Slide 1:

Octavion help control for a numerous number of years

Why did they accept being under the rule of Augustus for so long
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Acted traditionally, denying certain powers in order to get more
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Not accepting the title of king
Slide 2: From Republic to Empire

Augustus governed through traditional offices

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Counsel, tribune
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Princeps, pater patriae - took these titles instead of king

Masked his supreme power

Associates his rule with mos maiorum (old traditions)

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After 100 years of war, all of our traditions and customs have
fallen into misuse, all I am doing is brining them back

Says this in some text "Even when I'm doing something

new, I'm actually just following in the steps of the ancestors"

Associates his rule with peace

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Closed doors of Temple of Janus (2 faced god that looks in
the future and the past, open the doors of this temple marks war
and closing, marks peace)

Under Augustus's rule, the doors were closed 3 times, the

most amount of time in Roman History
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Pax Romana: peace in Italy and Empire, the entire world was
united in peace under the rule of Rome

Though the Romans attained this peace by using warfare,

though, only when necessary - if the city did not surrender
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Pax Romana = Pax Augusta

Augustus stresses that peace is his primary goal and

accomplishments

Everyone wants peace, a vote for Augustus is a vote for

peace ( his campaign platform)

Augustus is a master of propaganda

Slide 3: Res Gestae

Stresses the peaceful acts accomplished by him, his virtues - gives

everyone a copy of this

Everywhere you went in the Roman Empire, you would see images of
Augustus
Slide 4: Augustus put his face on every single coin (heads)

Images of other objects on the other side symbolizing aspects of Rome

Slide 5: Prima Porta Augustus

A statue of Augustus representing Augustus as an idealized young man

- a divine version of him

The little dude at the bottom maybe cupid - cupid is the child of the
sea, cupid is Augustus's first cousin in a sense so it shows the
connection of Augustus to the Julian Family (Venus and Aenaeus)

Slide 6: From the top, clockwise

Breastplate has images on it

Parthian giving the standards and surrendering to Augustus in the

centre

Around it are of the Pax Romana,

Shows that the gods support the Pax Romana ; peace, prosperity,
power (themes)
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Same themes present in the building projects undertaken by
Augustus; temples, sewage systems, art objects - jobs and income
for the plebeains
Slide 7:

Forum of Julium - Venus Genetrix reference; had a statue of himself

outside the forum of him on the horse
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Shows his mother's power and his connection with her

Forum F
Slide 8:

Forum (ancient walls with an open court in the middle and space on
the sides for shops) Augustum
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Had statues of all the greatest men in Rome
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Middle, had a statue of himself on a chariot and stuff - Roman
virtue - what one does after a victory in battle
Slide 9: Temple of Mars Ultor (avenger), dedicated 2 BCE

Means, "Mars the avenger" - may be because Augustus gained his

power in the battle of Actium by avenging his father
Slide 10: Top triangle portion

Augustus was consistent and persistent with his propaganda and

placed that message everywhere
Slide 11: Ara Pacis, the ultor of peace - dedicated 9 BCE

Slide 12: Inside pictures of the Ara Pacis

Slide 13: woman showing a lot of fertility, cows showing agriculture symbols of prosperity basically

Slide 14: Aeneas offering a sacrifice wearing a toga over his head
which is done when making offerings to gods - represents piety, and it is
worn like this as Pontifus Maximus

Slide 15: Stuff

Slide 16: Shows the Julian family and the senators

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Represents the two pillars that the Roman society is founded on
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Shows Augustus's family is equivalent to the senate
Slide 17: Represents the two different pillars in piety, children show
the next generation that are going to have the same power

Slide 18: Quote: "Others, I can well believe, will more delicately beat "

Our talents as Romans is the Art of War and Peace, others (Greeks) can
be good at arts and stuff
Slide 19:
Maecenas

Served as a patron to many people such as Horace and Virgil

He was the patronus to poets in return, they honoured him and

supported his prestige

Both reflect Augustus's image as we see it in the Res Gestae

Slide 20: Quote " The Father's sent enough dread hail"

Represents the civil wars as a storm sent by the god Jupiter

Poem ends with a prayer to Augustus - dont rush back to the sky

Peace, prosperity, pater patriae, the Athenians - the exhaustion of war

and the gratitude to Augustus for ending this
Slide 21: Quote " Now's the time for drinking deep"

Celebrating the battle of Actium - the victory of Cleopatra - the

maddened queen
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Still applauds her actions for being so brave - make her seem
more dignified so the victory looks better
Slide 22: Horace Carmen Saeculare

SONG OF THE AGES - to mark the end of 1 age and the beginning of
another, the song of ages

Emphasis on piety and

Slide 23: S.22 contd. Praying to Jupiter for rain for a bountiful harvest

Shootout to Aeneas, the gods protecting him and let them protect his
ancestors
Slide 24: S.23 contd.

Horace really toes the line of Augustus's propaganda - power,

prosperity and peace.
Slide 25: Virgil Aeneid 6

Aeneas is in the underworld seeing the dead lining up to be reborn into

a new life - they are all descendants ; Romulus, Brutus, Grachhi, Scippio
- culminates on Augustus
Quote" Now direct your eyes"
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Opposite of the funeral where the youngest sees the ancestors
pass by
Quote: " O, do not ask"
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Sad boy at the end is Marcellus

Slide 26: Marcellus (died 23 BCE), son of Augustus

One by one, Aeneas loses everyone he loves

Slide 27: Dido (Aeneid 4)

Dido is a queen who takes in Aeneas and falls in love with Aeneas and
Aeneas wants to abandon his mission and be with her

Gods come down and tell him to leave - he shows piety and does so

Aeneas has to sacrifice his true love shows sympathetic depiction is

important when we see that she is a non-Roman and a defeated queen
Slide 28: Victory with mercy

Quote: "I often waged"

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Peace over war. War with mercy.

Turnus must die, gods have decided it

Slide 29: The death of Turnus (Aeneid 12)

Begs Aeneas to let him go back or have a dead body given to his
people

Quote " As soon as his eyes "

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Turnus is wearing the belt of a friend of Aeneas as a trophy
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Killed him
Aeneid celebrates Augustus's reign but also the costs