Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻳﻌﻘﻮب ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬.‫د‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻹﻣﺎرات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
M b 00971-50-5438788
Mob: 00971 50 5438788
URL:http://faculty.uaeu.ac.ae/myagoub
 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
‫ﻮﻳ‬
‫• ﺕﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫• ﻡﺮاﺡﻞ ﺕﻄﻮر ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫• ﻡﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫• ﻡﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫• ﺧﻄﻮات ﺕﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻡﺸﺮوع ﻧﻈﻢ ﻡﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت ﺝﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟ ﻐ اﻓ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟ ﻠ ﺎت‬
‫ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻧﻈ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺕﻄ ﻘﺎت‬
‫أﻡﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠ‬
‫• أ ﺜﻠﺔ‬
‫– اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ واﻟﺪﺧﻞ(‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺘ ﻧﺖ‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﻋﻠ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻰ ‪-‬اﻟﺨ اﺋﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎع اﻟ ﺪﻧ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ واﻟﺪﻓﺎع‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺸ ﻃﺔ‬
‫– ﻟ ﻠ ﺎت‬
 ‫ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻡﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‪,‬‬
‫ﻹدﺧﺎل‪ ,‬ﺎﻟ ﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﻹ ﺧﺎل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢ أأو ﻧﻈﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻠ‬
‫ﺎ ة‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت‬
‫ﺮاج ا ﻮ‬
‫وإﺧﺮاج‬
‫ﺮض‪ ,‬وإ‬
‫ﺕﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪,‬ﻋﺮض‬
‫اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ و اﻟﻮ ﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬
 ‫ﻣﺮاﺡﻞ ﺕﻄﻮر ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻰ ﻳﺪ ‪g Tomlinson‬‬
‫‪Roger‬‬ ‫ﻲ آﻨﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫• ‪ : 1964‬ﺏﺪأت ﻓﻲ‬
‫• اﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎت واﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﻴﺎت‪ :‬زاد ﻋﺪد اﻟﺸﺮآﺎت واﻟﺒﺮﻡﺠﻴﺎت‬
‫• اﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎت ‪ :‬اﻧﺨﻔﺎض أﺱﻌﺎر أﺝﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺎﺱﺐ واﻟﺒﺮﻡﺠﻴﺎت‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻧﺘ ﻧﺖ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﻋﻠ‬
‫ﺘﻌﺪدة واﻟﺨ اﺋﻂ‬
‫ﺎﺋﻂ اﻟاﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬
‫اﻟﻮﺱﺎﺋﻂ‬
‫اﺱﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻮ‬
‫• أﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ا ﺘﺨﺪا‬
‫اﺱﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺏﻔﻀﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻦ‬
‫م‬ ‫• اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻘﺎدﻡﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮظ ﻓﻲ أﺝﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺎﺱﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻳﺪوﻳﺎ‪ ,‬اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪,‬‬
‫اﻟﻼﺱﻠﻜﻲ‬
‫ﺎل اﻟﻼ ﻠﻜ‬
‫واﻻﺕﺼﺎل‬
‫اﻻﺕ‬
 ‫ﻡﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮة ﺒ ﺮﻳ‬
‫ﻮ‬ ‫أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻰ‬
‫‪People‬‬ ‫‪Hardware‬‬
‫ﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎ هﺞ‬
‫‪GIS‬‬
‫ا ﺒﺮا ﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫‪Software‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫‪Data‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﺻﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫أﻗﻤﺎر ﻨﺎ ﺔ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮر أﻗ ﺎ‬
‫أﺡﺮف وأرﻗﺎم‬

‫ﺧﺮاﺋﻂ‬

‫ﺻﻮرة‬
‫ﻮر‬
‫ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻃﺮق اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠ‬

‫• اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺔ اﻷرﺽﻴﺔ‬
‫• اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺠﻮى‬
‫• اﻻﺱﺘﺸﻌﺎر ﻋﻦ ﺏﻌﺪ‬
‫• اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫)‪Global Positioning System (GPS‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺔ اﻷرﺽﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻻﺕﺠﺎهﺎت‬
‫س اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت و ﺠ‬
‫ﺏﻘﻴﺎس‬
‫اﻷرﺽﻴﺔ ﺏ ﻴ‬
‫ﺕﻬﺘﻢﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺔ ر ﻴ‬
‫• ﻬ‬
‫)اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ( و ﻗﻴﺎس اﻻرﺕﻔﺎع )اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺱﻴﺐ(‬
 ‫اﻧﻮاع اﻷﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Communication‬‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺕﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫•‬

‫‪Meteorology‬‬ ‫ﻟﺪراﺱﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪GPS‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻷرض ‪Land Observation‬‬ ‫•‬
 ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ ‪GPS‬‬

‫ƒ اﻻﻗ ﺎ‬
‫اﻻﻗﻤﺎر اﻟ ﻨﺎ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ƒ‪ 27‬ﻗﻤﺮا‬
‫ƒ ا ﻔﺎ‬
‫ارﺕﻔﺎع ‪ 20000‬آﻢ‬
‫ƒ زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﻼن ‪ 55‬درﺟﺔ‬
‫ƒ ﻟاﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫م‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ƒ‬

‫أﻗﻤﺎر أﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪GPS‬‬

‫‪ GLONASS‬أﻗﻤﺎر روﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫أﻗﻤﺎر اورﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪Galileo‬‬
 ‫ﺕﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻳﻌﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮة‬
‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻊﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻢ‬
‫)‪ (Remote Sensing‬ﻭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ‪Global Position‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﺭﹰﺍ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻴﹰﺎ ﻣﻦﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﳉ ﺮ ﻴ‬
‫)‪ System (GPS‬ﺃﻋﻄﻰﻰ ﺒﻴ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ ﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت واﻟﺴﻴﺎرات واﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬
GPS Satellites
GPS Satellites
GPS Satellites GPS Satellites

GSMNetwork GSMNetwork

Network
Communication Hub

Communication
GSM Network
eXactNet Gateway

Client
Network

Communication
Custom Application Gateway
W b Interface
Web I t f
Thin Client
 ‫ﺝﻤﻊﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت‬
‫• ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫•اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
‫•اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‪-‬اﻟﺤﺪاﺛﺔ‬
‫•اﻟﺘﻌﺎون ‪ -‬اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎرآﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫واﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺎل اﻟ‬
‫ﺕﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟاﻟﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﺮار = ﻓ‬ ‫‪ 9‬ﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺕﻔﺎدى اﻟ ا‬
 ‫ﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻡﺞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏﺔ‪,‬‬
‫ﻮﺏ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬
‫ﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻬﺪف‪ ,‬ﻮ ﻴ‬
‫ﺞ‪ :‬ﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮاﻡﺞ‬
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻴر‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻡﻘﺪرات اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻡﺞ‪ ,‬اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪ ,‬ﺱﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺕﻌﻠﻤﻪ وﻓﻬﻤﻪ‪ ,‬واﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻡﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻡﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮآﺔﺔ ﻟ ﺔ‬‫ﻟﺸ‬
‫‪ArcView,ArcGIS,‬‬
‫‪ArcView‬‬ ‫‪ArcGIS‬‬ ‫• أآﺜﺮ اﻟﺒﺮاﻡﺞ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرا هﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪MapInfo, Geomedia, IDRISI, ERDAS‬‬
‫• أﻡﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺮاﻡﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺕﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻹدارة اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﻮ ﺻﻔﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪O l Informix,‬‬
‫‪Oracle,‬‬ ‫‪I f‬‬ ‫‪i MS SQL, Sybase‬‬ ‫‪S b‬‬
 ‫أﺝﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺎﺱﺐ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻔﻆ‬

 ‫أﺝﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﺎﺱﺐ‬

‫أﺟﻬﺰة إدﺧﺎل‪ ,‬ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ‪ ,‬ﺕﺨﺰﻳﻦ ‪,‬إﺧﺮاج‪ ,‬وﺵﺒﻜﺎت‬

 ‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬
‫• اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻴﻢ‬
‫• اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ‬
‫• اﻟﻤﻴﺰاﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫• اﻹ ا ة‬
‫اﻹدارة‬
‫• اﻷﻣﻦ‬
‫• اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫ﻮن‬

‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻟاﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت ﻟ ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻠﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮة ﻟ ﺸ ﺔ‬
‫ﺕﻀﻢ ﻟﻘ ة‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻲ واﻹﺡﺼﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻡﻨﺎهﺞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫اﺝﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻮاﻡﻞﻞ ﺝ ﻴ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫أﺡﻴﺎء‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺕﺤﺘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ هﻮ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪامم أرض‬
‫رض‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ اﻟﺬي‬
‫ي‬
‫ﻳﺪوﻧﻪ ﻻ ﺡﻴﺎة وﻻ ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬
‫ﺑﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ اﻟ ﻨﻘ ﺔ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻨﻘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬

‫ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﺕﻤﻜﻦ‬

‫ﻡﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮة اﻟﺸﻤﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍ ﺠ ﺭﺍ ﻴ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍ ﻭ‬‫ﻲ ﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍ ﺒ‬
‫ﻬﺠﻴ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬
‫ﲢﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻜ‬

‫ﲨﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
 GIS ffunctions
ti
Data acquisition/Input (spatial and non-spatial) •
D t processing
Data i (manipulation ,data management) •
Data analysis (Spatial & statistical analysis) •
Data storage
g ((Store data more efficiently)
y) •
Data output (Maps, graphs, tables, reports) •
 Soil Types
yp

Crop Productivity
(bushels/acre)

Combined Layers

Data analysis
When : Databetwen
data coundaries layerslayers
can be joined
don’t to create
match, new
the layers canlayers
be joined,
creating a new
containing thelayer containing the
characteristic characteristics of both
of both
‫ﺝﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻡﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت ﺝ ﺮ ﻴ‬
‫ﺮوع ﻧﻈﻢﻢ ﻮ‬
‫ﺕﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻡﺸﺮوع‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات ﻴ‬
‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺕﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷهﺪاف‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫وى وواﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪوى‬
‫دراﺱﺔ ﺠ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻟﻠﺪراﺱﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺡﺎت ﻡﻦ اﻟﺸﺮآﺎت‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﻧأﻧﺴﺐ اﻟ ﻘﺘ ﺡﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺡﺎت‬ ‫•‬
‫وﺽﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺱﺴﺔ )ﻡﺮآﺰي(‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫داﺧﻞ اﻟ‬
‫أآﺜﺮ ﻡﻦ ﻗﻗﺴﻢ اﺧﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أ ﺜ‬
‫ﻳﺨﺪم اﻟ ﺸ‬
‫رﺏﻤﺎﺎ ﺨ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﻡﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت ﺝﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻡﺮآﺰﻳﺔ ‪ -‬ﻡﺜﺎل‬

‫ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬

‫ح‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ ‫أ‬

‫آﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻃﻮارئ‬ ‫ﺽﺮاﺋﺐ‬ ‫أراﺽﻰ‬ ‫ﺡﻮادث‬

‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺮآﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫وﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺏﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬ ‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫واﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫اﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪم ج ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪمم ب‬
‫م‬
 ‫ﻧﻈﻢ ﻡﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت ﺝﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻮادث‪ -‬ﻡﺜﺎل‬
‫ﺕﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺕﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫اﺳﻢﻢ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊﻊ اﻟﺤﺎدث‬
‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻮن‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫اﻟ ﻗ‬ ‫راﺑﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫دوار اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫‪2233445‬‬ ‫‪1234567‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪7880‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ‫دوار‬
‫‪1112224‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪8122‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺕﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺎدث‬
‫ﺻﻮر‪-‬ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻝﻤﻮﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد اﻝﻤﺼﺎﺏﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻝﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫اﻝﺘﺎرﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺐ‪-‬ﻝ ﺎ ث‬
‫ﻝﺤﺎدث‬
‫راﺑﻂ‬
‫رﺑ‬
‫اﻝﺴﻴﺎرات‬
‫ﻋﻄﻞ ﻓﻰ اﻝﺴﻴﺎرة‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﻣﺴﺎء‬ ‫‪1999-6-12‬‬
‫رﻗﻢ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪7880 8122‬‬
‫‪2344‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪ 5‬ﺻﺒﺎﺡﺎ‬ ‫‪2000-8-26‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰات ﻈ‬

‫ﺕﺨﺰﻳﻦ آﻢ هﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺵﻜﻞ ﺟﺪاول‬

‫اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪاولل و اﻟﺨ ﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟ ﺪا‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻦ‬‫ﻣﺒﺎﺵﺮ ﺎ‬
‫ارﺕﺒﺎط ﺎﺵ‬
‫ا ﺕ ﺎط‬
‫اﻟﺪﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕﻌﺪد وﺕﻨﻮع اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ ﻧﻈﻢﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ج )آﻔﺎءة(‬
‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬
‫ﻦ ﻹ‬‫ﻴﺾ ززﻡﻦ‬
‫ﺕﺨﻔﻴﺾ‬ ‫•‬
‫)اﻟﺠﻮدة(‬ ‫ﺕﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﺨﻔﻴﺾ اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﺔ =‬
‫ﺾ اﻟ ﺎﻟﺔ‬‫ﺕﺨﻔﻴﺾ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎج ‪ +‬ﺕﺨﻔ‬
‫ﻦ اﻹﻧﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺕﺨﻔﻴﺾ ززﻡﻦ‬
‫ﺕﺨﻔ ﺾ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺕﺨﻔﻴﺾ اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻴﺾ‬
‫ﺕﻤﻜﻦ ﻡﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮة اﻟﺸﻤﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻗﻗﺪ ﺕﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻗﺎﻡﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ ﻗ ﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻮادرر ﺒ ﺮﻳ‬
‫ﺕﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻮ‬
‫ﻲ ﺵﻜﻞﻞ ﻴ‬
‫ﻮن اﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫• ﻗﺪ ﻳﻳﻜﻮن‬
United Nation, 1997.Geographic Information Systems for Power
Planning New York: United Nation Publication
Planning. Publication.
 ‫أﻡﺜﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‪ :‬ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺡﻀﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎس )اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت‪ ,‬اﻻﺕﺠﺎهﺎت‪,‬اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺡﺎت‪,‬اﻟﺤﺠﻢ(‬ ‫•‬

‫)ﺕﻐﻴﺮ ﻡﺪﻳﻨﺔ أﺏﻮ ﻇﺒﻰ ﻡﻨﺬ ﻋﺎم ‪(1980‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن(‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻄﻲ )ﺕ ز‬
‫ﺕﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟ ﻜﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻨ ﻄ‬
‫اﻟﺘ ز‬ ‫•‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ )اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺏﻴﻦ ﻡﻮﻗﻊﻊ اﻟﺠﺮﻳﻤﺔ واﻟﺪﺧﻞ(‬ ‫•‬
‫• أﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻄﺮق )أﻧﺴﺐ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺏﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ(‬
‫ﺱﻜﺎن‬
‫زاد ﻋﺪد ﻜﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺼﻞ إذا زا‬
‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻡﺎذا‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮهﺎت ) ﺎذا‬
‫• اﻟ ﻨﺎ هﺎت‬
‫ﻦ‪ 900000‬ﻧﺴﻤﺔ(‬ ‫ﺒﻰ ﻋﻦ‬
‫أﺏﻮﻇﺒﻰ‬
‫ﻡﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺏﻮ‬
‫ﻳ‬
 ‫دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺎن ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬

‫‪Density Model‬‬ ‫‪3D‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ ﻳ‬‫ﻴﻦ ﻰ‬
‫واﻟﻤﻘﻴﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻴﻦ و ﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻃﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻮزﻳﻊ ﻮ‬
‫ﺕﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫آﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺕﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﺒﺘﺮول ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬
‫دراﺳﺔ اﻹﺑﻞ‬
 ‫ﻧﻄﺎق ﺡﻮل اﻟﻄﺮق‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻹﺑﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻄﺎق ﺡﻮل ﻣﻴﺎدﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺒﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻬﺠﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮهﺎت‪ :‬اﻓﺘﺮاﺽﺎت ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ :‬ﺡﺎﻻت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﻴﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2000‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻰ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺕﻤﺜﻞ ﻋﺎﺋﻖ ﻟﺤﺮآﺔ اﻟﻄﻴﺮان‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮآﺔ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ واﻟﺪﻓﺎع اﻟﻤﺪﻧ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ :‬اﻟﺠﺮاﺋﻢ داﺧﻞ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻡﺤﺪد‬
‫ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ﺎ ﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟ ﻐ ﺍﻓ ﺔ‬
‫ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟ ﻠ ﺎ‬
‫ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻨﻅ‬
‫ﺘﻁ ﻘﺎ‬

‫ƒ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ƒ اﻟﻬﺎﺕﻒ ﺛﻼﺛ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬
‫ƒ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻮآﻴﺎ‬
‫ƒ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺡﻲ‬
‫ƒ اﻟﺨﺮﻳﻄﺔ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
 ‫ﻟﻀﺒﺎط‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﺽﺮة ﺒ‬
‫ﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت و ﺠ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎون ﺑﻴﻦ ﺆ‬
‫ون‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ ﺡﻮل ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ‪ -‬أﺑﻮﻇﺒﻰ ‪ -‬أﺑﺮﻳﻞ‬
‫‪2004‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺕﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺕﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻳﺤﺪهﺎ‬

‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺧﻴﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬