Professional Documents
Culture Documents
RE 90220/05.12
Replaces: 05.10
1/16
Hydraulic fluids
Title
Environmentally
acceptable hydraulic
fluids
Fire-resistant,
water-free
hydraulic fluids
Fire-resistant,
water-containing
hydraulic fluids
Standard
DIN 51524
ISO 15380
ISO 12922
ISO 12922
RE 90222
RE 90223
(in preparation)
HFDR
HFDU (ester base)
HFDU (glycol base)
and more
HFC
HFB
HFAE
HFAS
Data sheets
Classification
RE 90220
RE 90221
RE 90220-01
(Market overview)
RE 90221-01
(Market overview)
HL
HLP
HLPD
HVLP
HLPD
and more
HEPG
HEES partially saturated
HEES saturated
HEPR
HETG
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Bosch Rexroth AG
RE 90220/05.12
Contents
1 Basic information..................................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 General instructions....................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Scope............................................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Safety instructions......................................................................................................................................................................................3
2 Solid particle contamination and cleanliness levels ....................................................................................................................................4
3 Selection of the hydraulic fluid...........................................................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Selection criteria for the hydraulic fluid..................................................................................................................................................5
3.1.1 Viscosity..................................................................................................................................................................................................5
3.1.2 Viscosity-temperature behavior.........................................................................................................................................................5
3.1.3 Wear protection capability.................................................................................................................................................................6
3.1.4 Material compatibility..........................................................................................................................................................................6
3.1.5 Aging resistance..................................................................................................................................................................................6
3.1.6 Air separation ability (ASA)................................................................................................................................................................6
3.1.7 Demulsifying ability and water solubility..........................................................................................................................................6
3.1.8 Filterability..............................................................................................................................................................................................6
3.1.9 Corrosion protection...........................................................................................................................................................................6
3.1.10 Additivation..........................................................................................................................................................................................7
3.2 Classification and fields of application . ...............................................................................................................................................7
4 Hydraulic fluids in operation...............................................................................................................................................................................9
4.1 General..........................................................................................................................................................................................................9
4.2 Storage and handling................................................................................................................................................................................9
4.3 Filling of new systems...............................................................................................................................................................................9
4.4 Hydraulic fluid changeover.......................................................................................................................................................................9
4.5 Mixing and compatibility of different hydraulic fluids..........................................................................................................................9
4.6 Re-additivation.............................................................................................................................................................................................9
4.7 Foaming behavior........................................................................................................................................................................................9
4.8 Corrosion....................................................................................................................................................................................................10
4.9 Air.................................................................................................................................................................................................................10
4.10 Water.........................................................................................................................................................................................................10
4.11 Fluid servicing, fluid analysis and filtration........................................................................................................................................10
5 Disposal and environmental protection.........................................................................................................................................................11
6 Other hydraulic fluids based on mineral oil and related hydrocarbons..................................................................................................12
7 Glossary................................................................................................................................................................................................................15
RE 90220/05.12
Bosch Rexroth AG
3/16
1 Basic information
1.1 General instructions
The hydraulic fluid is the common element in any hydraulic
component and must be selected very carefully. Quality and
cleanliness of the hydraulic fluid are decisive factors for the
operational reliability, efficiency and service life of a system.
Hydraulic fluids must conform, be selected and used in
accordance with the generally acknowledged rules of technology and safety provisions. Reference is made to the countryspecific standards and directives (in Germany the directive of
the Employer's Liability Insurance Association BGR 137).
This data sheet includes recommendations and regulations
concerning the selection, operation and disposal of hydraulic
fluids based on mineral oils and related hydrocarbons in the
application of Rexroth hydraulic components.
The individual selection of hydraulic fluid or the choice of
classification are the responsibility of the operator.
It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that appropriate
measures are taken for safety and health protection and to
ensure compliance with statutory regulations. The recommendations of the lubricant manufacturer and the specifications
given in the safety data sheet are to be observed when using
hydraulic fluid.
This data sheet does not absolve the operator from verifying
the conformity and suitability of the respective hydraulic fluid
for his system. He is to ensure that the selected fluid meets the
minimum requirements of the relevant fluid standard during the
whole of the period of use.
Other regulations and legal provisions may also apply. The
operator is responsible for their observance, e.g. EU directive
2004/35/EG and their national implementations. In Germany
the Water Resources Act (WHG) is also to be observed.
We recommend that you maintain constant, close contact
with lubricant manufacturers to support you in the selection,
maintenance, care and analyses.
When disposing of used hydraulic fluids, apply the same care
as during use.
1.2 Scope
This data sheet must be observed when using hydraulic fluids
based on mineral oils and related hydrocarbons in Bosch
Rexroth hydraulic components.
Please note that the specifications of this data sheet may be
restricted further by the specifications given in the product
data sheets for the individual components.
The use of the individual hydraulic fluids in accordance with
the intended purpose can be found in the safety data sheets or
other product description documents of the lubricant manufacturers. In addition, each use is to be individually considered.
Rexroth hydraulic components may only be operated with
hydraulic fluids based on mineral oils and related hydrocarbons
according to DIN 51524 if specified in the respective component data sheet or if Rexroth approval for use is furnished.
Notes:
In the market overview RE 90220-01, hydraulic fluid based on
mineral oil are described which, according to the information of
the lubricant manufacturer, feature the respective parameters
of the current requirements standard DIN 51524 and other
parameters which are of relevance for suitability in connection
with Rexroth components.
These specifications are not checked or monitored by Bosch
Rexroth. The list in the market overview does not therefore
represent a recommendation on the part of Rexroth or approval
of the respective hydraulic fluid for use with Rexroth components and does not release the operator from his responsibility
regarding selection of the hydraulic fluid.
Bosch Rexroth will accept no liability for its components
for any damage resulting from failure to comply with the
notes below.
4/16
Bosch Rexroth AG
RE 90220/05.12
Up to and
including
Scale number
8,000,000
16,000,000
24
4,000,000
8,000,000
23
2,000,000
4,000,000
22
1,000,000
2,000,000
21
500,000
1,000,000
20
250,000
500,000
19
130,000
250,000
18
64000
130,000
17
32000
64000
16
16000
32000
15
8000
16000
14
4000
8000
13
2000
4000
12
1000
2000
11
500
1000
10
250
500
130
250
64
130
32
64
20 / 18 / 15
> 4 m > 6 m > 14 m
RE 90220/05.12
Bosch Rexroth AG
5/16
3.1.1 Viscosity
Viscosity is a basic property of hydraulic fluids. The permissible
viscosity range of complete systems needs to be determined
taking account of the permissible viscosity of all components
and it is to be observed for each individual component.
The viscosity at operating temperature determines the
response characteristics of closed control loops, stability and
damping of systems, the efficiency factor and the degree of
wear.
We recommend that the optimum operating viscosity range
of each component be kept within the permissible temperature
range. This usually requires either cooling or heating, or both.
The permissible viscosity range and the necessary cleanliness
level can be found in the product data sheet for the component
concerned.
Fig. 1: Viscosity-temperature chart for HL, HLP, HLPD (VI 100, double logarithmic representation)
40
20
20
40
60
80
100
1600
1000
0
15
VG 00
1
VG 68
VG 6
4
VG 2
3
VG
22
VG
15
10
200
VG
VG
600
400
Viscosity [mm
Viskositt
(mm22/s]
/s)
100
60
40
20
10
40
25
10
10
30
Temperature
Temperatur t tin[C]
C
50
70
90
115
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Bosch Rexroth AG
RE 90220/05.12
Incompatible with:
HLxx classifications
80C
100%
90C
50%
100C
25%
Hydraulic fluids based on mineral oils and related hydrocarbons are tested with 20% water additive during testing of
aging resistance according to ISO 4263-1.
The calculated fluid service life is derived from the results of
tests in which the long-term characteristics are simulated in
a short period of time by applying more arduous conditions
(condensed testing). This calculated fluid service life is not to
be equated to the fluid service life in real-life applications.
Table 3 is a practical indicator for hydraulic fluids with water
content <0.1%, cf. chapter 4.10. "Water".
RE 90220/05.12
Bosch Rexroth AG
7/16
3.1.10 Additivation
The properties described above can be modified with the
help of suitable additives. A general distinction is made for
fluids between heavy metal-free and heavy metal-containing
(generally zinc) additive systems. Both additive systems are
most often incompatible with each other. The mixing of these
fluids must be avoided even if the mixing ratio is very low. See
chapter 4, "Hydraulic fluids in operation.
Increasing additivation generally leads to deteriorated air
separation ability (ASA) and water separation capability
(WSC) of the hydraulic fluid. According to the present state
of knowledge, all hydraulic fluids described in this document,
independently of the actual additivation, can be filtered using
all filter materials with all known filtration ratings 1 m without
filtering out effective additives at the same time.
Bosch Rexroth does not prescribe any specific additive system.
Classification
Features
Notes
HL fluids
according to
DIN51524-1
VI= 100
Hydraulic fluids
predominantly only
with additives for
oxidation and corrosion protection, but
no specific additives
for wear protection in
case of mixed friction
HL fluids can be
used in hydraulic
systems that do not
pose any requirements as to wear
protection.
HLP fluids
according to
DIN51524-2
VI=100
Continued on page 8
8/16
Bosch Rexroth AG
RE 90220/05.12
Features
Typical field of
application
Notes
HVLP fluids
according to
DIN51524-3
VI>140
HLPD fluids
according to
DIN51524-2,
HVLPD fluids in
accordance with
DIN51524-3
RE 90220/05.12
Bosch Rexroth AG
9/16
Recommendation:
Rexroth will not accept liability for any damage to its components resulting from mixing hydraulic fluids!
4.6 Re-additivation
Additives added at a later point in time such as colors, wear
reducers, VI enhancers or anti-foam additives, may negatively
affect the performance properties of the hydraulic fluid and
the compatibility with our components and therefore are not
permissible.
Rexroth will not accept liability for any damage to its components resulting from re-additivation!
10/16
Bosch Rexroth AG
RE 90220/05.12
4.8 Corrosion
The hydraulic fluid is to guarantee sufficient corrosion protection of components under all operating conditions, even in the
event of impermissible water contamination.
4.9 Air
4.10 Water
Water contamination in hydraulic fluids can result from direct
ingress or indirectly through condensation of water from the air
due to temperature variations.
Water in the hydraulic fluid may result in wear or direct failure
of hydraulic components. Furthermore, a high water content in
the hydraulic fluid negatively affects aging and filterability and
increases susceptibility to cavitation.
Undissolved water can be drained from the bottom of the
reservoir. Dissolved water can be removed only by using
appropriate measures. If the hydraulic system is used in humid
conditions, preventive measures need to be taken, such as
an air dehumidifier at the reservoir vent. During operation, the
water content in all hydraulic fluids, determined according to
the "Karl Fischer method" (see chapter6 "Glossary") for all hydraulic fluids must constantly be kept below 0.1% (1000 ppm).
To ensure a long service life of both hydraulic fluids and
components, Bosch Rexroth recommends that values below
0.05% (500 ppm) are permanently maintained.
To ensure a long service life for the hydraulic fluidsand the
components, we recommend that values below 0.05% (500
ppm) are permanently maintained. Detergent and or dispersant
hydraulic fluids (HLPD / HVLPD) are able to absorb (and keep
suspended) more water. Prior to using these hydraulic fluids,
please contact the lubricant manufacturer.
RE 90220/05.12
Bosch Rexroth AG
11/16
12/16
Bosch Rexroth AG
RE 90220/05.12
Hydraulic fluids
Can be used without confirmation provided they are listed in the respective product
data sheet and are compliant with DIN 51524. Conformity with DIN 51524 must be
verified in the technical data sheet of the fluid concerned. For classification see Table
4: "Hydraulic fluid classification.
Fluids only classified in accordance with ISO 11158 may be used only with prior
written approval of Bosch Rexroth AG.
DIN 51502 merely describes how fluids are classified / designated on a national
level.
It contains no information on minimum requirements for hydraulic fluids.
Hydraulic fluids standardized according to DIN51502 can be used without confirmation provided they are listed in the respective product data sheet and are compliant
with DIN 51524. Conformity with DIN 51524 must be verified in the technical data
sheet of the fluid concerned. For classification see Table 4: "Hydraulic fluid classification.
ISO 6743-4 merely describes how fluids are classified / designated on an international level. It contains no information on minimum requirements for hydraulic fluids.
Hydraulic fluids standardized according to ISO 6743 -4 can be used without
confirmation provided they are listed in the respective product data sheet and are
compliant with DIN 51524. Conformity with DIN 51524 must be verified in the technical data sheet of the fluid concerned. For classification see table 4: "Classification
and fields of application".
Lubricants and regulator Turbine oils can be used after confirmation and with limited performance data.
fluids for turbines to
They usually offer lower wear protection than mineral oil HLP. Classification of
DIN51515-1 and -2
turbine oils to DIN 51515-1 comparable to HL, turbine oils to DIN 51515-2 comparable to HLP.
Particular attention must be paid to material compatibility!
Lube oils in acc. with DIN 51517 can be used after confirmation and with limited
performance data. They are mostly higher-viscosity fluids with low wear protection.
Classification: CL similar to HL fluids and CLP similar to HLP fluids.
Particular attention must be paid to material compatibility, specifically with non-ferrous
metals!
RE 90220/05.12
Bosch Rexroth AG
13/16
Table 6: Other hydraulic fluids based on mineral oils and related hydrocarbons
(continued from page2)
Serial
number
8
Hydraulic fluids
Hydraulic fluids of
classes HVLP and
HVLPD based on
related hydrocarbons
Can only be used after consultation and approval for use in the specific application,
even if they are compliant with DIN51524.
Lower pour point than HLP
Other wetting (polarity)
Automatic Transmission
Fluids (ATF)
ATF are operating fluids for automatic gearboxes in vehicles and machines. In special
cases, ATFs are also used for certain synchronous gearboxes and hydraulic systems
comprising gearboxes.
To be used only after confirmation!
Some of these fluids have poor air separation abilities and modified wear properties.
Check material compatibility and filterability!
10
Multi-purpose oil
(MFO) Industry
11
Multi-purpose oils
(MFO) Mobil
UTTO, STOU
Multi-purpose oils combine requirements for wet brakes, gearboxes, motor oil
(STOU only) and hydraulics.
Fluids of the types:
UTTO (= universal tractor transmission oil) and
STOU (= Super Tractor super tractor universal oil)
To be used only after confirmation!
Please pay particular attention to shear stability, air separation ability and modified
wear properties.
Check material compatibility and filterability!
12
13
Single-grade engine
oils 10W, 20W, 30W
Please pay particular attention to the air separation ability and filtering ability.
Please pay particular attention to air separation ability, changes in wear protection
capability, viscosity changes during operation, material compatibility, dispersant and
detergent properties and filterability.
Caution! Multi-grade engine oils have been adapted to specific requirements in combustion engines and are suitable for use in hydraulic systems only to a limited extent.
14
15
Motor vehicle transmission oil can be used after confirmation and with limited
performance data.
Please pay particular attention to air separation ability, changes in wear protection
capability, viscosity changes during operation, material compatibility, water separation capability and filterability.
Caution! Hydraulic fluids for military applications do not meet the current requirements
for high-quality hydraulic fluids and are suitable for use only to a limited degree.
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Bosch Rexroth AG
RE 90220/05.12
Table 6: Other hydraulic fluids based on mineral oils and related hydrocarbons
(continued from page13)
Serial
number
16
Hydraulic fluids
Diesel / test diesel has poorer wear protection capabilities and a very low viscosity
(<3mm2/s).
May be used only with FKM seals
Please note their low flash point!
To be used only after confirmation and with limited performance data!
17
Hydraulic fluids for roller Hydraulic fluids for roller processes have lower wear protection capabilities than
processes
mineral oil HLP and a lower viscosity
Please note their low flash point!
Hydraulic fluids for roller processes with limited performance data can be used only
after confirmation.
18
Can only be used after consultation and approval for use in the specific application,
even if they are compliant with DIN51524.
Please note the low viscosity!
In most cases they have poor water separation capability
Check the material compatibility!
RE 90220/05.12
Bosch Rexroth AG
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7 Glossary
Additivation
Additives are chemical substances added to the basic fluids to
achieve or improve specific properties.
Aging
Hydraulic fluids age due to oxidation (see chapter 3.1.5 "Aging
resistance"). Liquid and solid contamination acts as a catalyzer
for aging, meaning that it needs to be minimized as far as
possible by careful filtration.
API classification
Classification of basic fluids by the American Petroleum
Institute (API) the largest association representing the US oil
and gas industry.
Arrhenius equation
The quantitative relation between reaction rate and temperature
is described by an exponential function, the Arrhenius equation.
This function is usually visualized within the typical temperature
range of the hydraulic system. For a practical example, see
chapter 3.1.5 "Aging resistance.
Related hydrocarbons
Related hydrocarbons are hydrocarbon compounds that are
not classified as API class 1, 2 or 5.
Basic fluids
In general, a hydraulic fluid is made up of a basic fluid, or
base oil, and chemical substances, the so-called additives.
The proportion of basic fluid is generally greater than 90%.
Demulsifying
Ability of a fluid to separate water contamination quickly;
achieved with careful selection of base oil and additives.
Detergent
Ability of certain additives to emulsify part of the water contamination in the oil or to hold it in suspension until it has evaporated with increasing temperature. Larger water quantities, in
contrast (above approx. 2%), are separated immediately.
Dispersant
Ability of certain additives to keep insoluble liquid and solid
contamination in suspension in the fluid.
Diesel effect
If hydraulic fluid that contains air bubbles is compressed
quickly, the bubbles are heated to such a degree that a selfignition of the air-gas mix may occur. The resultant temperature
increase may lead to seal damage and increased aging of the
hydraulic fluid.
Hydraulic fluids based on mineral oils
Hydraulic fluids based on mineral oils are made from petroleum
(crude oil).
ICP (atomic emission spectroscopy)
The ICP procedure can be used to determine various wear
metals, contamination types and additives. Practically all
elements in the periodic system can be detected with this
method.
Karl Fischer method
Method to determine the water content in fluids. Indirect
coulometric determination procedure in accordance with
DIN EN ISO 12937 in connection with DIN51777-2. Only the
combination of both standards will assure adequately accurate
measured values.
Cavitation
Cavitation is the creation of cavities in fluids due to pressure
reduction below the saturated vapour pressure and subsequent implosion when the pressure increases. When the
cavities implode, extremely high acceleration, temperatures
and pressure may occur temporarily, which may damage the
component surfaces.
Neutralization number (NN)
The neutralization number (NN) or acid number (AN) specifies
the amount of caustic potash required to neutralize the acid
contained in one gram of fluid.
Pour point
The lowest temperature at which the fluid still just flows when
cooled down under set conditions. The pour point is specified
in the lubricant manufacturers' technical data sheets as a
reference value for achieving this flow limit.
RFA (wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis)
Is a procedure to determine nearly all elements in liquid and
solid samples with nearly any composition. This analysis
method is suitable for examining additives and contamination,
delivering fast results.
Shearing/shear loss
Shearing of molecule chains during operation can change the
viscosity of hydraulic fluids with long chain VI enhancers. The
initially high viscosity index drops. This needs to be taken into
account when selecting the hydraulic fluid.
The only value at present that can be used to assess viscosity
changes in operation is the result of the test in accordance
with DIN 51350 part -6. Please note that there are practical
applications that create a much higher shear load on such
hydraulic fluids than can be achieved by this test.
Stick-slip effect (sliding)
Interaction between a resilient mass system involving friction
(such as cylinder + oil column + load) and the pressure
increase at very low sliding speeds. The static friction of the
system is a decisive value here. The lower it is, the lower the
speed that can still be maintained without sticking. Depending on the tribologic system, the stick-slip effect may lead to
vibrations generated and sometimes also to significant noise
emission. In many cases, the effect can be attenuated by
replacing the lubricant.
Viscosity
Viscosity is the measure of the internal friction of a fluid to
flow. It is defined as the property of a substance to flow under
tension. Viscosity is the most important characteristic for
describing the load-bearing capacity of a hydraulic fluid.
Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of the dynamic viscosity and the
density of the fluid; the unit is mm/s. Hydraulic fluids are classified by their kinematic viscosity into ISO viscosity classes.
The reference temperature for this is 40 C.
Viscosity index (VI)
Refers to the viscosity temperature behavior of a fluid.
The lower the change of viscosity in relation the temperature,
the higher the VI.
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Bosch Rexroth AG
Bosch Rexroth AG
Hydraulics
Zum Eisengieer 1
97816 Lohr am Main, Germany
Phone +49 (0) 93 52 / 18-0
Fax
+49 (0) 93 52 / 18-23 58
documentation@boschrexroth.de
www.boschrexroth.de
RE 90220/05.12