1'1 Universiti

Malaysia

J PAHANG
V

EngIneering Technology . Creativity

FACULTY OF MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

FINAL EXAMINATION
COURSE

HEAT TRANSFER

COURSE CODE

BFF3203

LECTURER

ASSOC. PROF. DR ABDUL AZIZ

JAAFAR

DATE

10 JUNE 2013

DURATION

3 HOURS

SESSION/SEMESTER

SESSION 2012/2013 SEMESTER II

PROGRAMME CODE

BFF/BFM

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:
(a) There are SIX (6) question in the Question Book. Answer ALL Questions
(b) All answers will be in the Question Book.

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS:
NIL

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of TEN (10) printed pages including front page.

CONFIDENTIAL

BFFIBFM/1 213111BFF3203

ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1 (5 MARKS)
Give reasons why energy balance is technically inappropriate to solve conduction and convection

(5 marks)
heat transfer problems in a thermal engineering device

QUESTION 2 (15 MARKS)

Thermoforming is a process in which a flat thermoplastic sheet is heated by a heater and
deformed into the desired shape. Duration of the heating cycle needed to sufficiently soften the
thermoplastic sheet dep ends on its polymer and color
Give your own view why the underline sentence is inappropriate for selecting the size of the
(15 marks)

heater

CONFIDENTIAL

BFFIBFM/1213111BFF3203

QUESTION 3 (20 MARKS)

Long forming plastic sheet of 10 cm thickness and 1.2 m width is heat treated by drawing the
plastic sheet at a speed of 20 mlmin through 6 rn-long oven maintained at

95

T. The plastic

sheet enters the oven at 25 C.

Determine the temperature at the centerline of the plastic sheet when the plastic sheet leave the
oven. Estimate the energy required by the oven if the process is continuously operated in ONE
month. Sketch the heat transfer system and list all engineering assumptions in the calculation.
(20 marks)

CONFIDENTIAL

BFF/BFM/121311/BFF3203

QUESTION 4 (20 MARKS)

Two 10 mm-thick stainless steel plates are subjected a contact pressure of 1 bar under vacuum
condition for which there is an overall temperature drop of 100 C across the plates.

Determine the following:

(20 marks)

a. magnitude of heat flux through the plates

b. the temperature drop across the contact plane. Sketch the heat transfer system and list all
engineering assumptions in the calculation

CONFIDENTIAL

BFFIBFM/1213111BFF3203

QUESTION 5 (20 MARKS)

A thick stainless steel slab that is initially at a uniform temperature of 20 C, is placed in a heating
section. The slab is fitted with a thermocouple which is located at

25

mm from a heated surface.

The heated surface is attached to a ceramic heater and is maintained at a constant temperature.
Temperature at the thermocouple location is 130 C after 30 s the slab surface exposed to the
heater.
Determine the temperature at the thermocouple location after 60 s. Determine the energy required
by heater to operate in ONE hour if the heating area is 1.0 m 2 , Sketch the heat transfer system and
list all engineering assumptions in the calculation.

(20 marks)

BFFIBFMJ1213IIIBFF3203

CONFIDENTIAL

QUESTION 6 (20 MARKS)

Cu

kapton

Cu

+
- T vc

ItL4Y .
A thermopile as shown in the figure is used to measure the heat flux on a heated surface by
measuring the temperature difference across a thin 2-mm thick heat conducting film made of
kapton. (The thermal conductivity of kapton is 0.3 45 W/mK)
If the thermopile can detect temperature difference of 0.1 C or more, determine the
minimum amount of heat flux on the heated surface. Sketch the heat transfer system and list
(20 marks)

all engineering assumptions in the calculation

END OF EXAMINATION PAPER

6

CONFIDENTIAL

BFFIBFMI1213IIIBFF3203

Table 1: Thermal properties of air

Air temperature

Thermal
conductivity

Density

Dynamic
viscosity

(kg/m')

(W/m2K)

(x 10 5

(J/kgK)

Pa.$)

3.261

1007

1.092

0.02735

40C

Specific
heat at
constant
pressure

Table 2: Thermal properties of solid substances at 300K

Substances

Thermal
conductivity

Density

Specific heat
at constant
pressure

(kg/M3)
(J/kgK)

(W/m2K)
stainless steel
AISI 304

14.9

7900

477

forming plastic

1.4

1200

1.7

Table 3: Thermal contact resistance for metallic interfaces under vacuum conditions
Contact Pressure on Stainless Steel
interfaces under vacuum conditions
100 kN/m2

100 000 kN/m2

6 t 25

0.7 to 4.0

thermal contact resistance

(xlO4 rn2KIW)

CONFIDENTIAL

BFF/BFM/121311/BFF3203

Table 4: Complementary Error Function Table

Ti

-:

_Compemer
jthry Error :Function Table_
erfi(q) _!I_ erk(g) Ti erI1) Ti erfr(i) ii_ erk(q)

.2 O! 0J988717 _1
OAQ O.977435 _.2
003 OL966159 1 0.53
0-9548891 _:
0.05 0.943828 0.55
0.932378 _:
.9:
.2:2 0921142 0.57.
0.06

0.906922

009

0198719

058 I
0.591

0.1

02887537

0.6

0.11
0.12
0.13
014
0.15
0.16
017
0.18
0.19
02
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.28
0.27
0.28
0.29
03
0.31
D.32 1
'0.33
10.34
025
0.36
'0.37
0.38
0.39
OA
0.41
0.42

0.875377
0.285242
0.854133
0.843053
0832004
0.220988
0.810008
0.769064
0.788160
0,777297
0.788478
0.755704
0.744977
0.734300
0123874
0713100
0.702592
0.6921201
0.681717
0.671373
0.661092
0.660874
0.840721
0.830835
0.620618
0.610670
0.600794
0.5809911
0,581281
0.571608
0.582031
0.552532
0343113
0.533775
0.524518
0.515345
030655
OA972501
0.468332

0.51
0.62
0.53
0.64
OMj
0.88
0.57
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.711
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.88
0.67
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.04
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99

'0.43

0.44
0.45
0-46
0.47
0-481
0.49 I

0.47950
C.470756
0.462101
0.453530
0.445061
0.436677
0.428384
0.420184
0.412077
0.404064
0.388144
0.358319
0.380589
0.372054
0.360414
0.357971
0.350623
0.343372
0.3218
0.329180
0.322199
0.315335
0.308587
0.301896
0.295322
0.288845
0.282463
0278179
0.269990
0.283897
0.287899
0.251997
0.246189
0.240476
0.234857
0.229332
0.223900
0.218560
0.213313
0.208157
0.203092
0.198117
0.193232
0.188437
(1163729
0.179109
0.174578
0.170120
0.185799
0.161492

1.011
1-021
1.03
1.04
1.5
1.06
1.07
1.081
1.091
1.1
111
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15 j
1.1651
1.17
J .'181
1.10
1.2
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.213
1.27
1.28
1.29
13
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
138
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.4
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.491

0.157299
0153190
0.i41 62
0.145216
0.141.30
0.3754
0.133856
0t0227
0.126674
0123197
0.119795
0.116467
0113212
0.110029
0106918
0.103876
0.100904
0.008000
0.005102
0.082392
0.089588
0.087045
0.084466
0.081050
0.079495
0.077100
0.074764
0.072488
0.070266
0.0438101
0.065922
0.0433037
0.061935
0.059985
0.08086
0.056238
0.054435
0.052688
0.05093.1
0.040327
0.047715
0.046148
0.044624
0.043143
0.041703
0.040306
0.038946
0.037027
0.030346
0.035102

15
151
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.6
1S7
18
1.59
1 -61
1.61
1.132
1.02
1.64
1.05
1.&5
1.07
1.68
1.00
1.7
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.0
1.811
1.22
1.83
1-84
1.85
1.80
1.871
1.881
1.80
1.9
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.91
1.95
1.86
1.87
11)8
11)0

0.033895
0O327-23
0031587
0030484
0.02414
0.028377
0027372

2
2.01
2J2
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06

0237

2.07

0.02E43
0.024538
0.023652
0.022793
0.021962
0.021157
0.020378
0.019624
0.013825
0.013190
0.017507
0.015847
0.016210
0.015593
0.014997
0.014422
0.013865
0.0131328
0.012810
0.012300
0.011820
0.0113&0
0.01091l7
0.010175
0.010CI7
0.000653
0.009264
0.008888
0.008528
0.008170
0.007844
0.007521
0.007210
0.006910
0.006622
0.000344
0.000077
0.006821
0.005574
0.005336
0.005108
0.004829

2-081
2.09
2.1
2.111
2.12
2.13
2.141
2.151
2.161
2.17
218
210
22
221
2.22
2.23
224
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
220
2.3

231
2.32,
2.33
2.34
2:35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2f.
:2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.40

0.004678
0004475
0.D04281
0004094
U00914
0.003742
0.003577
0.003418
0.003260
0.003120
0.002979
10.002845
0.002718
10.002.3
10.002475
10.002381
10.002283
0.002149
10.OG2049
0.001954
0.001683
0'J001776
0.001692
0.001812
0.001536
(.001463
0.001393
0.001326
0.001282
0.001201
0.001143
0.001068
0.001034
0.000964
'0.000935
'0.000889
0.000845
10.000803
0.000793
10.000725
10.000689
10.000654
101)00621
10.000589
101)00589
'0.000531
10.000503
'0.000477
'0.000953
DM04291

'1
as
:2J51
2.52
253
254
2.55
2.56
2S7

2.58
2.09

2.6
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.68
2-671
2-6BI
2-691
2.7
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
217
2.78,
2.79
2.8
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2-91
2.91
2.92
2.03
2.94
2.95
2.96
2:97
2:9BI
21)9

erk(q)
O00407
0.000386
0.000385
0.000346
0.000328
0.000311
0.000294
0.000278
0.000264
0.000249
0.000236
0.000223
0.000211
0.000200
0J000189
0.000178
0.000169
0.000159
0.000151
0.000142
0.000134
0,000127
0.000120
0.000113
0.000107
0.000101
0.000095
0-0000901
0.000084
0.000080
0.000075
0.000071
0.000067
0.000063
0.000059
0.000058
0.000052
0.000049'
0.00008
0.000044
0.000041
GL000M91
0.000036
0.000034
0.000032
0.000030
0.000028
0.000027
0.000025
0.000024

Ti

erfi(Y)

31
3.01
3.02
3.03
3J04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
11
3.11
3.12
M3
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.2
3.21
3.22
323
324
3.25
3.26
327
328
329
3.3
3.31
332
323
3.34
3351
326
327
338
329
3.4
3.41

0009
0.00002074
0.00001947
0.00001827
0.00001714
0.00001608
0.00001608
0.00001414
0.00001326
0.00001243
0.00001165
0.00001062
0.00001023
0.00000958
0.00000897
0.00000840
0.00000786
0.00000736
0.00000889
0.00000644
0.00000803
0.00000564
0.00000527
0.00000493
0.00000460
0.00000430
0.00000402
0.00000378
0.00000351
0.00000328
0.00000306
0.00000285
0.00000288
0.00000249
0.00000232
0.00000216
0.00000202
0.00000188
0.00000175
01)0000163
0.00000152
0.00000142

3.42

0.00000132

343
3.44
3.45
3.46
347
3.48
3.49

0.00000123
01)0000115
01)0000107
0.00000099
0.00000092
01)0000086
0.00000080

CONFIDENTIAL

BFF/BFM/1 21 3111BFF3203

Table 5: Flow and thermal properties of flow over a flat plate

='

F
^ -X-/P

Yx
-

dij'

dij'

v = ---

u = -;
Y
0

= T -T
T-T

7^

d712

d^

0.332

0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2,5

0.042
0.166
0.370
0.650
0.996

0.166
0.330
0.487
0.530
0.751

0.331
0.323
0.303
0.257
0,217

3.0
3.5
4.0

1.397
1.838
2.306

0.846
0.913
0.956

0.161
0.108
0.064

4.5

2.790

0.980

0.034

5.0

3.283

0.992

0.016

5.5

3.781

0.997

0.007

6.0

4.280

0.999

0.002

30

71)

Table 1: Similarity function, f and its derivative for flow over a flat plate

laminar flow
Pr>0.6, Re <5x105

Local Nusselt number

Nu = 0.332 Re 5 Pr"3

Average Nusselt number

NuL = 0.664 Re15 Pr"3

Turbulent flow

0.65Pr:560
5 x io <- Re :5 iO
Nu = 0.0 296 R e

Pr113

NUL = 0.037 ReZ8 Pr113

CONFIDENTIAL

BFFIBFM/1 213111BFF3203

Table 6: Convection Heat transfer Characteritics for a'Large Plate: Flow and
Thermal Properties during Transient Conditions

4sinA
02 2A -- sin(2A)

tan A, = Bi

COS (A.nX it.)

One term approximation for

4 sin A
2A + sn(2A)

A1

Bi
'..QI
0.07
01)4
006
jj jDS
0.1
02

0.3

0.4
0.5
0,6
0.7
0
0
.0
2.0
3.0
SC)
5.0
10.0
20.0
010
400

A1

X,
00998
0.141-0

1.0017
10033

0. 1997

1.0066

0.2791

1.0130

0,2425
0.3111

1009

1-0161

0.4328

1.0311

0.2
0.6533
0.7051
0.7 506
0.7910

10501

0.5218

0,8274
018603
1.0769

1.1026
1.2646
1.3138

1.34

1.0450
1.0701

10814
110918
1.,1016
1.1107
1.1191
1,I75
1.2102
1.2287
1.2403
1,2-479'

1.2532

1.3766
143978
1.4149
1.4289
.1.4961
1.5202

1,2598
1,2620

1.5325

12723

1,2570

1.2599
1.2717

Thermal Characteristics in Transient Conduction Heat Transfer Through Plates

given by