Flexible Manufacturing

System

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬

‫ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺷﻴﺮﻭﻳﻪ ﺯﺍﺩ‬

Flexible Manufacturing Systems ١

Flexible Manufacturing System

‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﺪﻧﻲ‬

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‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ CNC‬ﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﻭﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ) ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ( ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

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 ‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ 9‬ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ‬

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 ‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ هﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي ﻣﺪرن اﻣﺮوزي‬FMS •

: ‫در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺗﻨﮕﺎﺗﻨﮓ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
• Numerically Control (NC)
• Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
• Automatic Guided Vehicle Systems (AGVS)
• Just In Time (JIT)
• Group Technology (GT)
• ...

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 FMS ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬9

‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ‬9
NC ‫ ﻭ‬CNC ‫ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‬9
‫ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬9
‫ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬9

Flexible Manufacturing System

Computer
control
room
Tools

Conveyor

Machine Machine

Pallet

Load Unload

Terminal Finished
Parts
goods
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 ‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﻭ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ‪FMS‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫‪ NC‬ﻳﺎ ‪ CNC‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺰﺀ ﺑﻪ ‪ FMS‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ‪FMS‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺪ ) ‪( Head Changers‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺪ )‪( Head Indexers‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﺯﻛﺎﺭﻱ ) ‪( Milling Modules‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺗﺮﺍﺷﻲ ) ‪( Turning modules‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻭﺭﻕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻮﺭﺟﻴﻨﮓ ) ‪( Forging Stations‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻜﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ CNC‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻭ‬

‫ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ‪ ، CNC‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ‪ DNC‬ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

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 Basic Components of an NC System

Program

Machine
control unit
Processing equipment

Tape Computer-
Reader NC Microcomputer hardware
for Program (software interface
initial program storage functions) and
entry servo system

General configuration of a direct numerical control (CNC)

system

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 ‫‪Bulk‬‬
‫‪Central‬‬
‫‪Memory‬‬
‫‪Telecommunication‬‬ ‫‪computer‬‬
‫‪NC programs‬‬
‫‪lines‬‬

‫‪Machine‬‬
‫‪tools‬‬

‫)‪General configuration of a direct numerical control (DNC‬‬

‫‪Head Changers‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺷﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻳﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ‪ Drum‬ﻳﺎ ‪ rack‬ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺮﺥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Head Indexers‬‬

‫• ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﻫﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻫﺪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍ ﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ‪ Indexing‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪،‬‬

‫ﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Robot and Its Standard Movements‬‬

‫‪Robot and Its Standard Movements‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﮊﻳﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺎ ﻱ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ )‪ ( AGV‬ﻭ ﻧﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﻴﺎ ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ‪: FMS‬‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻂ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻂ )‪( ,„/P„L‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ).‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ١-٢‬ﺍﻟﻒ(‬

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 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻂ )‪( In-Line‬‬

‫• ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺎﺗﻞ ) ‪( Shuttle‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ ﺩﻫﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ ) .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ۱-۲‬ﺏ(‬

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 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ) ‪( Loop‬‬

‫• ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺻﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻧﻲ ) ‪( Ladder‬‬

‫• ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ‬

‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ )‪:( Open – Field‬‬

‫• ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺮﺩﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪ -‬ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻱ ) ‪:( Robot – Centered Cell‬‬

‫• ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﻞ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﻭﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻳﺮﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺗﺮﺍﻓﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻴﺘﻮﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ‪.‬‬

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 FMS

Flexible Manufacturing System

Computer
control
room
Tools

Conveyor

Machine Machine

Pallet

Load Unload

Terminal Finished
Parts
goods
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 ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ) ‪( Dedicated FMS‬‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ) ‪( Random-Order FMS‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ) ‪( Dedicated FMS‬‬

‫• ‪ FMS‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ FMS‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ) ‪( Random-Order FMS‬‬

‫ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫• ‪FMS‬ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪FMS‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ‪ FMS‬ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﺮﻭ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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www.Shirouyehzad.com
Degree of Number of Parts Average Quantity
flexibility/ Type in Family Per Batch
of System
Low ۱ to ۲ ۷،۰۰۰ and up
Transfer Line
Medium
Dedicated Flexible ۳ to ۱۰ ۱،۰۰۰ to ۱۰،۰۰۰
Manufacturing
System (FMS)
Sequential or ۴ to ۵۰ ۵۰ to ۲،۰۰۰
Random FMS
Manufacturing Cell ۳۰ to ۵۰۰ ۳۰ to ۵۰۰

High ۲۰۰ and up ۱ to ۵۰

Stand-alone NC or
Machining Center

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
FMS

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 ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪: FMS‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻳﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬

‫)‪Single Flexible Machine ( SFM‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫)‪Flexible Manufacturing Cell (FMC‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫)‪Multi-Machine Flexible Manufacturing System (MMFMS‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫)‪Multi-Machine Flexible Manufacturing Cell (MCFMS‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬

‫• ‪ FMC‬ﻭ ‪ FMS‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬
‫)‪ (FMC‬ﻭ ‪ FMS‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺩﺭ ‪FMS‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﺒﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬

‫‪Flexible Manufacturing Systems‬‬ ‫‪٥١‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪9‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪FMS‬‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ‪ FMS‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﺒﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﻭ ‪...‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻱ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻱ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ) ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﭘﺎﻟﺖ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ(‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ‬

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 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﺒﻨﺪﻱ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﺒﻨﺪﻱ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺳﺮﻭﻳﺲ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻱ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ‪FMS‬‬

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 ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻨﺪﻳﻬﺎﻱ ‪FMS‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫‪Flexible Manufacturing Systems‬‬ ‫‪٥٧‬‬

‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ‪ ۵‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ‪ ۱۰‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ‪ ۱۰‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ‪FMS‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺲ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺍﭘﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮﻱ‬

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 ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬

‫‪Flexible Manufacturing Systems‬‬ ‫‪٥٩‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ‪FMS‬‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻴﺖ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ‪ %٣٠‬ﻭﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫‪ FMS‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ %٨٥‬ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ ٣‬ﺷﻴﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ FMS‬ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺍﺳﺖ‬

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 ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ‪FMS‬‬
‫‪ 9‬ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺗﺎ ‪ %٣٠‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ‪ WIP‬ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺁﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ‪FMS‬‬

‫• ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ FMS‬ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ‪ %٨٠‬ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ %٥٠‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫• ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ )‪( WIP‬‬

‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ‪FMS‬‬

‫• ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ‪ WIP‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪ FMS‬ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻱ ‪FMS‬‬

‫• ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ FMS‬ﻭ ﺍﺗﻜﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫دﺷﻮارﻳﻬﺎي ‪FMS‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪ 9‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﻴﺮ ﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﻓﺮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ‪ FMS‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻲ‪،‬ﺳﻴﺪ زهﺮا‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ‪ ”،‬روﺷﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺑﺎرﮔﺬاري و ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ اﻧﻌﻄﺎف ﭘﺬﻳﺮ ‪(١٣٨٠)، “ FMS‬‬
‫ﺣﺎج ﺷﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪي‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ “ اﺻﻮل ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي و آﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و ﻣﻮﺟﻮدﻳﻬﺎ”‪(١٣٨٢)،‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺁرﻳﺎﻧﮋاد‪،‬ﻣﻴﺮﺑﻬﺎدرﻗﻠﻲ“ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ هﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪي”‪(١٣٨٢)،‬‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎي اﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫•‬
‫)‪• Gutierrez-Miravete, “Flexible Manufacturing System”,(٢٠٠٣‬‬
‫)‪• Chapter١۶, “Flexible Manufacturing System”,(٢٠٠١‬‬

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