Reporter: NAVARRO, Christine Marie F.

Period/Style: Post-impressionism (Late 19th century)

Major Characteristics
- The label Post-Impressionism was first used to described the works of Paul
Cezanne, Paul Gauguin, and Vincent Van Gough.
- Generally, the Post-Impressionists considered Impressionism too casual and sought
a means of exploring emotion in paint.
- In style and technique, they used vibrant colors, often in complementary harmonies,
in contrast to the pastel preference of the Impressionists.
Famous Artists and their Works
- Paul Cezanne was known as the single most important influence on Cubism. One of
his works is The Card Players (1892) (The Card Players is a series of oil paintings
by the French Post-Impressionist artist Paul Czanne. Painted during
Czanne's final period in the early 1890s, there are five paintings in the series. The
versions vary in size and in the number of players depicted. Czanne also
completed numerous drawings and studies in preparation for The Card
Players series. One version of The Card Players was sold in 2011 to the Royal
Family of Qatar for a price variously estimated at between $250 million and $300
million, making it the most expensive work of art ever sold.)
- In the painting Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?
(1898) (Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? is a
painting by French artist Paul Gauguin. Gauguin inscribed the original French title in
the upper left corner: D'o Venons Nous / Que Sommes Nous / O Allons Nous.
The inscription the artist wrote on his canvas has no question mark, no dash, and all
words are capitalized. In the upper right corner he signed and dated the painting: P.
Gauguin / 1897.[1] The painting was created in Tahiti, and is in the Museum of Fine
Arts in Boston,Massachusetts, USA.), Paul Gauguin reflects on the stages of life,
which he divided into three parts.
- Vincent Van Gough produced highly textured paintings done with striking
combinations. His most celebrated work is The Starry Night (1889) (The Starry
Night is an oil on canvas painting by the Dutch post-impressionist painter Vincent
van Gogh. Painted in June, 1889, it depicts the view (with the notable addition of an
idealized village)[1] from the east-facing window of his asylum room at Saint-Rmyde-Provence, just before sunrise.[2][3] It has been in the permanent collection of
the Museum of Modern Art in New York City since 1941, acquired through the Lillie
P. Bliss Bequest. It is Van Gogh's best-known painting and one of the most
recognized monuments in the history of Western culture.)

III-2 BSE Music

Expressionism (early 20th century)
Major Characteristics
- Expressionism is a style or movement in an art that centered on the expression of
inner emotions.
- It is a style stemming from the crises of industrialization focused modern times.
- Expressionists tendered distort or exaggerate natural appearance in order to
ominously visualize a reflection of the society.
Famous Artists and their Works
Among the notable artists and works during this period were:
- Edvard Munch, The Scream (1893);
- Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, (Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (6 May 1880 15 June 1938) was
a German expressionist painter and printmaker and one of the founders of the
artists group Die Brcke or "The Bridge", a key group leading to the foundation
ofExpressionism in 20th-century art. He volunteered for army service in the First
World War, but soon suffered a breakdown and was discharged. In 1933, his work
was branded as "degenerate" by the Nazis and in 1937 over 600 of his works were
sold or destroyed. In 1938 he committed suicide by gunshot. )
- Street Scene, Berlin (1913);
Oskar Kokoschka, (Oskar Kokoschka (1 March 1886 22 February 1980) was
an Austrian artist, poet and playwright best known for his intense expressionistic portraits and
landscapes.) Bride of the Wind (1913). (The Bride of the Wind (Die Windsbraut) (or The
Tempest) is a 1913-1914 oil on canvas painting by Oskar Kokoschka. It is housed in
the Kunstmuseum Basel. Kokoschka's best known work, it is an allegorical picture featuring a
self-portrait by the artist, lying alongside his lover Alma Mahler.
Kokoschka met Mahler, then recently widowed from Gustav Mahler, in 1912. A passionate
romance ensued, with the artist producing numerous drawings and paintings of Mahler. The
painting depicts Mahler in a peaceful sleep beside Kokoschka, who is awake and stares into
space. The couple's break-up in 1914 had a profound effect on Kokoschka, whose expressive
brushwork grew more turbulent.
When Kokoschka painted the picture, poet Georg Trakl visited him almost daily and extolled
the painting in his poem Die Nacht (The Night).)
Two groups of artists became significant in this movement:
- Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), which was based in Berlin; and
- DieBriicke (The Brdge), which was originally based in Dresden.