irregular

This mean that if verbs have at the end of their verb stems, and they are followed
by a suffix
that starts with a vowel, the part will change to or .
If the vowel before is , you change to .
If the vowel before is not , you change to .

Example
[dop-da] = to help
=++
--> + + =
** Note that it is NOT
[eo-ryeop-da] = to be difficult
= + +
--> + + . =
[present tense]
[past tense]
[future tense]
[chup-da] = to be cold
--> + + = .
[present tense]
[past tense]
[future tense]

Some other irregular words:

[nup-da] = to lie down
[gup-da] = to bake
[deop-da] = to be hot (weather)
[swip-da] = to be easy
[meap-da] = to be spicy
[gwi-yeop-da] = to be cute
[mip-da] = to hate, to be dislikeable
[a-reum-dap-da] = to be beautiful
Remember that these verbs have irregular forms ONLY WHEN the suffix coming after
them
start with a VOWEL. So if you have suffixes like - or -, they still keep the .

Irregularities in irregular verbs

Although the irregular rule is applied to most verbs that have in them, some
verbs do not follow this rule.

Action verbs
- [ip-da] = to wear
- [jap-da] = to catch

- [ssip-da] = to bite

Descriptive verbs
- [job-da] = to be narrow
- [neolp-da] = to be wide
These words still keep their in front of vowels.
Ex) --> (Not )
Ex) --> (Not )

Sample sentences
1. .
[i mun-je-neun eo-ryeo-wo-yo.]
= This problem is difficult.
2. .
[i-geo neo-mu gwi-yeo-wo-yo.]
= This is so cute

Todays keyword is

The Chinese character for this word is

The word is related to learning studying and school.

+ (person, member, participant) =
+ (school) =

[hak-saeng] = student

[hak-gyo] = school

[ha-gwon] = private institute

(numbers) + = [su-hak] = mathematics
(subject, class, species) + = [gwa-hak] = science
(word) + = [eo-hak] = language learning
(word+word) + = [eo-neo-hak] = linguistics
+ (person) = [hak-ja] = scholar
(to stay) + = [yu-hak] = studying abroad
(studying abroad) + = [yu-hak-saeng] = student studying abroad
+ (house, garden) =

 [jeon-hak] = to change schools

(to change schools) + = [jeon-hak-saeng] = student who moved to
(to roll, to move) + =
another
school

[hak-nyeon] = school year

+ (period) = [hak-gi] = semester
(recommend) + + (money) = [jang-hak-geum] = scholarship
+ + = [jang-hak-saeng] = student on scholarship
(return) + + = [bok-hak-saeng]
+ (year) =

= student who has returned to school (usually) after a long break

+ (acquire) =

[hak-seup] = learning, studies

[han-gu-geo hak-seup] = Korean learning

(alone) + =

[dok-hak] = self-study, studying by oneself

irregular is applied only to these three occasions:

Verb stem ending with - followed by

+ -//
+ -//
+ -//

is changed to and placed at the end of the previous

vowel and you add ONE
MORE before the verb ending.
Even if the verb stem ends with - [reu], if it is
then followed by
other endings such as -//, -, etc, - stays
the same.
In these cases,

Examples
[go-reu-da] = to choose, to pick, to select
--> [gol-la-yo] = I pick.
--> [gol-la-seo] = I pick and then; because I pick
--> [gol-la-sseo-yo] = I picked.

Sample Sentences
1. ?
[mwo gol-la-sseo-yo?]
= What did you choose?

2. .
[jeo-do mol-la-yo.]
= I dont know, either.

irregular.
When a verb stem ends with the consonant and it is
followed by a vowel, the consonant is dropped.

xample:
[nat-da] = to heal, to recover, to be better (in comparison)
+ (present tense) --> [na-a-yo]
= Its better. / Please feel better.

More examples
1. [jeot-da] = to stir (liquid)
+ = [ji-eo-yo]
2. [it-da] = to connect, to link
+ = [i-eu-myeon]
3. [jit-da] = to build, to compose
+ = [ji-eo-sseo-yo]

Sample sentences
1. .
[jal jeo-eu-se-yo.]
= Stir it well.
2. .
[du gae-reul i-eo-sseo-yo.]
= I connected the two (objects).

Exceptions
Some words do not follow this irregularity rule and still
keep the consonant

even before a vowel.

1. [ut-da] = to smile, to laugh
2. [ssit-da] = to wash
3. [beot-da] = to take (clothes) of
. [u-seo-yo.] = Smile. / I smile. / He smiles. / They laugh.
. [ssi-seul geo-ye-yo.] = Im going to wash up. / Im going to wash it.
. [sin-ba-reul beo-seo ju-se-yo.] = Please take your shoes of.

The Chinese character for this is

The word is related to room.

(make-up) + (room) =

[hwa-jang-sil] = toilet,

bathroom

[gyo-sil] = classroom
(practice) + (room) = [yeon-seup-sil]
(school, teach) + (room) =

= practice room, practice place

(wait) + (room) =

(meet) (discuss) + (room) =

[dae-gi-sil] = waiting room

[hoe-ui-sil]

= meeting room, conference room

(disease) + (room) =

[byeong-sil] = hospital room, patients

room
(beauty treatment) + (room) =

[mi-yong-sil]

= beauty parlor, hairdressers

[sa-mu-sil] = office
(school) + (work) + (room) = [gyo-mu-sil] =
(work) + (work, task) + (room) =

teachers office

[sil-jang] = head of the office

(room) + (inside) = [sil-nae] = indoors
(room) + (outside) = [sil-oe] = outdoors, outside
(room) + (head, leader) =

The Chinese character for this word is

The word is related to

movement

(to transport) + (to move) =

or

move.

[un-dong] = exercise,

workout
(to move) + (to make) =

(to make) + (to move) =

[dong-jak] = movement, move

[jak-dong] = operation (of a

device)

(to flow, to be alive) + (to move) =

(to move) + (language) =

[dong-sa] = verb

(to move) + (object, material) =

(to connect) + (to move) =

[hwal-dong] = activity

[dong-mul] = animal

[yeon-dong] = linkage,

[haeng-dong] = behavior

interlocking
(to do, to go) + (to move) =

(to move) + (to project) + (image) =

yeong-sang)
= video

) means not in English.

Examples

(dong-

 (not) + (comfortable, relaxed) =

= anxiety, anxious

(not) + (comfortable, convenient) =

= inconvenient,

uncomfortable

(not) + (complete) =

(not) + (balance) =

(not) + (full) =

= imbalance

= complaint

(not) + (correct) =

= incorrect

(not) + (attention) =

(not) + (correct, right) =

(not) + (proper) =

When

= incomplete

is written as

= carelessness

= wrong, unfair, unjust

= inappropriate

, it means vice as in vice president.

Expressions (positive sentences)

For positive sentences, you add - [-na] at the end of the word.
1. [a-mu-na] = anybody, doesnt matter who, anyone
Ex) . [a-mu-na ol su i-sseo-yo.] = Anybody can come.
2. [a-mu-geo-na] = anything, doesnt matter what
Ex) . [a-mu-geo-na ju-se-yo.] = Give me just anything.
(Originally comes from + [amu geo-si-na]. [geot] means thing.)
3. [a-mu-de-na] = anywhere, any place
Ex) . [a-mu-de-na jo-a-yo.] = Any place is good.
(Originally [de] means place or spot.)

Expressions (negative sentences)

For negative sentences, you add - [do] at the end of the word.

1. [a-mu-do] = nobody, not anybody

Ex) ? [a-mu-do eop-seo-yo?] = Nobody here?
2. [a-mu-geot-do] = nothing, not anything
Ex) . [a-mu-geot-do man-ji-ji ma-se-yo.] = Dont touch anything.
Ex) . [a-mu-geot-do mol-la-yo.] = I dont know anything.
3. [a-mu-de-do] = nowhere, not any place
Ex) . [a-mu-de-do an gal geo-ye-yo.] = Im not going anywhere.

How to say not just anybody

If what you imply is be careful when you make a choice and if you want to say things like
Dont eat at just any
place. Dont hang out with just about anybody. Dont buy just about anything (without
enough consideration).,
you can use the expressions or in a negative sentence.
Ex)
- . [a-mu-na ol su eop-seo-yo.] = Not everybody can come.
- . [a-mu-do ol su eop-seo-yo.] = Nobody can come.
Ex)
- . [a-mu-geo-na meo-geu-myeon an dwae-yo.] = You shouldnt eat just
anything.
- . [a-mu-geot-do meo-geu-myeon an dwae-yo.] = You shouldnt eat
anything at all.
Ex)
- . [a-mu-de-na ga-go sip-ji a-na-yo.] = I dont want to go just about
anywhere.
- . [a-mu-de-do ga-go sip-ji a-na-yo.] = I dont want to go anywhere.

More expressions
There are more expressions using [a-mu], such as [a-mu-ttae-na] for anytime,
but they will be
introduced in a future lesson.

1.
[a-mu-ttae-na]
= just anytime, anytime
= (any) + (moment, time) + -
Ex)
. [a-mu-ttae-na o-se-yo.] = Just come anytime.

2.
[a-mu mal-do] /
[a-mu i-ya-gi-do]
= no word, no mention
= (any) + / (language/word) + - (even/also)
Ex)
? [a-mu mal-do an haet-jyo?] = You didnt tell them anything, right?

3.
[a-mu-reot-chi-do an-ta]
= to be alright, to be okay, to be unafected by
= (any) + (to be so) + - (to be not)
Ex)
. [jeo-neun a-mu-reot-chi-do a-na-yo.] = Im okay.
4.

[a-mu-han-te-do]

= to nobody
= (anybody) + - (to) + - (even/also)
Ex)
. [a-mu-han-teo-do ju-ji ma-se-yo.] = Dont give it to anybody.

5.
[a-mu-reot-ke-na]
= just in any way, however you like it
Ex)
. [a-mu-reot-ke-na hae-do dwae-yo.] = You can do it whatever way you
want.

() + noun + - + ()

6.
[a-mu-(reon) + noun + -do + (eopseo-yo)]
= there is no + noun (of any kind)
Ex)
. [a-mu so-sik-do eop-seo-yo.] = There is no news (from them).
Ex)
. [a-mu mat-do eop-seo-yo.] = It is tasteless.

[jang]. It is written as

in Hanja, and it basically refers to

yard, place,

or

location.

Examples

() = place, venue
() = playground
() = parking

(yard/garden) + (spot) =

(exercise) + (yard) =

(to stay) + (car) + (place) =

lot

() = scene
() = marketplace
() = farm, ranch
() = swimming

(place) + (aspect/surface) =

(city) + (place) =

(to grow) + (yard) =

(swimming) + (place) =

pool =

(courtesy, etiquette) + (ritual) + (place) =

()

wedding hall
**

(magnetic) + (energy) + (field) =

()

magnetic field
**

(heavy) + (force) + (field) =

()

gravity field

[gwa]. When is written in Hanja as

means to

, it

surpass, to go over, to pass or too much.

(to surpass, too much) + (eat) =

[gwa-sik] = eating

too much,
overeating
(to surpass, too much) + (drink) =

[gwa-eum] =

drinking too
much, excessive drinking
(to surpass, too much) + (to be fast) =

[gwa-sok] =

speeding
(to go through) + (to pass) =

[tong-gwa] = pass,

passing
through, passing (a test)
(to see) + (to pass) =

notice, passing
over

[gan-gwa] = failure to

 (too much) + (agile, quick) =

[gwa-min] = being

hypersensitive
(too much) + (labor) =

[gwa-ro] = working too

much, too
much labor
(to pass) + (to go) =

[gwa-geo] = the past

(to surpass, too much) + (to be big) =

[gwa-dae] = too

big, oversized
(to pass) + (way, limit) =

[gwa-jeong] = process

(to surpass, too much) + (consumption) =

[gwa-so-bi] =

overspending, excessive consumption

(too much) + (to believe) =

overconfidence

[gwa-sin] =