DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
1.

SCOPE ..............................................................

2.

REFERENCES .........................................................

2.1
2.2
2.3

Purchaser Specifications .....................................

Purchaser Drawings ...........................................
Industry Codes and Standards .................................

3
3
3

3.

GENERAL ............................................................

4.

DEFINITIONS ........................................................

5.

PURCHASER REQUIREMENTS .............................................

6.

SUPPLIER REQUIREMENTS ..............................................

6.1
6.2

General ......................................................
General Rules for In-Plant Work ..............................

5
6

7.

EQUIPMENT ..........................................................

8.

MATERIALS ..........................................................

9.

CLIMATIC CONDITION CONTROL .........................................

9.1
9.2

Factors Affecting Application ................................

Dehumidification .............................................

8
9

10. SURFACE PREPARATION ................................................

10

10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4

General ......................................................
Precleaning ..................................................
Metal Preparation ............................................
Abrasive Blast Cleaning ......................................

10
10
10
11

11. LINING SYSTEMS .....................................................

12

12. APPLICATION OF COATING SYSTEM ......................................

12

12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7

General ......................................................
Preparation of Coatings ......................................
Brush Application ............................................
Spray Coating ................................................
Ventilation ..................................................
Tank Bottoms .................................................
Tank Bottom, Walls, and Roof .................................

12
13
13
14
14
14
19

13. SAFETY .............................................................

20

13.1

General ......................................................

PAGE 1 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

20

DEC 97

13.2

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

Solvents .....................................................

TABLES
1 - Thin Film Lining Systems
2 - Thick Film Lining Systems
3 - Thick Film Reinforced Lining Systems
FIGURES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Welded Seam
Riveted Seal
Welded Chine
Riveted Chine
Roof Supports
Roof Supports
Roof Supports

ATTACHMENTS
V-2P0I
V-2P0R

GEMS V-2P0

Inspection and Testing Requirements Sheet (ITRS)

Documentation Requirements Sheet (DRS)

PAGE 2 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

20

DEC 97

1.

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

SCOPE
1.

This specification, along with API RP 652, defines minimum

technical requirements for coating interior surfaces of aboveground
welded steel tanks.

2.

This specification does not define requirements for determining the

need for an interior tank coating. Service experience, analysis by
materials engineer(s), and consultation with coating manufacturers
shall be considered.

2.

REFERENCES

2.1

Purchaser Specifications
This specification contains references to the following Purchaser
specifications:

2.2

1.

GEMSGC, General Conditions - General Equipment and Material

Specifications.

2.

GEMS V-1M, Industrial Coating Materials.

3.

GEMS V-2M, Interior Tank Coating Materials.

4.

GEMS V-1P, Application of Industrial Coating Systems.

Purchaser Drawings
This specification contains references to the following Purchaser
drawings:
None.

2.3

Industry Codes and Standards

This specification contains references to the following industry codes
and standards:
2.3.1

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

Standard for Abrasive Blasting.

2.3.2

2.3.3

2.3.4

American Petroleum Institute (API)

1.

RP 652, Lining of Above Ground Petroleum Storage Tanks.

2.

653, Tank Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and

Reconstruction.

3.

Publ 2207, Preparing Tank Bottoms for Hot Work.

NACE International (NACE)

1.

#1, Surface Preparation Grade 1 (White).

2.

6F264, Recommended Safety Inspection Check List for

Application of Interior Linings.

3.

RP0178-89, Fabrication Details, Surface Finish

Requirements, and Proper Design Considerations for Tanks
and Vessels to be Lined for Immersion Service.

4.

6D163, A Manual for Painter Safety.

Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC)

1.

PA-2, Measurement for Dry Paint Thickness with Magnetic

Gages.

PAGE 3 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

3.

4.

5.

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

2.

PA Guide 3, A Guide to Safety in Paint Application.

3.

SP-1, Solvent Cleaning .

4.

SP-5, White Metal Blast Cleaning .

5.

SP-7, Brush-Off Blast Cleaning .

GENERAL
1.

Unless specified otherwise, surfaces to be coated shall include

nozzles, interior face of blind flanges, and manway covers.

2.

Coating systems for tank exteriors shall comply with GEMS V-1M and
V-1P.

3.

Used tanks that require structural repairs shall be inspected and

repaired in accordance with API 653 before work for interior
coatings may begin. Consideration shall be given before coating the
vapor space of an old tank, as it may not be feasible to clean and
safe to weld in the superstructure.

4.

General conditions shall comply with GEMSGC.

DEFINITIONS
1.

Desiccant - Solid or liquid material that has ability to collect

moisture from air and later release water vapor if material is
heated.

2.

Gas free - Suitable for entry without wearing a respirator.

3.

Relative humidity - Ratio, expressed as a percentage, of amount of

water vapor present in a given volume of air at a given temperature
to amount required to saturate air at that temperature.

4.

Wet-bulb temperature - Temperature of air flowing across a

thermometer with its sensing bulb surrounded by a wetted wick.
Water evaporating from wick cools the sensing bulb in proportion to
amount of evaporation. Evaporation effect, and therefore the
cooling effect, is greater if air is drier. By measuring wet and
dry bulb temperatures and plotting the values on a psychrometric
chart, amount of moisture in the air can be determined.

PURCHASER REQUIREMENTS
1.

Unless specified otherwise, Purchaser will provide electrical power

at the project at the nearest source. Electrical power requirements
shall be specified by Supplier.

2.

Route of entry and exit to the project will be designated by

Purchaser.

3.

Purchaser will ensure that the tank is cleaned and free of gas. All
covers will be removed from cleanouts and manways.

4.

Unless specified otherwise, Purchaser will be responsible for all

welding repairs to the tank.

5.

Floating roof pontoons shall be checked with a combustible gas

indicator. If an explosive mixture is found, pontoons shall be made
gas free before any work is performed on the tank.

6.

Suction and fill lines shall be blinded.

PAGE 4 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

7.

Potable water as required by all trades needed to perform the

subject work may be furnished by Purchaser at its nearest source.

8.

Where fire hydrants are available, Purchaser will provide a fire

hose. Fire hose shall be connected to the nearest fire hydrant and
strung out to the project. At the end of each work day, Supplier
shall ensure that the hose is depressured.

9.

Unless specified otherwise, Purchaser will test the used blast

media. If used blast media is nonhazardous, Supplier shall dispose
of it. If used blast media is hazardous, Supplier shall place it in
approved containers supplied by Purchaser for ultimate disposal by
Purchaser.

10. At any one time, no more than two large containers, such as
rolloffs, will be provided.
6.

SUPPLIER REQUIREMENTS

6.1

General
1.

Work not defined in this specification shall be performed in

accordance with the recommendations of manufacturer of coating
system.

2.

Portable buildings necessary to provide for office space, storage

of tools and material, sanitary facilities, etc., shall be
provided.

3.

Sanitary arrangements for workers shall be provided. These

facilities shall be serviced during the course of work and removed,
along with their contents, upon completion of work.

4.

Ventilation shall comply with SSPC PA Guide 3.

5.

A fire extinguisher classified for fires related to the scope of

this work shall be provided.

6.

Supplier shall abide by Purchaser safety procedures.

7.

Work area shall be kept in a clean and safe condition at all times.
At the end of each day, all buckets and cans shall be removed from
the area.

8.

Coatings, thinners, and solvents, including rags and waste solids

with these materials, shall be kept in tightly closed containers
while not in use. Trash material shall be properly identified and
disposed.

9.

Waste byproducts from the project shall be removed.

10. Labor, equipment of adequate capacity and design, and materials

(unless otherwise specified) to perform the work shall be provided.
11. Personnel shall be qualified and certified in accordance with state
and/or federal agencies to perform the task to which they are
assigned. Purchaser has the right to refuse to allow any personnel
to operate any equipment for which they are not qualified.
12. Blast media shall be subject to approval by Purchaser.
13. Only coating products supplied or specified shall be used.
14. A responsible and competent person in charge of the work who will
remain on the project shall be present at all times during
performance of the work.

PAGE 5 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

15. One person shall have a radio for a voice and visual safety watch
when someone is working inside the tank.
16. Environmental practices employed in all phases of the work shall
comply with EPA regulations and state or local air quality board
regulations.
17. Costs to clean up any environmental damage caused by Supplier
procedures and work practices shall be borne by Supplier.
18. At the end of the work, debris shall be removed and site shall be
returned to its original or better condition.
6.2

7.

General Rules for In-Plant Work

1.

Safety and work rules and regulations established by Purchaser

shall be observed.

2.

Supplier shall at all times obtain a daily work permit, if

required, while working within the confines of plant. If required,
Supplier shall obtain a hot work or safety work permit.

3.

Caution shall be exercised in the movement of heavy equipment on

plant roadways. A flag or ground man shall be provided ahead of and
behind heavy moving loads. Cranes that are moved on plant roadways
shall have booms detached or fully retracted.

4.

Activities shall be conducted in such a manner that road damage is

avoided. Plant roads and other plant facilities that are damaged
shall be repaired and returned to original or better condition.

5.

Smoking by Supplier employees shall be permitted only at locations

designated by Purchaser. Smoking shall not be permitted while
traveling in vehicles within plant. Purchaser reserves right to
forbid smoking anywhere within plant.

6.

At all times, while working within plant, Supplier shall observe

and be subject to such rules and regulations as may be issued by
plant for:
a.

Security reasons.

b.

Minimizing fire and explosion risk.

c.

Maintenance or restoration of good order (regarding smoking,

lighting of matches, maintenance of open fires, intoxication,
misconduct, etc.).

7.

Supplier shall take steps necessary to ensure his employees or

employees of his subcontractors observe work rules and regulations
at all times while entering, leaving, or working in plant.
Violators shall be promptly removed from plant premises upon
failure to comply.

8.

Supplier shall coordinate his work schedule with plant's working

hours to minimize schedule problems. Supplier working hours shall
be subject to approval by Purchaser.

9.

Supplier shall include provisions of this specification in every

subcontract such that provisions will be binding upon Supplier and
his subcontractors, agents, employees, and independent contractors.

EQUIPMENT
1.

Compressed air for blasting and coating application shall be free

of moisture and oil.

PAGE 6 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

2.

Suitable air filters and traps of sufficient capacity shall be

incorporated in blasting and spray equipment. Air at nozzle shall
be checked periodically with a blotter test to ensure the air is
free of oil and water.

3.

Air spray equipment shall have double pressure regulation for

separate and independent control of fluid and air pressures.

4.

Mechanical agitation, spray guns, fluid tips, orifices, and needles

shall be equal to those recommended by coating manufacturer.

5.

Brushes and rollers shall be equal to those recommended by coating

manufacturer.

6.

Scaffolding or staging used for surface preparation and coating

shall be subject to Purchaser approval.

7.

Equipment shall be easily and readily accessible for correct

application and inspection of all surfaces. Purchaser shall be
allowed use of Supplier's scaffolding and staging to perform
inspections. Equipment shall be designed such that operators will
be able to stand erect with body and arms free of scaffolding or
staging and structure to be worked on.

8.

Generally, round or oval brushes shall be used to coat rivets, bolt

corners, and rough, irregular surfaces. Flat brushes shall be used
on flat surfaces.

9.

Lambs wool rollers with phenolic cores are the only acceptable
rollers unless Supplier can prove to satisfaction of Purchaser that
an alternate roller will work properly.

10. Supplier's temporary wiring, receptacles, lights, etc., shall be

weatherproof, explosion-proof, if required by Purchaser, and
NEMA/NEC approved for the purpose used. Light bulbs used shall be
protected by NEMA approved steel wire guard.
11. Nozzles used for blasting shall be grounded to tank grounding
system. Airless spray guns shall have a ground wire connecting gun
with tank grounding system.
8.

MATERIALS
1.

Materials furnished shall be subject to Purchaser inspection and

approval prior to commencement of work.

2.

Coating materials shall be delivered in unopened, clearly

identifiable containers.

3.

Unless expressly approved by Purchaser, different coatings shall

not be mixed.

4.

Materials shall be properly stored in accordance with Purchaser and

manufacturer requirements.

5.

Thinning of coating materials shall not exceed limitations

established by manufacturer.

9.

CLIMATIC CONDITION CONTROL

9.1

Factors Affecting Application

9.1.1

Temperature
1.

Coatings shall not be applied if:

PAGE 7 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

9.1.2

9.1.3

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

a.

Temperature of steel or coating material is below 50F

(10C).

b.

Air temperature is below 50F (10C) or above 120F

(49C).

c.

Surface temperature is expected to drop to 50F (10C)

before coating has dried.

2.

Coatings shall not be applied to steel which is at a

temperature that will cause blistering or porosity or will
be detrimental to the life of the coating.

3.

If coatings are applied in hot weather or thinned in cold

weather, precautions shall be taken to ensure that
specified thickness of material is obtained.

Moisture
1.

Coatings shall not be applied in rain, snow, fog, or mist.

2.

Coatings shall not be applied if steel surface temperature

is less than 5F (2C) above dew point or relative
humidity exceeds 80%.

3.

Coatings shall not be applied to surfaces that show traces

of moisture as condensation or precipitation.

Humidity
Manufacturer's instructions shall be followed regarding
acceptable humidity range for application and curing of
moisture-cured coatings.

9.1.4

Measure of Ambient Conditions

1.

Measurements of temperature, humidity, and dew point shall

be taken at the project at the beginning of each work day
and every 4 hours thereafter or sooner if weather
conditions appear to be changing.

2.

A record of these measurements shall be kept, indicating

the wet and dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, dew
point, and surface temperature of the metal of items
coated.

3.

Supplier shall have a Psychrometric Chart, shown below,

at his disposal at all times on the project.
a.

The dew point is the temperature at which moisture

will condense on the surface. Coatings shall not be
applied unless surface temperature is a minimum of 5F
above this point. Temperature shall be maintained
during curing.

b.

For example, if air temperature is 70F and relative

humidity is 65%, the dew point is 57F. Coating shall
not be applied unless surface temperature is at least
62F.

PAGE 8 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

Dew Point Calculation Chart

Ambient Air Temperature, F
90%
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
9.2

20
18
17
16
15
13
12
11
9
6
4
1
-2
-6

30
28
26
25
24
22
20
19
17
15
13
11
8
4

40
37
36
34
33
31
29
27
25
23
21
18
16
13

50
47
45
44
42
40
38
36
34
61
29
26
23
20

60
57
55
54
52
50
47
45
43
40
37
35
31
28

70
67
65
63
62
60
57
55
53
50
47
43
40
36

80
77
75
73
71
68
66
64
61
59
56
52
48
44

90
87
84
82
80
78
76
73
70
67
64
61
57
52

100
97
95
93
91
88
85
83
80
77
73
69
65
61

110
107
104
102
100
96
93
92
89
86
82
78
74
69

120
117
113
110
108
105
103
101
98
94
91
87
83
77

Dehumidification
1.

If dehumidification is to be used, all necessary equipment shall be

provided.

2.

Both condensation and desiccant type dehumidifiers may be used.

Condensation type dehumidifiers shall not be used below 60F
(16C).

3.

Equipment shall as a minimum have capacity to:

a.

Depress air dew point in tank 10 below ambient within 20

minutes.

b.

Effect an air change rate of three times per hour, unless

particle loading is unusually high (see SSPC PA Guide 3 for
regulation).

4.

If selected dehumidifier can reduce air dew point by more than 10,
air change rate can be reduced. If dehumidifier cannot reduce dew
point by at least 10, more air shall be used.

5.

Air flow rate for a dehumidifier, in cubic feet per minute, shall
be calculated as follows:
(Vi)(AC)

60

= ft3/min

Where:
Vi is internal volume of tank minus volume of any obstructions
measured in ft3.
AC is air change rate per hour (in this case 3).
60 is number of minutes per hour.
ft3 is airflow rate in cubic feet per minute required to meet
specified air change rate.
6.

The following critical measurements shall be taken on a regular

basis at a frequency to be determined by Purchaser:
a.

Ambient dew point (air entering the dehumidifier).

b.

Dew point of air leaving humidifier.

c.

Dew point of air inside tank near metal surface.

PAGE 9 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

d.

Surface temperature of substrate.

7.

Measurements in paragraphs 6.a. and b. ensure that the dehumidifier

is reducing air dew point by at least 10. Measurements in
paragraphs 6.c. and d. determine if system is achieving desired
difference between dew point and surface temperature.

8.

Electronic instruments are highly recommended for these readings

because accurate measurement is extremely difficult to obtain with
manual equipment.

10.

SURFACE PREPARATION

10.1

General

10.2

10.3

GEMS V-2P0

1.

Surface preparation shall be performed to provide appropriate

combination of surface cleanliness and anchor pattern that is
required to establish good chemical and mechanical adhesion of
coating resin to steel.

2.

Abrasive blast cleaning shall be to a white metal finish and comply

with SSPC SP-5 and NACE #1.

3.

Surface preparation shall be subject to Purchaser inspection and

approval before application of coating.

4.

While work is in progress, Purchaser shall be notified at least 4

hours in advance of any changes in schedule.

5.

Unless authorized otherwise, no surface preparation or coating

system application shall be performed in Purchasers absence.

6.

Surface preparations and coating application shall comply with this

specification and applicable laws and regulations. In the event of
conflict or disagreement, Purchaser will decide which will govern.

Precleaning
1.

Before blasting, all oil, tar, grease, salt, and other contaminants
shall be removed from the surfaces to be coated or lined.

2.

Hydrocarbon removal shall be accomplished by either:

a.

Solvent cleaning (SSPC SP-1) by power brush and high pressure

water.

b.

Steam cleaning using proper chemicals.

3.

Cleaning shall be followed by a fresh water rinse to ensure

complete removal of soluble salts and cleaning chemicals.

4.

If entire tank is to be coated, all rafters, supports, and

superstructure shall be included in cleaning process.

5.

A black light may be used to locate undetectable hydrocarbon

contaminants.

6.

Blasting shall proceed only after inspection and approval by

Purchaser.

Metal Preparation
1.

If welding repairs, which are normally Purchasers responsibility,

are specified, the following shall apply:
a.

All welding shall comply with NACE RP01, using Weld

Preparation Designation D as a minimum.

PAGE 10 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

10.4

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

b.

Welds shall be inspected before abrasive blast cleaning for

coating. Under certain conditions (determined by Purchaser),
blasting may be necessary for inspection.

c.

Inspection shall be made in Purchasers presence. Additional

welding may be required to meet Purchaser standards.

d.

Seal welding is recommended. If entire tank is to be coated,

Purchaser will specify whether joints in tank vapor space are
to be seal welded.

e.

Striker plates shall be inspected and repaired or replaced.

f.

If lining the bottom of a used tank, all holes over 1 inch in

diameter and all areas with a cluster of small holes or deep
pits shall be repaired by patching with 3/16 inch to 1/4 inch
steel plate with a continuous (seal) weld seam.

g.

To prevent accidental fires or explosions, hot work repairs

shall be made in strict compliance with API Publ. 2207.

h.

Welds, weld spatter, lamination in plates, and gross surface

imperfections shall be ground with abrasive wheels or discs.

i.

Weld spatter shall be removed by grinding or chipping, leaving

no spherical deposits. A mounded profile is acceptable.

j.

Plate edges shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 1/8 inch.

k.

Weld seams shall be ground such that slope onto, across, and
away from bead is gradual but not necessarily flush with
plates.

l.

Areas to be ground may be preblasted.

2.

Blasting specified for coatings shall follow grinding of welds,

etc.

3.

If lining bottom of tank with a floating roof, before blasting

begins, underside of roof and 7 feet up shell shall receive a brush
blast (SSPC SP-7) to remove contaminants and loose scale.

Abrasive Blast Cleaning

1.

Blast cleaning shall be performed by an experienced four man

(minimum) crew with equipment and abrasive acceptable to Purchaser.
Purchaser reserves the right to reject operators who are not
experienced or competent.

2.

Only dry blasting, using compressed air blast nozzles, shall be

allowed, unless wet blasting is required by local regulations and
approved by Purchaser.

3.

Compressed air supply used for blasting shall be free of water and
oil.

4.

Air compressors shall have a minimum capacity of 375 CFM per blast
nozzle, with a minimum nozzle pressure of 90 psi. Adequate
separators and traps shall be provided and kept empty.

5.

Abrasive shall be selected to produce necessary profile or anchor

pattern for coating to be applied. Abrasive shall be free of
contaminants, such as water soluble salts, dirt, clay, oil, and
grease. Used abrasive shall not be reused.

6.

Unless approved otherwise, blasting shall be done during daylight

hours only on surfaces that will not be wet after blasting or
before coating.

PAGE 11 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

11.

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

7.

If blasting is allowed at night, surfaces shall be swept clean the

next morning with light blasting to provide original specified
surface condition.

8.

Blasting shall not be allowed if metal surface are less than 5F

above the dew point temperature of air or relative humidity is
greater than 85%.

LINING SYSTEMS
1.

Lining systems are identified in three categories:

a.

Thin film.

b.

Thick film.

c.

Thick film reinforced.

2.

Maximum design temperatures for the systems are listed in Tables 1,

2, and 3. Specific recommendations for service shall be made only
by manufacturer of system.

3.

Lists of recommended manufacturers are contained in GEMS V-2M.

12.

APPLICATION OF COATING SYSTEM

12.1

General
1.

Coating shall begin as soon as surfaces are properly prepared and

prior to formation of any form of corrosion contamination from
atmospheric moisture.

2.

Blasted surfaces shall be absolutely clean and dry prior to

application of the first coat.

3.

Spent blast media shall either be removed or adequately covered

prior to coating to prevent contamination of surface to be coated.

4.

No abrasive shall be permitted in coating. Workers shall take

precautions (changing or dusting shoes and removing abrasive from
pant cuffs) to ensure that cleanliness is maintained throughout
entire coating operation.

5.

If prepared surface becomes dirty or rusty before first prime coat

is applied, surface shall be recleaned to degree initially
specified.

6.

Surface ready for coating shall be subject to Purchaser approval

before coating is begun.

7.

Welds and edges shall be stripe coated with primer by brush

application prior to application of first prime coat.

8.

Primers and coatings shall be applied free of holidays, pinholes,

runs, and sags to a uniform thickness.

9.

Prior to application of any coat, damage to previous coat shall be

touched up with corresponding specified material.

10. Coated surfaces, including striping and touchup, shall be

thoroughly dry and clean prior to application of subsequent coats
in accordance with manufacturers recommendation for recoat time.
11. Each applied coat shall be subject to Purchaser approval prior to
application of next coat.
12. Coating thickness shall be minimum dry film thickness (MDFT)
specified by Purchaser for particular coat or overall system.
PAGE 12 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

Maximum dry film thicknesses, if specified, shall be strictly

adhered to.
13. Unless specified otherwise, allowable dry film thickness range
shall be as specified by coating manufacturer on product data
sheet.
14. If, after inspection, coating thickness is deemed insufficient,
necessary additional coating to achieve required film thickness
shall be applied. If coating is too thick and detrimental to
integrity of system, excess coating shall be sanded off to required
film thickness.
15. Dry film thickness (DFT) shall be determined using methods outlined
in SSPC PA-2.
16. Each coat shall be allowed to dry and cure thoroughly before
application of subsequent coats. Time between coats shall be that
recommended by manufacturer for any given temperature.
17. If abrasive or other contaminants have contaminated coating,
coating shall be repaired. Supplier and Purchaser shall agree upon
a suitable repair method that removes all contamination and renders
all damaged coats whole.
18. If improperly mixed coatings (e.g., wrong catalyst or no catalyst)
are applied, coating shall be removed. Applicable inspection costs
shall be paid by Supplier. If necessary, these conditions shall be
investigated by coating manufacturer.
12.2

12.3

12.4

Preparation of Coatings
1.

Coatings shall be stirred or mechanically agitated to ensure that

pigments, vehicles, and actuators are thoroughly mixed. Boxing is
not allowed. If required, coatings shall be continuously stirred by
mechanical agitators or Purchaser approved means.

2.

Coatings shall be thinned only with thinner recommended by

manufacturer and in quantities not exceeding manufacturers
recommendation. No deviation from quantity of thinner recommended
shall be permitted without prior approval of Purchaser.

3.

Tinting for color contrast of primer and mid coat shall be subject
to Purchaser approval for thin film coating application.

4.

Pot life shall not exceed limits specified by manufacturer for any
batch. If this limit is reached, material shall be discarded and
new material mixed.

Brush Application
1.

Rollers shall be of a style that will permit material to be applied

efficiently and uniformly.

2.

Width of roller and length of nap shall comply with coating

manufacturer's recommendations or be subject to Purchaser approval.

3.

Roller fuzz, if left in coating, shall be removed. Damage to

coating shall be recoated.

Spray Coating
1.

Spray coating shall be performed by operators thoroughly familiar

with application techniques. Purchaser reserves the right to reject
operators not experienced or competent.

2.

Spray equipment (conventional or airless) shall be:

a.

Capable of atomizing coating.

PAGE 13 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

b.

GEMS V-2P0

Suitably controlled with pressure regulators and gages.

3.

Air lines, material lines, spray guns, air caps, nozzles, and
needles shall be those best suited for the product, as recommended
by manufacturer.

4.

Traps or separators shall be provided to remove oil and condensed

water from compressed air. These traps or separators shall be
drained periodically or continuously during operation.

5.

Coatings shall be kept properly mixed by continuous mechanical

agitation in spray pots or containers during application.

6.

Pressurized containers shall be fitted with pressure gages and

safety valves. Safety valves shall be tested daily before use.

7.

Pressure on material
adjusted for optimum
shall be high enough
not be so high as to
solvent evaporation,

8.

If necessary, a brush shall be used to ensure that all crevices,

pits, and corners receive adequate coverage.

9.

Welds shall be given a stripe brush coat of primer prior to spray

application.

in pot and air pressure at gun shall be

spraying effectiveness. Air pressure at gun
to properly atomize coating. Pressure shall
cause excessive fogging of material, excessive
or loss due to over spraying.

10. Runs or sags shall be brushed out immediately, or coating shall be

removed and surface resprayed.
11. Spray equipment shall be kept clean of dirt, dried coating
material, and other foreign substances. Solvents used for cleaning
shall comply with manufacturer's recommendations and be completely
removed from equipment before use.
12.5

12.6

Ventilation
1.

During and after application, thorough air circulation shall be

provided until coating is cured.

2.

No tank shall be lined unless it has at least two openings for

proper air circulation.

3.

If possible, air circulation shall be fresh air intake at top of

tank and exhaust at bottom by suction fans. This requirement is
necessary because solvents used in coatings are heavier than air
and will settle at bottom of tank.

4.

Exhaust shall be capable of preventing solvent vapor concentration

from reaching lower explosive limit for solvents used.

5.

Ventilation shall be used for a minimum of 4 hours after final coat

has been applied to remove flammable solvents.

Tank Bottoms
12.6.1

General
1.

2.

Prior to priming, the following shall be prepared in

accordance with Section 3:
a.

Bottom metal surfaces.

b.

Equipment within tank.

c.

Lower 2.5 feet of shell.

d.

Lower 2.5 feet of all fixed roof support legs.

All welding and grinding shall be completed.

PAGE 14 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

3.
12.6.2

GEMS V-2P0

Dehumidification is recommended.

Priming
1.

Prepared surface shall be subject to Purchaser approval

prior to primer application.

2.

Striping of all welds and edges shall be completed before

general application of primer begins.

3.

Blasted surface shall be primed within 8 hours or as

needed to prevent flash rusting and protect the blast. If
rusting or flash rusting occurs, surface shall be
reblasted to specified finish.

4.

Prepared surface shall be rendered dust-free prior to

application of any prime coat by blowing off surface with
clean, dry air, preferably with an industrial vacuum
cleaner.

5.

Cleaned surface shall be coated with at least one coat of

primer during the work day it is cleaned and before
formation of any form of corrosion or contamination from
atmospheric moisture (this requirement may be waived by
Purchaser in dry climates).

6.

A minimum of 4 inches around edge of prepared areas shall

be left uncoated unless adjoining a coated surface, in
which case cleaning shall continue a minimum of 1 inch
into adjoining coated surface.

7.

Runs or sags shall be brushed out immediately, or coating

shall be removed and surface resprayed.

8.

Steel wet by moisture in any form shall be dried and

recleaned before priming.

9.

No acid washes or other cleaning solutions or solvents

shall be used on metal surfaces after being cleaned. This
includes any inhibitive washes intended to prevent
rusting.

10. Thickness of primer shall be checked with a wet film

thickness gage during application to ensure specified dry
film thickness.
11. After primer has cured, Purchaser will perform a hardness
test and dry film thickness test prior to release for
continued work. Entry to tank during this period shall be
limited to inspection personnel.
12. Upon reentry, personnel shall wear appropriate foot wear
to keep from damaging primer.
12.6.3

12.6.4

Patching
1.

Holes up to 1 inch in diameter shall be filled with

putty/caulking and patched with two layers of 1 1/2 ounce
glass mat saturated with layup resin.

2.

Each patch shall be centered over the hole and extend a

minimum of 3 inches past perimeter or all sides of hole.

Putty/Caulking Application
1.

Application may be by spray or putty knife and shall

include chine, bottom plate seams, bottom of sumps, and
along column bases.

PAGE 15 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

12.6.5

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

2.

Putty used shall be compatible with the resin system (see

Section 11).

3.

Corrosion pits in primed steel (shell and bottom) shall be

filled with putty flush with substrate surface.

4.

Large projections and lap joints on welded plates to be

coated shall be filled with putty to smooth out surface
and permit complete contact with laminant system. See
Figures #1 and #5.

5.

Chine or bottom angle shall be filled with putty and

covered to a smooth 3 inch radius to permit contact with
laminant system. See Figure #3.

6.

Riveted seams, lap joints, and chine angle plates shall be

filled with putty and smoothed to obtain complete contact
with laminant system. See Figures #2 and #4.

Columns, Support Legs, Sumps, Etc.

1.

2.

For tanks on which column base is not fixed or attached to

bottom by welds, a striker plate and resin laminant patch
shall be placed under column base as follows:
a.

Plates shall be installed under fixed roof tanks one

at a time. No fixed roof support shall be raised while
another is on the jack.

b.

Tack welds and/or guides shall be removed to free

column base and provide a smooth tank bottom.

c.

Column base shall be jacked up in accordance with

instructions detailed in Figures #5, #6, and #7.

d.

If a coating system is used without reinforcing,

coating system shall be inserted in step 6 instead
of reinforced laminant in Figure #5.

Striker plate for support legs on floating roof tanks

shall be placed as follows:
a.

Tanks normally have a stationary striker plate with a

circumferential fillet weld as part of original
construction (see Figures #5, #6, and #7). If this
stationary plate is not a part of design, steps 5 and
6 shall be eliminated, and reinforced laminant (or
coating system) shall be applied directly to blasted
and primed steel bottom, ensuring it extends 12 inches
onto floor. Steps shown in Figure #7 shall then be
continued.

b.

Auxiliary striker plate shall be blasted, primed, and

placed into wet laminant. Support legs shall be
lowered on auxiliary striker plate when resin starts
to gel.

c.

Hollow legs shall be wrapped with plastic, secured to

prevent dripping during transfer to a temporary
support, and raised.

d.

Reinforced laminate (or coating system) shall extend

at least 12 inches in all directions from striker
plate such that there is a 3 inch overlap when layup
operation is continued across the floor.

PAGE 16 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

12.6.6

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

3.

Sumps shall receive a reinforcement layer across bottom,

up sides, and 6 to 12 inches onto floor.

4.

Additional layers of laminant shall be installed on tank

bottom as follows:
a.

Under gage hatch (4 foot by 4 foot area).

b.

Fill line outlet (4 foot by 4 foot area).

c.

Swing line arresting chain of floating roof tanks (3

foot by 12 foot area).

Application of Laminating Resin

1.

2.

Lower Shell
a.

Layup operation on shell shall proceed in accordance

with paragraph 2. and shall continue around entire
tank circumference, sumps, and column bases or leg
pads before laying the tank bottom.

b.

Laminant shall be laid up shell 24 inches and extend

24 inches onto tank bottom, with a lap joint of 3
inches.

c.

Glass shall be completely wet and sealed on top edge.

d.

Resin shall be extended 4 inches past top edge of

glass.

Tank Bottom
a.

Supplier shall refer to manufacturers recommendations

for specific equipment and detailed instructions for
application.

b.

Layup operation across tank bottom shall, in general,

be accomplished in successive parallel courses of 50
inch widths and 20 foot lengths of glass mat,
providing a minimum lap joint of 3 inches.

c.

Reinforcement shall be placed without stretching or

pulling in widths not to exceed 50 inches.

d.

Any area of reinforcement found torn or damaged shall

be cut to remove damaged area and that piece
discarded.

e.

General layup process across tank bottom shall require

the following procedure:
(1) Roll or spray a heavy coat of catalyzed
laminating resin on primed steel surface.
(2) Lay sections of glass mat into resin and compress
it into wet resin with ribbed roller smoothing
out all of folds and wrinkles.
(3) Apply additional layup resin as needed to
completely wet all glass fibers and mat.
(4) Before resin gels, work wet laminant with a
roller, ensuring complete resin saturation of
glass fibers and that wrinkles, folds, air
bubbles, and entrapment are released prior to
resin cure.
(5) During resin and mat application, check to ensure
uniform wetting and prevent resin rich (puddling

PAGE 17 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

or surplus resin) or resin starved areas (lack of

resin and poor wet-out of glass fibers).

3.

f.

If chopped glass is being used, operation shall follow

same basic guidelines as layup operation.

g.

Normally, chopped glass and resin mixture shall be

applied to a thickness of 55 to 60 mil DFT.

h.

Care shall be taken to ensure all fibers are rolled

into resin on wall, as well as floor.

Laminant Inspection
a.

Inspection procedures in this section shall be

followed prior to applying seal or gel coat.

b.

The following test equipment shall be used:

(1) Microtest or Nordsion magnetic DFT gage.
(2) Holiday detector - DC flat 18 inch brush with
variable voltage regulator, Spy Detector or
equal.
(3) #934 Barcol hardness tester - Barber company
#934.

4.

c.

Entire floor and shell shall be visually inspected for

uncured resin, bubbles, voids, wrinkles, poorly wetted
fiberglass, and puddles. Defects shall be marked with
chalk for repair.

d.

Entire floor and shell shall be randomly checked with

mil thickness gage to ensure system meets specified
DFT, less thickness of seal coat.

e.

For vinyl ester and polyester laminants, floor and

shell shall be spot checked with a hardness tester.
There shall be a minimum of 30 readings after 24
hours.

f.

A holiday detector, set at voltage recommended by

manufacturer, shall be used to test for holidays in
Purchasers presence.

g.

Visible defects in coating shall be ground out.

Adjacent coating shall be briskly sanded with 40 grit
carborundum or aluminum oxide cloth.

h.

Holidays which appear only under electrical testing

shall be sanded and patched with a patch of glass mat
saturated with resin that extends a minimum of 4
inches past edge of defect.

i.

Uncured resin, puddles, air pockets, folds, wrinkles,

air bubbles, and entrapment shall be cut out and
patched with glass mat saturated with resin that
extends a minimum of 4 inches past defect. These areas
shall be filled with putty before patching with
fiberglass and resin.

j.

Repairs shall be tested with holiday detector and

hardness tester after sufficient cure.

Seal Coat
a.

A 15 to 20 mil seal coat shall be applied to all glass

reinforced resin surfaces.

PAGE 18 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

5.

12.7

GEMS V-2P0

b.

Wax solution shall be added, as recommended by

manufacturer, for polyester and vinyl ester resins.

c.

Complete system shall be inspected and retested as

outlined in paragraph 3.

Cure
a.

Reinforced polyester and vinyl ester shall cure for 24

hours and then be tested with a hardness tester. If
readings meet manufacturers recommendations, tank
shall be put back in service.

b.

Epoxy reinforced glass systems shall cure for 7 days,

with surface and ambient temperatures exceeding 60F
before tank is placed back in service.

Tank Bottom, Walls, and Roof

12.7.1

12.7.2

General
1.

Prior to priming, metal surfaces and equipment in tank

shall be prepared in accordance with Section 3.

2.

Welding and grinding shall be completed.

3.

Supplier shall refer to manufacturer's recommendations for

equipment and detailed instructions for application.

4.

Dehumidification is recommended.

Priming
1.

Priming shall follow procedure in Section 12.6.2.

2.

Primer shall be tinted to identify it from next coat.

3.

Color quantity and type shall comply with manufacturer's

recommendation.

4.

If temperature of steel is below that recommended by

manufacturer for curing or forced curing is desired, the
following procedure shall be used:

5.

a.

Raise steel temperature to 80F to 100F. In

determining steel temperature, take readings from
floor, as well as walls and roof.

b.

Install indirect gas or oil fired heaters with fans

behind flame/element to produce air in tank of 150F
to 200F at a convenient opening. Do not use heaters
that will exceed these temperatures.

c.

If possible, install a suction fan in an opening as

far away from input fan as possible.

d.

Maintain forced heated air input in accordance with

manufacturers recommended time and steel temperature
for desired cure.

Under highly corrosive conditions, after prime coat is

applied, a bead of caulking from 3/4 inch to 1 inch wide
shall be applied at periphery of tank (wall to floor) to
prevent premature failure due to expansion and
contraction.

PAGE 19 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

12.7.3

13.

SAFETY

13.1

General

13.2

GEMS V-2P0

Mid Coat and Top Coat

1.

Subsequent coats shall be tinted different colors.

Quantity and type of tinting shall comply with
manufacturer's recommendation.

2.

Coats shall be applied within manufacturers recommended

timing for recoat, as shown on manufacturers data sheet.

3.

Coatings shall be washed with water prior to application

of additional coats if they have been exposed to the
following:
a.

High humidity.

b.

Dust, dirt, oil, or grease.

c.

Operating plant conditions for any length of time.

1.

Proper respiratory equipment and personal protective clothing shall

be employed as necessary.

2.

Information regarding safety precautions is either attached to this

document and/or found in the following:
a.

OSHA Standard for Abrasive Blasting.

b.

SSPC PA Guide 3.

c.

NACE 6F264.

d.

NACE 6D163.

Solvents
1.

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), a volatile solvent and degreaser, shall

be used to remove uncured polyester resin with highest regard for
personal safety.

2.

MEK shall not be used for washing of hands or body and shall not
contact the skin.

3.

MEK shall not be used in an unventilated area unless Purchaser

approved breathing equipment is worn.

4.

MEK peroxide, if used as a catalyst for coating material, shall be

stored in polyethylene bottles only.

5.

MEK peroxide shall be measured in polyethylene or glass graduates

only.

6.

The following shall be used in confined areas:

a.

Explosion-proof lighting and electrical equipment.

b.

Nonsparking tools, clothes, and shoes.

7.

Structures and equipment shall be grounded.

8.

Procedures that prevent static electric sparks shall be used.

9.

Properly fitted appropriate NIOSH/MSHA approved fresh air

respirators, such as MSA or equal, shall be worn during and after
application unless air monitoring demonstrates vapor/mist levels
are within safe limits.

PAGE 20 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

10. Respirators shall have 1/4 inch I.D. or larger air supply line
connected directly to proper air source.
11. Suction type exhaust fans and blowers with sufficient CFM capacity
to keep solvent vapors below 20% of explosive limit shall be used.
12. Air circulation and exhausting of solvent vapors shall be continued
until coatings are fully cured to ensure that no potential for
fire, explosion, or health hazard remains.
13. Use of a combustible gas analyzer or sniffer shall be required to
check for a safe level of combustible vapors.
14. Unless specified otherwise, Purchaser will provide continuous
combustible gas monitors inside tank during application of any
coating. If gas monitor sounds, Supplier shall stop all work and
immediately exit tank. No work shall resume until gas
concentrations inside tank drop below monitor set point. Such work
stoppage shall be sole responsibility of Supplier and will result
in no added cost to Purchaser.

PAGE 21 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

TABLE 1
THIN FILM LINING SYSTEMS
Maximum Design Temperature F - Thin Film Lining Systems
Immersion Fluid

Epoxy
Coal Tar

Epoxy
Amine

Ammonium Hydroxide, 10%

Ammonium Hydroxide, 20%
Ammonium Hydroxide, 5%
Butanol
Crude Oil, Sour
Crude Oil, Sweet
DEA
DGA
Diesel Fuel
Ethanol
Ethylene Glycol
Fuel Oil, Heating
Gasoline, Leaded
Gasoline, Unleaded
Hydrochloric Acid, 10%
Hydrochloric Acid, 5%
Jet Fuel
Kerosene
Lube Oil
MDEA
MEA
MEK
Methanol
MTBE, 100%
Naphtha
Nitric Acid, 5%
Potassium Hydroxide, 10%
Potassium Hydroxide, 20%
Potassium Hydroxide, 40%
Propylene
Sodium Hydroxide, 10%
Sodium Hydroxide, 20%
Sodium Hydroxide, 40%
Styrene, 100%
Sulfuric Acid, 10%
Sulfuric Acid, 20%
Sulfuric Acid, 40%
TEG
Toluene, 100%
Water, Brine
Water, Deionized
Water, Distilled
Water, Potable
Water, Sea
Xylene, 100%

Ambient

Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
120
130
100

Epoxy
Amine
Adduct
140
140
140
130
200
200
100

140
Ambient
100

130
130
100
140
120
Ambient

130
120
130
180
140
120

100

130
130
120

140
140
200
Ambient

100

120
120
120

Ambient
140
160

Ambient

100
Ambient
Ambient

140
140
140
140
100

Epoxy
Novolac

Epoxy
Phenolic

120
120
120
160
275
275
140
200
275
150
150
275
200
200

Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
140
200
250
120
200
250
120
160
250
200
200

250
250
250
Ambient
Ambient

Ambient
Ambient
140
140

275
275
275
180
120
150
120
250
250

120
120
120
Ambient
120
120
140
120

150
150
150
140
180
180
180
120

120
120
120
100
120
120
120
120

160
160
160
140
160
160
160
140

140
Ambient
180
130
160
120
160
Ambient

120
140
200
180
180

200
120
120

200
140

175
180

200
140
200
200
200
150
160
150

150

Epoxy
Polyamide

Epoxy
Polyamidoamine

120
120

140
140

Ambient
100
100
100

140
100

90
200
200

PAGE 22 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

140
140
140

Ambient
Ambient

Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
100
Ambient

140
120
140
140
Ambient
140
140

Ambient
Ambient
Ambient

Ambient
140
140
140
Ambient

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

TABLE 2
THICK FILM LINING SYSTEMS
Maximum Design Temperature F - Thick Film Lining Systems
Immersion Fluid
Ammonium Hydroxide, 10%
Ammonium Hydroxide, 20%
Ammonium Hydroxide, 5%
Butanol
Crude Oil, Sour
Crude Oil, Sweet
DEA
DGA
Diesel Fuel
Ethanol
Ethylene Glycol
Fuel Oil, Heating
Gasoline, Leaded
Gasoline, Unleaded
Hydrochloric Acid, 10%
Hydrochloric Acid, 5%
Jet Fuel
Kerosene
Lube Oil
MDEA
MEA
MEK
Methanol
MTBE, 100%
Naphtha
Nitric Acid, 5%
Potassium Hydroxide, 10%
Potassium Hydroxide, 20%
Potassium Hydroxide, 40%
Propylene
Sodium Hydroxide, 10%
Sodium Hydroxide, 20%
Sodium Hydroxide, 40%
Styrene, 100%
Sulfuric Acid, 10%
Sulfuric Acid, 20%
Sulfuric Acid, 40%
TEG
Toluene, 100%
Water, Brine
Water, Deionized
Water, Distilled
Water, Potable
Water, Sea
Xylene, 100%

Epoxy
Amine

Epoxy
Bisphenol A
130

Ambient
150
150

Ambient
180
180

120
100
120
120
120
120

130
Ambient
130
130
130
130
Ambient
120
130
130
180

120
120
120

Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient

140

Polyester
Isophthalic

130
130
130
130
130
130
120
120
130
130
140

Ambient

Ambient
180
130
130

130
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
140
120
120
120
120
120
120
140
130
130

180
Ambient

140
120

Ambient
130
130
Ambient
130
130
130
130
180
180
180
120
120
120

140
100
100

Epoxy
Novolac
120
120
120
120
140
140
120

120
120

Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
160
160
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient

Ambient
Ambient
130

160
160
160
Ambient

Ambient
Ambient
Ambient

PAGE 23 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Polyester
Vinyl Ester
180
150
180
130
210
210
120

Polysulfide

180
130
210
180
130
130
140
140
130
150
180

250
150
150
250
150
150

120
Ambient
130
180
150
150
150
150
Ambient
150
150
180
Ambient
210
210
180
120
Ambient
180
210
210
150
210
Ambient

250
250

100
200
200
250

200
200
120
120
120

Ambient
Ambient
Ambient

120

180
180

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

GEMS V-2P0

TABLE 3
THICK FILM REINFORCED LINING SYSTEMS
Maximum Design Temperature F - Thick Film Reinforced Lining Systems
Immersion Fluid
Ammonium Hydroxide, 10%
Ammonium Hydroxide, 20%
Ammonium Hydroxide, 5%
Butanol
Crude Oil, Sour
Crude Oil, Sweet
DEA
DGA
Diesel Fuel
Ethanol
Ethylene Glycol
Fuel Oil, Heating
Gasoline, Leaded
Gasoline, Unleaded
Hydrochloric Acid, 10%
Hydrochloric Acid, 5%
Jet Fuel
Kerosene
Lube Oil
MDEA
MEA
MEK
Methanol
MTBE, 100%
Naphtha
Nitric Acid, 5%
Potassium Hydroxide, 10%
Potassium Hydroxide, 20%
Potassium Hydroxide, 40%
Propylene
Sodium Hydroxide, 10%
Sodium Hydroxide, 20%
Sodium Hydroxide, 40%
Styrene, 100%
Sulfuric Acid, 10%
Sulfuric Acid, 20%
Sulfuric Acid, 40%
TEG
Toluene, 100%
Water, Brine
Water, Deionized
Water, Distilled
Water, Potable
Water, Sea
Xylene, 100%

Epoxy
Amine

80
Ambient
250
250

250

Epoxy
Bisphenol A
Ambient
130
Ambient
180
180

140
Ambient
Ambient

Ambient
180
120
120

130
130
130
130
130
130
120
120
130
130
140
130
130
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
140
Ambient
120
120
120
120
120
140
130
130

140
Ambient

180
Ambient

140
120

150
275
200
200

200
200
200

200
Ambient
200
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
140
140
140

130
Ambinet
130
180
130
130
120
120
130
130
180

Epoxy
Novolac
120
120
120
120
140
140
120

Ambient
130
130
Ambient
130
130
130
130
180
180
180
Ambient
120
120
120

Polyester
Isophthalic

PAGE 24 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Ambient
180
180
Ambient
Ambient
150
120
120
150
150
150
150
150
150
180
150

Polyester
Vinyl Ester
150
150
180
150
250
250
120
210
130
210
210
180
150
150
150
180
180
150

Ambient

150
150
150
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
Ambient
150
150
120

150
Ambient
150
150

120
120
150
210
180
150
150
150
200
200
200
150
210
210
180
180
150
150
180
180
Ambient
200

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

PAGE 25 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GEMS V-2P0

DEC 97

APPLICATION OF INTERIOR TANK COATING

PAGE 26 OF 26
TEXACO GENERAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

GEMS V-2P0