Khizer H.

Issued For Use

Issued For Approval

5-4-15

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CONTENT
1.0

SCOPE ..................................................................................................................... 3

2.0

CODE, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS ............................................................ 3

3.0

SERVICE CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 5

4.0

LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS .................................................................................. 5

5.0

EARTHING OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND EQUIPMENT.................................. 5

6.0

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ..................................................................................... 8

7.0

NON-ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ............................................................................ 9

8.0

LIGHTNING PROTECTION .................................................................................... 10

9.0

EARTHING MATERIALS ....................................................................................... 11

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SCOPE
This specification gives the minimum requirements for earthing and bonding. It covers:

2.0

Electrical installations and power distribution systems.

Static earthing systems.

Lightning protection systems.

CODE, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS

Vendor shall meet or exceed the requirements of the latest edition of the following codes,
regulations and standards, except as superseded herein. In cases where more than one
code, regulation or standard apply to the same condition, the most stringent shall be
followed. In the event of a conflict between this specification and other specifications or
correspondence, the owner shall be consulted and a ruling, in writing, shall be obtained
before any work is started.

2.1

International Standards
IEC 60364-3

Electrical installations of buildings - Part 3: Assessment of

general characteristics.

IEC 60364-4

Electrical installations of buildings Part 4: Protection for

Safety. Protection against over-voltages and Protection
against over-voltages of atmospheric origin or due to
switching.

IEC 60364-5

Electrical installation of buildings Selection and erection of

electrical equipment Devices for protection against overvoltages.

IEC 61024-1

Protection of structures against lightning Part 1: General

principles.

IEC 61024-1-1

Protection of structures against lightning Part 1: General

principles Section 1 Guide A : Selection of protection
levels for lightning protection systems.

IEC 60079-0

Explosive atmosphere part 0: Equipment General

Requirements

IEC 60079-10-1

Explosive atmospheres Part 10-1: Classification of areas

Explosive gas atmospheres

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IEC 60079-14

Explosive atmospheres Part 14: Electrical installations

design. selection and erection

IEC 60079-15

Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres Part 15:

Construction. test and marking of type of protection "n"
electrical apparatus

IEEE 80-2000

Guide for safety in AC Substation Grounding

British Standards
BS 7430

Code of Practice for Earthing.

BS 6651

Code of Practice for protection of structures against lightning.

BS 5958

Code of Practice for control of undesirable static electricity.

Part 1

General considerations.

Part 2

Recommendations for particular industrial situations.

BS 6006

Specification for PVC insulated cables (non-armoured) for

electric power and lighting.

BS 4630

Specification for weldable structural steels

BS 2654

Manufacture of vertical steel welded non refrigerated storage

tanks with butt welded shells for the petroleum industry.

BS 1432

Copper for electrical purposes with drawn or rolled edges.

High conductivity copper rectangular conductors.

BS 1433

Copper for Electrical purpose. Rod and Bar.

BS 7671

Requirements for Electrical

Regulations, Sixteenth Edition.

Installations

IEE

Wiring

Codes, Regulations and Statutes of Authority having jurisdiction in the location of

installation.
Some requirements in this specification may be modified by specific requirements in the
Purchase Specification. In case of conflict, the specific requirements supersede this
specification.

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Any deviation from this specification must be approved, in writing, by owner. Such written
approval must be obtained prior to the commencement of any work which would
constitute such a deviation.
3.0

SERVICE CONDITIONS
The Vendor shall make due allowance for the environmental conditions when making
their offer, in the design and when selecting materials. The equipment and materials
shall be entirely suitable for operation in this environment.
The Contractor shall at an early stage of the project take soil resistivity measurements at
the proposed earth electrode locations to ensure that the earthing design and the
electrode locations are compatible and conflicts with plot layouts and foundations are
avoided.
For the details of environmental conditions please refer to the site condition.

4.0

LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS

All document and drawings shall be in English language.
Electrical symbols and definitions shall be in accordance with IEC recommendations.
Where no applicable IEC symbol definitions exist, BS symbols and definitions shall be
used.

5.0

EARTHING OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND EQUIPMENT

5.1

General Requirements
Overall underground earthing loops shall be provided, for buildings, process, utilities and
for structure, piping etc, these loops shall be interred connected by underground earth
wires. Each loop shall be linked to others by at least two branches. The integrated
system includes protective earthing, anti-lightning, anti-static, working grounding of
transformer or generator neutral.
The earth resistance of each electrode shall be as low as is practicable, but shall in any
event be such that the electrical resistance between the earth grid and the general mass
of earth ensures the operation all electrical protective devices. It shall not exceed 1 ohm
when any one of electrodes is disconnected.
The substation is provided with an underground horizontal earth conductor which shall
be fault rated. Size shall be 70 mm2 minimum for bare copper.
Earth electrodes should be made of copper rod, 20 mm diameter, L=2500mm.

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For some of these connections shall be through a removal link for testing and inspection,
inspection pits shall be provided. The arrangement for testing earth pits shall be such
that the disconnection of one earth pit does not disconnect other pits from the earth
network.
The earthing above ground network shall be made of green/yellow PVC insulated copper
cables.
Underground earthing conductor can be routed with cables buried, or in the cable trench.
When their route is in the same trench, they are run on either side. The earthing
conductor buried with cables shall be accessible without requiring displacement of
electric cable. When their route does not follow electric cable trenches, they are run
preferably in separate excavated trenches.
When crossing road the depth shall be 800mm minimum.
The earthing conductor is located at least 0.3m from any piping when running parallel to
or crossing piping.
The cross-section area of branch conductors connecting equipment and structures to the
earthing grid (Min.) shall be as follows:
1

To metallic enclosures of MV electrical equipment

70 mm2

To metallic enclosures of LV electrical equipment, having a

supply cable cross-sectional area > 35mm2

70 mm2

To metallic enclosures of LV electrical equipment, having a

supply cable cross-sectional area < 35mm2

25 mm2

To control panels, etc.

25 mm2

To non-electrical equipment exposed to lightning, e.g. columns

and tall structures

70 mm2

To other non-electrical equipment

25 mm2

Protective conductors may consist of one or a parallel combination of the following:

i)

Cable armouring or metallic sheath

ii)

Rigid screwed conduit

iii)

Earth core within a multicore cable

iv)

Separate conductor

v)

Structural steelwork (See Note 1)

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Sole reliance on cable armouring and/or metallic sheathing shall only be made if it is
adequately fault rated as a protective conductor. (See Note 2)
Notes:
a.

Structural steelwork may be considered as a protective conductor provided it is part

of the common static and lightning earthing system and there is a permanent
metallic path for fault current via such steelwork and other earthing conductors back
to the source of the power supply.

b.

This is a fundamental requirement which should be met in the case of faults within
the electrical equipment. In the case of faults within the cable, it may not be possible
to have armour which is fully fault-rated, particularly if the armour is of the steel braid
type.

The cross-sectional area of every protective conductor and bonding connection between
exposed and extraneous conductive parts shall be such that they are capable of carrying
the earth fault current, or an appropriate fraction of the total fault current, for the duration
of the fault without damage to the conductor or associated insulation.
The minimum size of copper earthing/bonding connections shall be 4 mm2 without
mechanical protection and 2.5 mm2 with mechanical protection.
Copper earthing/bonding connection of 2.5 mm2 cross-sectional area shall be multistranded.
All the earthing conductor of different cross-section shall be as per the equipment
vendors requirement.
Insulated protective conductors shall have a green and yellow outer covering.
Buried earthing conductors shall be bare copper cable, unless they are to be installed
where there is a likelihood of corrosion. In such locations buried earthing conductors
shall have an overall protective green and yellow covering.
Joints in protective conductors may be avoided. Where unavoidable, effective measures
shall be taken to prevent corrosion or other forms of deterioration or inadvertent
disconnection of such joints.
Joints and tees of buried earthing conductors shall be clamp connection.
Earthing connections shall be arranged so that continuity of the earthing system is not
broken by the removal of any one piece of equipment.
The terminating arrangement for high voltage cables shall incorporate a lug for bonding
the cable armour to earth or to the equipment enclosure.

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Non-metallic enclosures shall incorporate internal brass strips to maintain earth

continuity between cable entries.
6.0

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
The substation shall be provided with an underground earth conductor laid in a
separated excavated trench surrounding the substation.
A main sub-station earth busbar of high conductivity hard drawn copper shall be provided
in the switchgear building.
Electrical continuity between metal parts such as reinforce steel of concrete foundations
poles and floors, metal frames, rails and doors of transformer cells, and earth conductor
shall be constructional provided.
Each 11kV system neutral earthing resistor shall be directly connected to the external
earthing grid.
The sub-station earth busbar shall be directly connected to an earth electrode system or
to a combined earth mat/grid and electrode system installed in the vicinity of the
switchgear building.
At least one more electrode than the required minimum shall be installed to enable each
to be disconnected for testing without affecting the integrity of the earth system.
The secondary winding neutral points of star of power transformers shall be solidly earthconnected (or others base on requirement of the project and bureau), in addition to being
electrically and mechanically bonded to the main earthing network.
Final connection (even if there is resistance etc) shall be done directly to earth.
The earthing conductor for the switchgears shall be connected to the earthing system at
two positions.
The various components which required to be earthed shall be connected to the earth
conductor, namely:

Frame, structure, panels;

Secondaries of instrument transformer;

Cable shields, lead sheaths and steel belts, if any.

High voltage motor enclosures shall be directly connected locally to the plant static and
lightning earthing system or failing this to a local earth electrode. A common earth
electrode may be used for several high voltage motors in the area.

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High voltage cable glands shall be bonded to the motor enclosure by means of a bonding
conductor.
Metallic enclosures of motor control stations or other electrical devices local to the motor
shall be bonded to the associated motor enclosure or to the associated motor earthing.
Frames of motors, generators, and transformers, metallic housing of electrical equipment
such as control stations, welding sockets, lighting apparatus, and panel boards shall be
connected to the earthing system.
Cable steel wire armoring and lead (or semi-conductor) sheaths should be bonded
together at cable ends, between cables where more than one cable, and to earthing
system. In any case the resistance of the earth continuity system should be such as to
permit adequate current flow to ensure operation of circuit protective devices.
Metal cable tray shall be connected to the unit earthing system network at two points.
Electric continuity is ensured by the metal junction plates of the cable trays (or by copper
bonding strips).
7.0

NON-ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
In these areas earthing wires should be connected to the earthing system at two
positions. For separated removed equipment may be connected to earthing grid directly.
Storage tanks shall be earthed through an earthing ring, 2 points minimum up to 30
meters diameter, 3 points minimum up to over 30 meters diameter.
These earthing points shall be spaced symmetrically around the tank.
Floating roofs shall be electrically connected to tank shell by the tank manufacturer.
Earthing ring around the tank will be connected to the main earthing net in two points.
Each steel structure shall be connected to the earthing network in two locations.
The pipe-rack shall be provided connections approximately every 30 meters.
Bolts and welded metallic parts are considered as electrically bonded.
Pipes are bonded together and solidly grounded to the earthing networks at least at one
location.
But in no case special insulating flanges for cathode protection must be bonded together.
Anti-static shall be provided for where static occur and gather making hurt. When
structures have been connected with earth gird no requirement for anti-static.

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Metallic equipment such as columns, towers, drums, exchangers, furnaces, turbine

frames, etc, shall be connected directly to the earthing network in two locations. The
earthing lugs shall be provided on the equipments body.
Isolated structures or equipments such as flare, isolated storage tank or pipe way shall
be considered satisfactorily earth-connected if:
They are tied to the earthing network or to self-reliant earthing pits;
Their resistance values in keeping with earth are not in excess of 4 ohms.
Instrument earthing shall be done by instrumentation. Electricity install special earthing
bar in control room, and connected to the main earthing loops.
8.0

LIGHTNING PROTECTION

8.1

General Requirements
The lightning protection system shall be in accordance with BS 6651.
The lightning earthing system shall be connected to the main earthing system at two
points in the sub-station area.
To protect against a direct lightning strike the tallest structure on the station shall be
directly earthed as close to the base as possible by means of at least two electrodes.
Structures made of poorly conducting material e.g. brick or concrete and which are
vulnerable to lightning strike shall be provided with down conductors and an air terminal.
Structures outside the zone of protection of other structures shall be earthed as
described in paragraph above.

8.2

Lightning for Equipment

The steel structure shall be connected to the common earthing system by 35 mm2
minimum copper conductor.
Earthing connections shall be 35 mm2 minimum copper conductor except for direct
connections for lightning which shall be 50 mm2 minimum copper conductor.
Storage tanks shall be provided with earthing lugs or bolts welded to the tank shell.
Tanks of up to and including 30 meters diameter shall have at least two earth lugs or
bosses. Tanks exceeding 30 meters diameter shall have at least three. The earth lugs or
bosses shall be symmetrically spaced around each tank.

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Where tanks are grouped, each electrode common to the group may be installed.
Electrodes common to the group shall be bonded together by means of buried
connections.
The armouring of cables entering a tank shall be bonded to the shell at the point of
junction box.
Metallic guy ropes used for supporting stacks or structures shall be bonded at their upper
ends to the stack or structure if it is metallic or to the lightning protection system if it is
non-metallic. The lower end of each guy rope shall be directly earthed. Guy ropes
comprising two ropes in parallel shall additionally be bonded together at the upper and
lower ends.
Where the driven machine and the drive machine are in direct metallic contact with
earthed steelwork no further earthing is required.
Where both machines are on a common metallic bed plate mounted on a poorly
conducting foundation, the bed plate shall be earthed to the common earthing system by
copper conductor.
Where the driven machine and the drive machine are on separate metallic bed plates
mounted on separate plinths of poorly conducting material, the bed plates shall be
bonded together and a single connection taken to the common earthing system.
9.0

EARTHING MATERIALS
Earthing materials shall comply with BS 6651.
Earth rods shall be of copper.
The bolts in the earthing well shall be stainless type or other anti-corrosion material.