REVISION QUESTIONS EMT211

Q1 (a) A metal zinc rod was gradually heated and its length, l, was measured as temperature, T,
as shown in Table 1[a]. It is given that the critical value for n=6 is 2.447 .

Length,
100
l/Panjang
(cm)
Temperature, 15
T
/Suhu
(oC)

(b)

112

116

119

20

30

35

40

25

(i)

Draw a scatter diagram and evaluate the value of r.

(ii)

Interpret the major inaccuracy in the recorded value.

(iii)

If so, discard the outliers and determine the new value of r.

A group of researcher investigating the amount of heat dissipated in hardening of cement
as Y(kJ/gram of molten metal) and four factors affecting it as X 1, X2, X3 and X4. Thirteen
observations were collected as produced in the matrix as shown in all Tables 4[b].
The value of X1 and X3 are shown in Table Q4[b(ii)].

Y
X1
X2
X3
X4
X1
X3

Table 1[a]
103
106

7
6

Y
1

1
15

X1
0.731
1

11
8

11
8

7
6

Table 4[b]
X2
0.816
0.229
1
Table 4[b(ii)]
11
3
9
17

X3
-0.535
r
-0.319
1
1
22

2
18

X4
-0.821
-0.245
-0.973
0.030
1
21
4

(i)

Assuming that the X 21 = 1139 and X 23

moment correlation coefficient between X1 and X3.

(ii)

Write down TWO(2) major features of the correlation matrix.

1
23

11
9

10
8

= 2293, find r, the product

Q2 (a) (i) Construct a straight line that approximate the data of Table 5[a] and get the value of
product moment correlation coefficient between the data given. Give the reasons of the observed
pattern from the graph. It is given that the critical point for n=8 is 0.707 at
Table 5 [a]
Jadual 5 [a]

X
Y

1
3
4
1
2
4
(ii) Find the equation for this line.

6
4

8
5

9
7

11
8

14
9

(iii) Fit a least squares line to the data by using

A. X as the independent variable
B. X as dependent variable
(iv) Show that the two least squares line intersect at point ( X ,

Y )

(v) Estimate the value of Y when X = 12, and also the value of X when Y=3.
(b) A group of researcher investigates an experiment with different chemical composition were
prepared for solder. Five solders using different spray flux were made on copper alloy. The
results of hardness measurement on Brinell scale, of the five wave solders (X1-X5) using four
different sprayed fluxes i.e. A,B,C, and D are presented in Table 5[b].
Table 5[b]
Flux
A
B
C
D

Sample
Values
X1
250
263
257
253

X2

X3

X4

X5

264
254
279
258

256
267
269
262

260
265
273
264

239
267
277
273

(i)

Calculate the sample mean, the sample standard deviation, theX2 and find r,
the product moment correlation coefficient for X.

(ii)

Assuming that the X 21 = 1139888 and X 22 = 1379998, find r, the

product moment correlation coefficient between X1 and X3.

(iii)

Write down TWO(2) major features of the correlation matrix.

Q3 (a) The results, in terms of tensile strength were obtained after conducting the bending test
for all nine specimens. Each test specimen, indeed, represented one experiment in the orthogonal
array Table 6 [a (i)]. The experimental results for bending test under the application of constant
load are summarized in Table 6 [a (ii)]. The results were analyzed by employing main effects, by
ANOVA, along with the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) analyses. Finally, a confirmation test was
carried out to compare the experimental results with the estimated results. Taguchi analysis was
carried out as shown in Tables 6 [a (iii-v)]. Unit used is as in Table 6 [a(i)] or otherwise stated
differently in other Tables.

Table 6 [a (i)]
Experimen Rate
of Melting
Holding
t
pouring
temper pressure
number (rpm)
atures
(kPa)
(C)

Cooling
temper
ature
(C)

Average
tensile
strength
(MPa)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

40
60
120
60
120
40
60
40
120

0.82
0.88
1.23
1.19
1.02
1.08
1.13
0.92
1.11

196
210
234
234
210
196
234
196
210
Symbol
A
B
C
D

210
232
266
210
232
266
210
232
266

774
774
774
810
810
810
854
854
854

Table 6 [a (ii)]
Parameter/factors
Average TS(MPa)
Level 1
level 2
level 3
Rate of pouring
0.94
1.00
1.18
Melting
1.05
0.94
1.14
temperatures
Holding pressure
0.97
1.09
1.05
Cooling
0.94
1.07
1.12
temperature

Taguchi Analysis:
(Rate of Pouring; Melting Temperature) versus (Rate of Pour; Melting Temperature)
Level
1
2
3
Delta
Rank
Level
1
2
3
Delta

Table 6 [a(iii)]
Rate
of Melting
Holding
pouring
temperatures
pressure
-1.728
-1.773
-1.386
-1.599
-1.592
-1.572
-1.415
-1.377
-1.784
0.314
0.396
0.399
4
3
2

Cooling
temperature
-1.936
-1.713
-1.093
0.844
1

Table 6 [a(iv)]
Rate
of Melting
Holding
pouring
temperatures
pressure
263.8
262.1
259.5
263.8
266.5
266.7
271.4
273.3
275.6
7.6
11.2
16.0

Cooling
temperature
260.6
264.6
276.6
16.0

Rank

Holding
pressure
304.2
319.6
338.3
34.1
1

Cooling
temperature
325.6
322.5
313.9
11.7
2

Table 6 [a(v)]
Level
1
2
3
Delta
Rank

Rate
of Melting
pouring
temperatures
321.3
321.3
320.9
320.6
319.9
320.2
1.3
1.1
3
4

From the observation made from data given, determine:

(a).

Using T-test, analyse the One-Sample T: average tensile strength (MPa)

(b).

Sketch the t-test distribution plot

(c).

Make ONE (1) conclusion based on the statement, Since T < t 0.05,8 ,
therefore null hypothesis is accepted. The average tensile strength is less than
or equal to 1 mm at 5% confidence interval.

(d).

State TWO (2) assumption that mostly describing the condition applied.

Q4. (a) Tyre pressure (in kPa) was measured for the right and left front tyres on a sample of
20 automotives as shown in Table Q4 [a]. Assume that the tyre pressure follow a
bivariant normal distribution.
Right tyre pressure
184
206
193
227
193
218
213
194
178
207
189
199
196
208
211
215

Table Q4[a]
Left tyre pressure
185
203
200
213
196
221
216
198
180
210
196
203
208
208
215
200

192
180
210
202

200
201
199
186

(i)

Find a 95% confidence interval for the population correlation between the pressure
in the right tyre and the pressure in the left tyre.

(ii)

Can you conclude that the or Justify your answer.

(b) In a sample of 300 steel rods, the correlation coefficient between diameter and length is r=
0.15.
(i)

Find the P-value for the testing H0 = versus H1 = Can you

conclude that > 0 ?

(ii)

Does the result in part (i) allow you to conclude that there is a strong correlation
between eccentricity and smoothness? Explain.

(c) In a study of ground motion caused by earthquakes, the peak velocity (in m/s) and peak
acceleration (in m/s2) were recorded for five earthquakes. The results are presented in the
following Table Q4[c]:
Velocity (m/s) / Halaju (m / s)
1.54
1.60
0.95
1.30
2.92

Table Q4[c]
Acceleration( m/s2) /Pecutan (m / s2)
7.64
8.04
8.04
6.37
3.25

(i)

Compute the correlation coefficient between the peak velocity and peak acceleration.

(ii)

Construct a scatter diagram for these data.

(iii)

Is the correlation coefficient an appropriate summary for these data? Explain.

(iv)

It is suggested that converting the units from meter to centimeters and from seconds
to minutes could give an effect. What is the effect would this have on the correlation?

Q5. (a). The scattering diagram in Figure Q5[a] shows the amount of pollutants; nitrogen oxides
and carbon monoxides, emitted by the exhausts of 46 vehicles. Both pollutants were
measured in grams of pollutants per kilometer driven.

Figure Q5[a]

Q6.

(i)

Write down three noticeable features of this scatter diagram.

(ii)

Suggest the explanation of the design of experiment for the data disseminated.

(iii)

State, giving your reason, whether or not that an out of tune engine would emit higher
quantities of hazadous pollutants. Sketch a new scatter diagram supporting the above
suggestion.
(a) A group of twelve children were participated in a physiological study design to access
the sleeping pattern of the children, if any, between their age, x (ages); and the average
total sleep time (ATST), y (minutes). In order to obtain the ATST, recording were taken
on each child on five consecutive nights and were averaged. The results obtained were
shown in Table Q4[a]. It is given that the critical value for n=12 is 0.576 .

Childrens name
Abigail
Bobby
Chi Zen
Ducan
Emily
Farra

Table Q4[a]
Age (x-years)
4.4
6.7
10.5
9.6
12.4
5.5

ATST (y-minutes)
586
565
515
532
478
560

George
Hillary
Imelda
James
Keele
Louise

11.1
8.6
14.0
10.1
7.2
7.9

493
533
575
490
530
515

(i)

Draw the scatter diagram of the relations between age and ASTS data provided in
Table Q4[a].

(ii)

Calculate the value of product moment correlation coefficient between x and y.

(iii)

Justify the significant of your value and interpret your results.

Q7. Thirty students were surveyed in a study involving time spent on the internet and their grade
point average (CGPA). The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1.
Hours
CGPA
Hours
CGPA
Hours
CGPA
11
2.84
9
2.85
25
1.85
5
3.2
5
3.35
6
3.14
22
2.18
14
2.6
9
2.96
23
2.12
18
2.35
20
2.3
20
2.55
6
3.14
14
2.66
20
2.24
9
3.05
19
2.36
10
2.9
24
2.06
21
2.24
19
2.36
25
2
7
3.08
15
2.6
12
2.78
11
2.84
18
2.42
6
2.9
20
2.45
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Plot a scatter diagram of the data

Fit a straight line to the data and give the value of m and c.
Get the sum of the squares of the distances of the points from the best-fitting line
Extrapolate the line and suggest how can a student get 4 point? Explain your inference
based on the value.
(25 marks)
Q8.
(a) Construct a straight line that approximate the data of Table 2 and get the value of
product moment correlation coefficient between the data given. Give the reasons of the observed
pattern from the graph. The critical point for n=8 is 0.707 at
(b) Find the equation for this line.
(c) Fit a least squares line to the data by using
(i) X as the independent variable
(ii) X as dependent variable
(d) Show that the two least squares line intersect at point ( X ,
Y )
(e) Estimate the value of Y when X = 12, and also the value of X when Y=3
Table 2

X
Y

1
1

3
2

4
4

6
4

8
5

9
7

11
8

14
9
(25 marks)
Q9.
A group of researcher investigates an experiment in which welding fluxes with different
chemical composition were prepared. Several welds using each flux were made on AISI-1018
steel based metal. The results of hardness measurement on Brinell scale, of the five welds using
each of the four fluxes A,B,C, and D are presented in Table 3.
Table 3
Flux
Sample
Values
X2
X3
X4
X5
X1
A
250
264
256
260
239
B
263
254
267
265
267
C
257
279
269
273
277
D
253
258
262
264
273
Calculate the sample mean, the sample standard deviation, the X 2 , and
find r, the product moment correlation coefficient for X.
(iv)
Assuming that the X 21 = 1139888 and X 22 = 1379998, find r, the
product moment correlation coefficient between X1 and X3.
(v)
Write down two major features of the correlation matrix.
(25 marks)
(a) A group of twelve children were participated in a physiological study design to access
the sleeping pattern of the children, if any, between their age, x (ages); and the average
total sleep time (ATST), y (minutes). In order to obtain the ATST, recording were taken
on each child on five consecutive nights and were averaged. The results obtained were
shown in Table 4. It is given that the critical value for n=12 is 0.576 .
Table 4
Childrens name
Age (x-years)
ATST (y-minutes)
Abigail
4.4
586
Bobby
6.7
565
Chi Zen
10.5
515
Ducan
9.6
532
Emily
12.4
478
Farra
5.5
560
George
11.1
493
Hillary
8.6
533
Imelda
14.0
575
James
10.1
490
Keele
7.2
530
Louise
7.9
515
(iii)

Q10.

(iv)
(v)

Draw the scatter diagram of the relations between age and ASTS data provided in
Table Q4[a].
Calculate the value of product moment correlation coefficient between x and y.

(vi)

Justify the significant of your value and interpret your results.