c

Complete the sentences with the nouns or

verbs in

necessary.
pollution is one of the problems in my

necessary. Each word is used once.

1.The
of energy in this area has

n eig hb ourho od

every day?

' N am s a id.

'The words in the box are three-syllable

'M ore pe o ple a re aw a re of t he pre s e rv at io n

of nat ura l res ources ; the e dit or said.

nouns. Listen and repeat. Can you add two

T he e dit o r sa id

more, using the words from the VOCABULARY

3.Scientists have been looking for solutions for

We are discussing the protection of the natural

se c ti on ?

the Earth's limited

article
influence
solution

fossil fuels from depletion.

4. Many environmentalists have supported
the
of
the
earth's
natural

animal
pollution
chemical

e dit or
s cie nt ist
confusion

5.

article

t he g rou nd a nd

i n fl u e n c e e ne rg y

sol ution

cause ac i d ra i n w h i c h d a ma g e s wa te r ,
s o i l , a n d vegetation. Air pollution also
ca n l e a d t o a s e r ie s
of e nv i ro nm e nta l probl e m s s uc h a s
g l o b a l w a rm i n g , p o l a r i ce m e lt i n g , r i s e o f
s e a l e v e l s a nd los s of la nd.
Soi l poll uti on is a res ul t of dum pi ng plas ti c
or other inorganic wast e in the ground and

1. 'I'm writing for my school newsletter'

said.

2. 'Give some practical advice to students on

environmental preservation,'
asked Nam.
3. 'I haven't had any ideas,'

newsletter
'Focus on your topic: Nam's father told

Quickly read the text and select the best title.

a . N a t u r a l Re s o u r c e D e p l e t i o n

Notice the changes:

b . The Long -term Da ma ge of S oi l

Direct
speech
Pronoun

d.The Destruction of Ecosystem

he

h i s

is w rit ing

Ver
b

c . Envi r o nm enta l Pol l uti o n

Reported

Po s s e s s i ve m y

told him.

5. 'It was confusing because I got too many search

results and web pages about the environment:
said.
6. 'Focus on your topic:
told him.

What do you think the environmental impact

in each photo is? Read the text quickly and
check your answers.

him. Nam's father told him to focus on his topic.

said.

4. 'Use the web search engine to find

information,'

said. Nam said (that) he was writing for his school

overuse
of chemical fertilizers in
agriculture.The long-term eff ects of soil
pollution are
contaminated vegetation and the
decrease of soil fertility.
Wa t e r p o l l u t i o n i s a re s u l t o f d u m p i n g
pollutants such as detergents, pesticides,
oil, and other chemical s in rivers, which
makes the water unclean or contaminated.
Rubbish blockages in rivers can also
cause pollution. The eff ects of water
pollution include the destruction of
ecosystem of rivers, lakes and
the pollution of groundwater, surface water
and seawater.
the

Examples:

conversation between Nam and his father in

GETTING STARTED. Write the names of the
speakers.

dependin
g
on
c o n tthe
e x t

Environmental pollution is one of the impacts

Noise pollution is caused by loud and

annoying sounds of motor vehicles , rai lway,
aircraft and jet engines, factory machinery
and musical in strumen ts . It can cause
st re s s a nd psychological and health problems
for humans such as increased heart rate and
hearing damage.

of human activities on the Earth. It is also

one of the biggest problems of the world
today because it brings about contamination,

was writin g

ecosystem, and the cause of some diseases that

most people do not know about. There are four

depending
f o

u s

M os t

contributes to the g re e n h ou s e e ff e ct w h ic h

'I'm writing for my school newsletter,' Nam

I Read the following sentences from the

M111 =MI SEIM

f a c t o r i e s , a i r c r a f t a n d r o c ke t s . T h i s c a n

You can use reported speech to repeat what

people have previously said.

Scientists said

a t m o s p h e re editorc o n f us io n s ci e n t is t

Do depletion
you know ...?

Grammar

g re e n h o u s e e ff e c t ; s c i e n t i s t s s a i d .

new sle tter pol luti on protec ti on

stressed.
Examples:
po'llution, solution, proitection, confusion,

Reported speech

s a i d . Na m sa id
'Air pollution is one of the causes of the

of

Do you know ...?

The syllable before -lion or -sion is usually

vegetation ha rm ful t o h um a n hea lt h.

pages about the e nvi ronm ent, ' Na m

t he a i r p ol l ut i on re s u lt s f rom t he
bu rnin g of f os s il fue ls, mot o r ve hicle s ,

che mica l

by chem ica l s pray s a nd

fertilizers makes land arid, and

Na m's fa the r t old him

5 . 'It's confusing because there are too many web

MEM

syllable in each word.

3 . Th e greenhous e eff ect is ma de by

information that you need; Nam's father told

him.

.011.111 MEI

Listen and put a mark (') before the stressed

T he c oa s ta l a rea s hav e bee n s ev e re ly

by the disposals of harmful
chemical rubbish.

4 . ' U s e t h e w e b s e a rc h e n g i n e t o fi n d t h e

environment; the students told their

teacher. The students told their teacher

prote c t io n

resources such as land, fresh water, rain

forests and fossil fuels.

S. Most chemicals

N a m s a id

Pr o n u n c i a t i o n

increased a lot since a new modern resort

was built.
2.How much energy does this modern resort

decades to

hange the direct speech statements into

reported speech. Make any changes, if

2. Change the word forms, if

types of pollution, namely, air pollution, soil

to focus

context

Note: There are no quotation marks in

reported speech.

pollution, water pollution and noise pollution.

Environmental pollution is becoming an

increasingly serious problem or threat that
needs to be taken care of as soon as possible,
not only for the sake of the envionment, but
also for the people that live in it.
40

PFE,,,ng r r,e
1,,,,mment

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