH. Write the
equations for the preparation of phenol using these reagents.
(i) Sulphonation of benzene.
(ii) Reaction with NaOH and water.
Chemistry-XII
322
SO3H
Solution.
H2SO4 (Conc.)
NaOH
Heat
H2O
Benzene
SO3 Na
Benzene
sulphonic
acid
Sodium benzene
sulphonate
NaHSO3, NaOH (Fuse)
OH
ONa
+
Phenol
Sodium phenoxide
Question 13. Show how will you synthesise :

(i) 1-phenylethanol formasuitable alkene.
(ii) Cyclohexylmethanol usinganalkylhalidebyan S N 2 reaction.
(iii) pentan-1-ol usingasuitablealkylhalide?
(i) Acidic hydration of ethenyl benzene.
(ii) Alkaline hydrolysis of cyclohexyl methyl bromide.
(iii) Alkaline hydrolysis of 1-bromopentane.
Dil.H SO
2
4
Solution. (i) C 6H5 HC == CH2 + H2O
Markownikoff's
rule
Ethenylbenzene
(Styrene)
C 6H5 CH CH3
OH
1-phenyl ethanol
CH2Br
(ii)
CH2OH
+ NaOH(aq)
+ NaBr
Cyclohexyl
methyl bromide
5
Cyclohexyl
methanol
1
(iii) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 Br + KOH CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH
1-bromopentane
(aq )
Pentan-1-ol
+ KBr
Chemistry-XII
323
Question 14. Give two reactions that show the acidic nature of phenol.
Compare acidity of phenol with that of ethanol.
Reaction of phenol with Na and NaOH; comparing of acidity of phenol
and ethanol.
Solution. Following reactions show the acidic nature of phenol :

(i) Reaction with sodium H2 gas is produced.
OH
ONa
+ 2Na
Phenol
+ H2
Sodium phenoxide
(ii) Reaction with sodium hydroxide Forms sodium salt and water.
OH
ONa
+ NaOH
Phenol
+ H2O
Sodium phenoxide
Comparison of acidic character of phenol and ethanol

Phenol is more acidic than ethanol because after losing a proton
(H+ ), phenol forms phenoxide ion which is stabilised by resonance
whereas ethoxide ion is not.
O
II
III
IV
Question 15. Explain why is ortho nitrophenol more acidic than ortho
methoxyphenol?
(i) NO 2- electron withdrawing group. OCH3-electron releasing group.
(ii) Presence of electron withdrawing group increases the stability of
phenoxide ion while presence of electron releasing group decreases
its stability.
(iii) Higher is the stability of phenoxide ion formed, more is the acidic
character.
Chemistry-XII
324
Solution. Nitro (NO2) group is electron withdrawing whereas methoxy

(OCH3) group is electron releasing in nature. o-nitrophenol produces
H+ ions easily but methoxyphenol does not. This is because
o-nitrophenoxide ion is stabilised due to resonance. This is not true with
o-methoxyphenoxide ion. The two negative charges repel each other
thereby destabilising it.
OH
O
NO2
NO2
+ H
o-nitrophenol
OH
O
OCH3
OCH3
+H
O
O
CH3
O
O
CH3
Note Also give resonating structures of o-nitrophenoxide ion for Q. 8

intext questions.
Question 16. Explain how does the OH group attached to a carbon of

benzene ring activate it towards electrophilic substitution?
Resonance effect due to OH group.
Solution. In the presence of attacking electrophile, OH group exerts

+R effect on the benzene ring. So, electron density in the ring increases
particularly at the ortho and para positions. When an electrophile
attacks, substitution takes place readily at these (o and p ) positions.
OH
OH
OH
OH
Chemistry-XII
OH
325
Question 17. Give equation of the following reactions.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Oxidationof propan-1-ol withalkaline KMnO4 solution.

Brominein CS2 withphenol.
Dilute HNO3 withphenol.
Treatingphenolwithchloroforminpresenceofaqueous NaOH.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(v)
Alcohol oxidises to carboxylic acid.

o-and p- bromophenol are formed.
Nitration (introduction of NO 2 group) at o- and p- positions.
Reimer-Tiemann reaction involves introduction of CHO group at
ortho position, salicylaldehyde is formed.
KMnO /OH
4
Solution. (i) CH3CH2CH2OH
CH3 CH2 CHO
(Oxidation)
Propan-1-ol
Propanal
KMnO 4 /OH
CH3CH2COOH
(Oxidation)
OH
OH
Br
Br2/CS2
(ii)
Propanoic acid
OH
+
HBr
Br
Phenol
o-bromophenol
OH
OH
OH
NO2
+
HNO3(dil.)
(iii)
p-bromophenol
H2O
NO2
Phenol
o-nitrophenol
OH
ONa
CHCl3/NaOH (aq)
(iv)
p-nitrophenol
OH
CHO
H2O/H
CHO
343 K
Phenol
Salicylaldehyde
Question 18. Explain the following with an example.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Kolbe's reaction.
Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
Williamsonethersynthesis.
Unsymmetricalether.
Chemistry-XII
326

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(Reaction of phenol with NaOH and CO 2), Salicylic acid is formed.

Reaction of phenol with CHCl3 + aq. NaOH salicylaldehyde.
Alkyl halide + sod. alkoxide Ether + Sod. halide.
Ethers containing two different alkyl/aryl groups.
Solution. (i) Kolbe's reaction When phenol reacts with sodium

hydroxide, reactive phenoxide ion is formed. So, electrophilic
aromatic substitution takes place with CO2 under a pressure of 4-7
atm followed by acidification and ortho hydroxybenzoic acid
(Salicylic acid) is formed. This is called Kolbe's reaction.
OH
ONa
OH
2
1 COOH
(i) CO2
NaOH
(ii) H
Phenol
2-hydroxybenzoic
acid
(Salicylic acid)
Sodium
phenoxide
(ii) Reimer-Tiemann reaction When phenol is treated with

chloroform in the presence of sodium hydroxide, CHO group is
introduced at ortho position of benzene ring. This is called
Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
O Na
OH
CHCl2
CHCl3 + aq. NaOH
Phenol
Intermediate
OH
O Na
CHO
CHO
NaOH
Salicylaldehyde
(iii) Williamson
ether
synthesis Ethers
(symmertical
and
unsymmertrical) are prepared by this method. It involves the
reaction of an alkyl halide with sodium alkoxide.
R X + RONa R O R + NaX
e.g., 1. (CH3)3 C ONa + CH3Br CH3OC (CH3)3 + NaBr
RX
2. C 6H5OH + NaOH C 6H5ONa C 6H5 O R

(iv) Unsymmetrical ether An ether in which alkyl or aryl groups
attached to the oxygen atom are different, is known as
unsymmetrical ether. For example, ethyl methyl ether
(C 2H5OCH3), methyl phenyl ether (CH3 O C 6H5) etc.
Chemistry-XII
327
Question 19. Write the mechanism of acid catalysed dehydration of

ethanol to yield ethene.
Step involved in acid catalysed dehydration are
(i) Protonation of alcohol.
(ii) Formation of carbocation.
(iii) Elimination of a proton.
Solution. Mechanism of acid catalysed dehydration of ethanol

Step I : Protonation of ethanol
H H
H H H

Fast
H C C O H + H+
H C C O+ H

H H
H H
Ethanol
Protonated ethanol
(Ethyl oxonium ion)
Step II : Formation of carbocation

H H H
H H
+
+
Slow
H C C O H
H C C + H2O

H H
H H
Step III : Elimination of a proton
H H

H
H
C ==C
H C C +
+H+
H
H

Ethene
H H
Note The acid used in Step I is released in Step III. To drive the
equilibrium to the right, ethene is removed as it is formed.
Question 20. How are the following conversion carried out?

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Propene propan-2-ol.
Benzylchloride Benzylalcohol.
Ethylmagnesiumchloride Propan-1-ol.
Methylmagnesiumbromide 2-methylpropan-2-ol.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Acidic hydration of propene.

Alkaline hydrolysis of benzyl chloride.
Reaction with methanal in dry ether followed by acid hydrolysis.
Reaction with propanone in dry ether followed by acid hydrolysis .
Solution. (i) CH3 CH == CH2 + conc.H2SO4

Propene
CH CH CH
3
3
OSO3H
Isopropyl hydrogen sulphate
Chemistry-XII
H O
CH3 CH CH3 + H2SO4

Boil
OH
Propan-2-ol
328

CH2Cl
CH2OH
+ NaOH (aq)
Hydrolysis
(ii)
+ NaCl
Benzyl
chloride
Benzyl
alcohol
OMgCl
O
Dry
(iii) CH3CH2MgCl + H C H C H
ether
Ethyl magnesium
H2CCH3
chloride
H
Methanal
Adduct
OH
H 1C H
2
CH23 CH3
H 2O / H +
Propan-1-ol
(iv)
CH3MgBr
Methyl magnesium
bromide
H3C C
CH3
Propanone (Acetone)
OMgBr
H3C C CH3
CH
3
H 2O / H +
Aduct
OH
3
H3C1 2C CH3
CH3
2 - methyl propan - 2 - ol
Question 21. Name the reagents used in the following reactions.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Oxidationofaprimaryalcoholtocarboxylicacid.
Oxidationofaprimaryalcoholtoaldehyde.
Bromination ofphenolto2,4,6-tribromophenol.
Benzylalcoholtobenzoicacid.
Dehydrationof propan -2-ol topropene.
Butan-2-one to butan-2-ol.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Chemistry-XII
Oxidising agent (strong)

Weak oxidising agent
Br2 / H2O
Strong oxidising agent
Dehydrating agent
Reducing agent.
Solution.
(i)
329
Acidified K 2Cr2O7 or neutral/acidic/alkaline KMnO4.
(ii) Pyridine chlorochromate (PCC) (C 5H5N + HCl CrO3) in CH2Cl 2.

(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Bromine water (Br2 / H2O).

Alkaline KMnO4 or acidified KMnO4
85% H3PO4 at 440 K.
LiAlH4 or NaBH4.
Question 22. Give reason for the higher point of ethanol in comparison
to methoxymethane.
Presence of intermolecular H-bonding in ethanol, but not in ether.
Solution. Hydrogen bonding is present between the ethanol molecules

which is absent in the molecules of methoxymethane. So, a large
amount of energy is required to break these strong bonds in ethanol.
H O H O H O
C 2H5
C 2H5
C 2H5
Question 23. Give IUPAC names of the following ethers.

(i) C2H 5 OCH 2 CH CH 3
CH3
(iii) O2N C6H 4 OCH 3 ( p)
H3C CH3
(ii) CH 3 OCH 2 CH 2 Cl
(iv) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3
(v)
(vi)
OC2H5
OC2H5
Recall the rules of IUPAC nomenclature see solution 1 of excercise.
Solution.
(i) C 2H5 O CH2 CH CH3
CH3
1-ethoxy-2-methylpropane
1
OCH3
(ii) CH3 O CH2 CH2 Cl
2-chloro-1-methoxyethane
(iii) O2N C 6H4 OCH3 (p)

4-nitroanisole
or
3
4
NO2
4-nitroanisole
Chemistry-XII
330

3
(iv) CH3CH2 CH2OCH3

1-methoxypropane
H3C
CH3
(v)
(vi)
2
1
OC2H5
OC2H5
1-ethoxy-4,4-dimethyl
cyclohexane
Ethoxy
benzene
Question 24. Write the names of reagents and equations for the
preparation of the following ethers by Williamsons synthesis.
(i) 1-propoxypropane
(ii) Ethoxybenzene
(iii) 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv) 1-methoxyethane
Williamson's
synthesis
(i) R X + RO Na
R O R + Na X
(ii) Alkyl halide should be primary.
Solution.
Heat
(i) CH3CH2CH2O Na+ + CH3CH2CH2 Br
Sodium propoxide
1-bromopropane
CH3CH2CH2 O CH2CH2CH3 + NaBr

1-propoxypropane
O Na
(ii)
+ CH3CH2Br
Sodium
phenoxide
Heat
Bromoethane
OCH2CH3
+
NaBr
Ethoxybenzene
Chemistry-XII
(iii)
CH3
CH3 C O Na+
CH3
331
C H3 Br
Heat
Bromomethane
Sod. tert-butyl-alkoxide
CH3
CH3 C OCH3 + NaBr
CH3
2-methoxy-2-methylpropane
(iv) CH3CH2 ONa+ +
CH3 Br
Heat

CH3CH2 O CH3
Bromomethane
Sodium ethoxide
1-methoxyethane
+ NaBr
Question 25. Illustrate the examples the limitations of Williamsons

synthesis for the preparation of certain types of ethers.
Tertiary alkyl halides readily give elimination product with strong bases
like alkoxide ions. The CX bond of alkyl halide does not possess double
bond character i. e., should not be in conjugation with multiple bond.
Solution. (i) In Williamsons synthesis reaction for the preparation of

ether, the alkyl halide used must be primary as tertiary halides
readily undergo elimination with strong bases like C 2H5ONa. This
is be best understood by taking the example of preparation of
ethyl tertiary butyl ether. For which the reactants used are ethyl
bromide and sodium tertiary butoxide, but not the tertiary butyl
chloride and sodium ethoxide.
CH3
CH3
C 2H5Br
+ Na+O C CH3 C 2H5 O C CH3
Ethyl bromide
CH3
CH3
tertiary butyl ethyl ether
Sodium tertiary butoxide
+ NaBr
CH3
H3C C Br
CH3
Tert. butyl bromide
+ Na O C 2H5 CH3 C== CH2

Sodium ethoxide
CH3
2-methyl propene
(Ether is not formed)
+ NaBr + C 2H5OH
(ii) Aryl halides and vinyl halides cannot be used as substrates
because they are less reactive in nucleophilic substitution.
Chemistry-XII
332
Question 26. How is 1-propoxypropane synthesised from propan-1-ol?

Write mechanism of this reaction.
(i) Williamsons synthesis or
(ii) Dehydration of propan-1-ol.
Solution. Any one of the following two methods can be employed

(i) Williamsons synthesis
(a) 3CH3CH2CH2OH + PBr3 3 CH3CH2CH2Br + H3PO3
1-bromopropane
Propan-1-ol
(b) 2 CH3CH2CH2OH + 2Na 2 CH3CH2CH2O Na + H2

Propan-1-ol
Sodium propoxide
Reaction mechanism
Dry ether
CH3CH2CH2 ONa+ + CH3CH2 CH2 Br

Sod. propoxide
Heat
1-bromopropane
CH3CH2CH2 O CH2CH2CH3 + NaBr

1-propoxypropane
or
(ii) By dehydration of 1-propanol with conc. H 2SO4 at 413 K.
H SO
2
4
CH3CH2CH2 O+
CH3CH2CH2OH + H+
Propan-1-ol
H
H
Protonated 1-propanol
CH3CH2CH2 O H + CH3CH2CH2 O+
H
H
Propan-1-ol
413 K

H 2O,
+
CH3CH2CH2 O CH2CH2 CH3
H
CH3CH2CH2 O CH2CH2CH3
H+ ,
1-propoxypropane
Question 27. Preparation of ethers by acid dehydration of secondary or

tertiary alcohols is not a suitable method. Give reason.
Due to steric hindrance, alkenes are formed by SN1 mechanism.
Solution. Ethers are formed as a result of acid dehydration by S N 2

mechanism (from primary alcohols). If secondary or tertiary alcohols are
used, due to steric hindrance, alkenes are formed and not ethers.
Chemistry-XII
333
Conc. H SO
2
4 CH CH==CH
CH3 CH OH
3
2
413 K
Propene
(major)
CH3
Propan-2-ol
(2 alcohol)
CH3
CH3
+ CH3 CH O CH CH3
Di-isopropyl ether
(minor)
CH3
CH3
Conc. H 2SO 4
CH3 C OH
CH3 C== CH2 + H2O
413 K
CH3
Tert. butyl alcohol

(3)
Question 28. Write the equation of the reaction of hydrogen iodide

with : (i) 1-propoxypropane (ii) methoxybenzene and (iii) benzyl ethyl
ether.
Alcohols and alkyl or aryl iodides are formed. Generally primary halide
(or lower halide) is formed in this reaction.
Solution.
HI
(i) CH3CH2CH2 O CH2CH2CH3
1-propoxypropane
373 K
CH3CH2CH2 OH + CH3CH2CH2 I
Propan-1-ol
OCH3
HI, 373 K
(ii)
Iodopropane
OH
Methoxybenzene
+ CH3I
Phenol
CH2OC2H5
Iodomethane
CH2I
HI, 373 K
(iii)
Benzyl ethyl ether
+ C2H5OH
Benzyl iodide
Ethanol
Question 29. Explain the fact that in aryl alkyl ethers

(i) the alkoxy group activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic
substitution.
(ii) it directs the incoming substituents to ortho and para positions in
benzenering.
Chemistry-XII
334

Consider + R effect of the alkoxy group and more electron density at oand p-positions.
Solution. In aryl alkyl ethers, +R effect of the alkoxy group ( OR)

increases the electron density in the benzene ring thereby activating
the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution reactions.
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
IV
III
II
Electron density is more at o- and p-positions so o- and p-products are

mainly formed during electrophilic substitution reactions.
e.g.,
OCH3
OCH3
OCH3
Br
Br2
CH3COOH
Br
Anisole
o-bromo-anisole
(minor)
p-bromo-anisole
(major)
Question 30. Write the mechanism of the reaction of HI with

methoxymethane.
Steps involved in this process are
(i) protonation
(ii) formation of methanol and iodomethane.
Solution. When equimolar amounts of HI and methoxymethane are

taken, a mixture of methyl alcohol and iodomethane are formed.
Mechanism
Step I CH3 O CH3 + H I
H
+
Protonation
CH3 O CH3 + I
fast
Dimethyl oxonium ion
H
+
SN 2
StepII I + CH3 O CH3
Slow
CH3 I
Iodomethane
+ CH3OH
Methanol
If HI is present in excess, CH3OH formed in step II is further

converted into CH3I.
Chemistry-XII
335
H
+
Protonation
StepIII CH3 O H + H I CH3 O H + I
fast
Protonated methanol
H
+
SN 2
StepIV I + CH3 O H
CH3 I
Slow Iodomethane
+ H2O
Question 31. Write equations of the following reactions.

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Friedel Craftsreactionalkylation of anisole.

Nitrationof anisole.
Bromination of anisole in ethanoic acidmedium.
Friedel Crafts acetylation of anisole.
OCH3 group is o/p directing.
(i) Alkylation (i.e., introduction of R group ) at o- and p-positions.
(By anhyd. AlCl3 CS2 ).
(ii) Nitration (i.e., introduction of NO 2 group) at o- and p-positions
(By H2SO4 HNO 3 ).
(iii) Bromination (introduction of Br2 group) at o- and p-positions

(By Br2 in CH3COOH).
(iv) Acetylation (introduction of RCO-group) at o- and p-positions
(By CH3COCl-anhydrous AlCl3).
Solution. (i) Friedel Crafts reaction (Alkylation)

OCH3
OCH3
+ CH3Cl
Anisole
Anhyd. AlCl3
Chloromethane
OCH3
CH3
+
CS2
2-methoxy toluene
(Minor)
CH3
4-methoxy toluene
(Major)
(ii) Nitration of anisole

OCH3
OCH3
H2SO4
OCH3
NO2
+
HNO3
Anisole
2-nitroanisole
(Minor)
NO2
4-nitroanisole
(Major)
Chemistry-XII
336
(iii) Bromination of anisole

OCH3
OCH3
OCH3
Br
Br2 in
Ethanoic acid
Anisole
o-bromo
anisole (Minor)
Br
p-bromoanisole (Major)
(iv) Friedel Crafts acetylation of anisole

OCH3
+ CH3COCl
Anisole
Anhyd. AlCl3
Ethanoyl
chloride
OCH3
OCH3
COCH3
+
2-methoxy
acetophenone
(Monor)
COCH3
4-methoxy acetophenone
(Major)
Question 32. Show how would you synthesise the following alcohols
from appropriate alkenes?
CH3
(i)
OH
OH
(ii)
OH
(iii)
(iv)
OH
By hydration (addition of H2O)of appropriate alkenes in accordance with.

Markownikoffs rule.
Chemistry-XII
337
Solution.
CH3
(i)
CH3
CH3
H2O
OH
H
1-methyl
cyclohexene
Tert. carbocation
CH3
H+
OH
1-methylcyclo-hexan-1-ol
OH
(ii)
+ HOH
4-methyl hept-3-ene
H
Markownikoff's
rule
4-methyl heptan-4-ol
OH
+
(iii)
+ HOH
Pent-1-ene
Penan-2-ol
(iv)
4
H2O
H
2-cyclohexylbut
-2-ene
OH
2-cyclohexyl
butan-2-ol
Question 33. When 3-methylbutan-2-ol is treated with HBr, the

following reaction takes place
Br
HBr
CH 3 CH CH CH 3 CH 3 C CH 2 CH 3
Br
CH 3
CH 3 OH
Give a mechanism for this reaction.
The secondary carbocation formed in the process rearranges to a more
stable tertiary carbocation by a hydride ion shift from 3rd carbon atom.
Chemistry-XII
338
Solution. Mechanism
H2O
HBr
CH3 CH CH CH3
CH3 CH CH CH3
Br
CH3 O H
CH3 OH
3-methylbutan-2-ol
H
H
H ion shift
CH3 C CH CH3
CH3
2 carbocation
(Less stable)
Br
CH3 C CH2 CH3 CH3 C CH2 CH3
CH3
CH3
Br
3 carbocation
(More stable)
2-bromo-2-methyl
butane
Selected NCERT ExemplarProblems

ShortAnswersType
Question 1. What is the structure and IUPAC name of glycerol?
Solution. CH2 CH CH2
OH
OH
OH
Propane-1,2,3-triol
Question 2. Write the IUPAC name of the following compounds.

NO2
3
6
(i) CH 3 CH CH CH CH CH 3
CH 3 OH C2H 5 OH
Solution.
(ii)
2
1
OCH3
(i) 3-ethyl -5- methylhexane-2, 4,-diol.

(ii) 1-methoxy-3-nitrocyclohexane
Question 3. Write the IUPAC name of the compound given below.

5
CH 3 CH 2 C ==C OH
1
CH 3 CH 2 OH
Solution.
Chemistry-XII
3-methylpent-2-ene-1, 2-diol.

Ncert Chemistry Xii 11

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11 Alcohols,Phenols

If CH2OH group is present, alcohol is 1 (primary), if CHOH group is

(ii) Primary alcohol

Identify allylic alcohols in the above examples.

Following groups are included in allylic alcohols.

CH2 ==CH CH2 OH CH2==CH C OH

(ii) H2C== CH CH2OH

NCERT ClassXII ChemistrySolutions

Question 3. Name the following compounds according to the IUPAC

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols,Phenols and Ethers

(iv) H2C==CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3

CH3 C==C CH2OH

Show how are the following alcohols prepared by the

HCHO gives CH2OH groups, so R of Grignard reagent is the remaining

HCHO + (CH3)2 CH MgBr

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

NCERT ClassXII ChemistrySolutions

Question 5. Write structures of the products of the following reactions.

(i) Acidic hydration of propene i.e., addition of H2O

C ==O group (not in ester group) into OH.

(iii) Reduction of CHO group into CH2OH.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols,Phenols and Ethers

CH3 CH2 CH CH2 OH

Question 6. Give structures of the products you would expect when

Solution. (i) Reactions of butan-1-ol

Heat (Lucas reagent)

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 Cl + H2O

(b) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH

(c) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 Cl + SO2 + HCl

(ii) Reactions of 2-methylbutan-2-ol

CH3 C CH2 CH3 + H2O

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

NCERT ClassXII ChemistrySolutions

Predict the major product of acid catalysed dehydration of

(ii) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH

CH3 CH2 CH==CH2 + CH3 CH==CH CH3

Note *OH from -C atomand H from -C atomiseliminated.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols,Phenols and Ethers

(ii) Major product is but-2-ene due to rearrangement to give secondary

CH3 CH2 CH CH2

Solution. (i) Phenoxide ion

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

NCERT ClassXII ChemistrySolutions

(ii) o-nitrophenoxide ion

(iii) p-nitrophenoxide ion

Note Structures in boxes have negative charge on that C-atom to which

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Write the equations involved in the following reactions :

CHCl3 + aq. NaOH

Question 10. Write

reactions of Williamson synthesis of

(i) Reaction of 3-methylpentan-2-ol with sodium.

Solution. (i) CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3 + Na

CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

NCERT ClassXII ChemistrySolutions

(ii) C 2H5OH + HBr

(iii) CH3 CH2 CH CH CH3 + C 2H5Br

Questions 11. Which of the following is an appropriate set of reactants

Because here the alkyl halide used is primary. Moreover in