Digestive System I. Introduction/Overview: Mrs. Kusec Biology 12

Digestive System
I.
Introduction/Overview
A.
B.
____________________:
1.
Breakdown of ____________________ into small soluble ____________________
2.
Occurs ____________________ and ____________________
____________________:
1.
C.
II.
Taking ____________________ the body of the specific compounds
____________________:
1.
____________________ of materials not absorbed (taken into) the body
2.
____________________
Location of Parts and Function
A.
1.
Teeth
Type of teeth depends on ____________________ type:

a.
____________________: teeth for grasping ____________________ and severing

meat from bones
b.
____________________: flat teeth surfaces for ____________________ plant

fibres
c.
____________________: have a variety of tooth types for both

____________________ and ____________________ matter
Mrs. Kusec Biology 12
2.
Structure
a.
Covered by a very hard substance called

____________________
b.
Under this: is the softer ____________________

(bony)
c.
Living part of the tooth is the pulp which contains

____________________ and
____________________ ____________________
d.
3.
B.
Function: ____________________ digestion of food.
Tongue
1.
2 functions:
a.
b.
C.
Teeth fit into ____________________ in the ____________________
____________________
i.
____________________
ii.
____________________
iii.
____________________
iv.
____________________
Help ____________________ ____________________ in the teeth
Salivary Glands
1.
2.
3 pairs:
a.
____________________ on side of face (swell with the mumps)
b.
____________________ (below tongue)
c.
____________________ both in lower jaw
Produce ____________________
a.
Helps forms a ____________________ (food ball)
b.
Begins ____________________ digestion with the

____________________ ____________________
D.
c.
Rinse/____________________ the mouth
d.
____________________ mouth lining
e.
____________________e soluble particles
f.
____________________/lubricate food
Palates
1.
Locate at the ____________________ of the mouth
2.
Both ____________________ (____________________) and ____________________

(____________________)
3.
Separates the ____________________ from the ____________________

cavity
4.
E.
End in a flap called the ____________________
Pharynx (#8)
1.
Area between the ____________________ and the ____________________
2.
Pharynx is a ____________________ used for breathing and eating
3.
____________________ (#9) closes off the opening to the glottis (larynx) when food is
swallowed to prevent ____________________
F.
Esophagus (#7)
1.
Muscular tube that pushes the food to the ____________________ by

____________________
G.
Cardiac Sphincter (#10)

1.
____________________ that surrounds the ____________________ at its

junction with the ____________________
2.
H.
____________________ to admit food into the ____________________
Stomach (#6)
1.
____________________ pouch or enlargement of the

____________________ tract
2.
Located slightly ____________________ of center in the body
3.
Capacity: about ____________________
4.
Inner ____________________ lining contains ____________________

glands
a.
____________________ cells to produce ____________________
b.
____________________ cells produce ____________________, which is activated

by ____________________ into
enzyme ____________________
c.
____________________ cells produce mucus to

____________________ the stomach lining
5.
Function
a.
____________________ ____________________ for ingested food (empties in

____________________ hours)
b.
Place for ____________________ ____________________ (pepsin and salivary

amylase) to work
c.
____________________ of small molecules (e.g.

____________________, ____________________)
d.
____________________ amount of ____________________

produced:
i.
Extra protein will stimulate lower stomach to secrete hormone called

____________________ which will stimulate the ____________________
____________________ cells to produce ____________________
____________________
I.
Pyloric sphincter (#11)

1.
____________________ that surrounds the ____________________ at its junction with

the ____________________
____________________
2.
Opens to admit ____________________ into the ____________________

____________________
J.
Small Intestine
1.
____________________ meters or 10 feet in length
2.
Walls highly convoluted to ____________________.
3.
Interior folds covered with ____________________: tiny fingerlike projections that further
____________________.
4.
Divided into 3 parts

a.
____________________ (first 25 cm) (#3)

i.
Produces digestive enzymes: ____________________

____________________ ____________________
____________________
ii.
____________________ duct and ____________________ duct enter here

with their secretions.
b.
____________________
c.
____________________
5. Functions:
a.
Completes ____________________ ____________________
b.
____________________ of nutrients
i.
____________________, ____________________,
____________________, ____________________ are
transported into ____________________ ____________________, and
diffuse into _________________
ii.
____________________ diffuse into intestinal cells and are deposited in the

____________________ (lymph vessel in the villus)
K.
Liver (#2)
1.
____________________ internal organ in the body
2.
Constant monitoring of the ____________________ contents as the blood comes from the
small intestine via the ____________________ ____________________
____________________
3.
Functions:
a.
____________________ and ____________________ toxic materials

i.
b.
Example: ____________________ detoxification
____________________ extra glucose in the form of ____________________

i.
Will also convert ____________________ to ____________________
when blood sugar levels drop

c.
Destroys old red blood cells

i.
Hemoglobin broken down:

1.
____________________ is recovered/sent to bone marrow for use

in new red blood cells
2.
Protein is degraded into bilirubin and biliverdin that are excreted as

____________________
d.
Produces bile
i.
____________________ fluid
ii.
Stored in the ____________________ ____________________
iii.
____________________ fats
1.
Breaks fat drops into ____________________ droplets
2.
Helps fats stay in suspension in ____________________

environment
3.
Increased surface area of the fat aids ____________________

function
e.
Produces ____________________ from breakdown product of

____________________ ____________________
i.
Urea is ____________________ waste
f.
Makes ____________________ proteins
g.
Stores ____________________ and the ________________________________________ vitamins A, D, E and K
h.
Converts ____________________ ____________________ to

____________________ if necessary (____________________)
L.
Pancreas (#5)
1.
Produces ____________________ juice (____________________

____________________ and ____________________ ____________________ to
neutralize acidic ____________________)
2.
Produces ____________________, a hormone that influences the cells

____________________ of ____________________ from the ____________________
3.
____________________ juice and ____________________ are produced in response to

the ____________________ ____________________ from the stomach
a.
____________________ triggers the release of the hormones

____________________ and ____________________ (CCK) from the
____________________
i.
____________________ triggers release of

____________________ ____________________
ii.
____________________ triggers release of

____________________
M.
Caecum
1.
____________________ pouch at the end of the small intestine
2.
____________________ ____________________ in humans (vestigial)
3.
In herbivores, the ____________________ is broken down here by microbes that live in

the animal
4.
Appendix (#12) is a ____________________ ____________________-
____________________ growth off the end of the caecum

N.
Large Intestine (#4)

1.
5 parts
a.
____________________ ____________________
b.
____________________ ____________________
c.
____________________ ____________________
d.
____________________ - ____________________
____________________
e.
____________________- muscles close the rectum until release of feces is

appropriate
2.
Functions
a.
____________________ of ____________________
i.
b.
____________________ of the daily 10 L of water is removed
____________________ of ____________________
c.
____________________ of some amino acids, growth factors, vitamins B's and K

by E.coli)
3.
E. coli bacteria
a.
____________________ some undigestable material
b.
Produce ____________________ (____________________)
c.
Produce ____________________ ____________________
d.
Produce ____________________
e.
Produce ____________________ factors (proteins that stimulate cell

growth)
4.
III.
Feces is composed of
a.
____________________ food (mainly cellulose)
b.
Dead ____________________
c.
____________________
Digestive Enzymes
A.
Enzymes break down food into small molecules which are then absorbed
Name:
IV.
Source:
pH:
Digests:
Product:
Swallowing and Peristalsis

A.
Swallowing:
1.
Occurs in the ____________________
2.
A ____________________ action
3.
____________________ ____________________ closes off nasal cavities
4.
____________________ covers the opening to the ____________________
B.
The esophagus moves the ____________________ into the stomach by ____________________

1.
(defn): a rhythmic, wavelike contraction of the ____________________ and

____________________
2.
Muscle contractions (____________________ muscle) run along the tube and push food
material in
____________________ direction
V.
Insulin (and Glucagon)

A.
Insulin (secreted in response to high glucose levels after eating)

1.
Produced by cells in the pancreas called ____________________ of

____________________, which secrete directly into ____________________
2.
Acts upon the cell membranes of ____________________, ____________________, &

____________________ cells
3.
Insulin receptors on outer membrane open ____________________ proteins in the

____________________, allowing ____________________ to enter the cells from the
blood
4.
Stimulates the ____________________ and ____________________ to convert

____________________ to ____________________, as well as promoting the formation
of fats and proteins
5.
Big Picture: Insulin promotes

_______________________________________________________________________
______________
B.
Glucagon (secreted between meals)

1.
Also produced by cells ____________________ of ____________________
2.
Increases ____________________ glucose levels
3.
Stimulates ____________________ of stored nutrients
4.
Big Picture: Glucagon promotes

___________________________________________________________

Digestive System I. Introduction/Overview: Mrs. Kusec Biology 12

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Digestive System I. Introduction/Overview: Mrs. Kusec Biology 12

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Digestive System

Breakdown of ____________________ into small soluble ____________________

Occurs ____________________ and ____________________

Taking ____________________ the body of the specific compounds

____________________ of materials not absorbed (taken into) the body

Location of Parts and Function

Type of teeth depends on ____________________ type:

____________________: teeth for grasping ____________________ and severing

____________________: flat teeth surfaces for ____________________ plant

____________________: have a variety of tooth types for both

Mrs. Kusec Biology 12

Covered by a very hard substance called

Under this: is the softer ____________________

Living part of the tooth is the pulp which contains

Function: ____________________ digestion of food.

Teeth fit into ____________________ in the ____________________

Help ____________________ ____________________ in the teeth

____________________ on side of face (swell with the mumps)

____________________ (below tongue)

____________________ both in lower jaw

Helps forms a ____________________ (food ball)

Begins ____________________ digestion with the

Rinse/____________________ the mouth

____________________ mouth lining

____________________e soluble particles

Locate at the ____________________ of the mouth

Both ____________________ (____________________) and ____________________

Mrs. Kusec Biology 12

Separates the ____________________ from the ____________________

End in a flap called the ____________________

Area between the ____________________ and the ____________________

Pharynx is a ____________________ used for breathing and eating

Muscular tube that pushes the food to the ____________________ by

Cardiac Sphincter (#10)

____________________ that surrounds the ____________________ at its

____________________ to admit food into the ____________________

____________________ pouch or enlargement of the

Located slightly ____________________ of center in the body

Capacity: about ____________________

Inner ____________________ lining contains ____________________

____________________ cells to produce ____________________

____________________ cells produce ____________________, which is activated

____________________ cells produce mucus to

____________________ ____________________ for ingested food (empties in

Place for ____________________ ____________________ (pepsin and salivary

____________________ of small molecules (e.g.

Mrs. Kusec Biology 12

____________________ amount of ____________________

Extra protein will stimulate lower stomach to secrete hormone called

Pyloric sphincter (#11)

____________________ that surrounds the ____________________ at its junction with

Opens to admit ____________________ into the ____________________

____________________ meters or 10 feet in length

Walls highly convoluted to ____________________.

Divided into 3 parts

____________________ (first 25 cm) (#3)

Produces digestive enzymes: ____________________

____________________ duct and ____________________ duct enter here

Mrs. Kusec Biology 12

Completes ____________________ ____________________

____________________ diffuse into intestinal cells and are deposited in the

____________________ internal organ in the body

____________________ and ____________________ toxic materials

Breakdown of into small soluble

Occurs and

: teeth for grasping and severing

: flat teeth surfaces for plant

Teeth fit into in the

Help in the teeth

Both () and

Separates the from the

Area between the and the

that surrounds the at its

to admit food into the

Inner lining contains

cells to produce

cells produce , which is activated

for ingested food (empties in

Place for (pepsin and salivary

amount of

that surrounds the at its junction with

Opens to admit into the

duct and duct enter here

Completes

and toxic materials

extra glucose in the form of

Will also convert to

Stored in the

Stores and the ____________________ vitamins A, D, E and K

Converts to

Produces juice (

juice and are produced in response to

in humans (vestigial)

Appendix (#12) is a -

Produce ()

Produce

closes off nasal cavities

covers the opening to the

The esophagus moves the into the stomach by

Acts upon the cell membranes of , , &

Stimulates the and to convert

Also produced by cells of