VALVES

INTRODUCTION

Are components in a fluid power or

pressure system that either
regulate the flow or the pressure of
the fluid.
This duty may involve starting or
stopping flow, controlling flow rate,
diverting flow, preventing backflow,
controlling pressure, or relieving
pressure.

PRINCIPAL TYPES OF VALVES

ACCORDING TO FLOW
REGULATION

VALVE COMPONENTS

IDENTIFICATION OF VALVE

MSS SP-86
NPS: Nominal pipe size (inch)
CLASS: Pressure class (psi)
DN: NOMINAL DIAMETER (mm)
PN: PRESSURE NOMINAL (bar)

VALVE SEATINGS

Are the portions of the seat and

closure member that contact each
other for closure.
Metal seatings
Sealing with sealants
Soft seatings

SOFT SEATINGS

One or both seating faces may

consist of soft material such as
plastic or rubber.
Very effective sealing
Limited use at high temperatures
and pressures
Compatibility with the fluid.
High pressure gas sudden shut off
limitations.

GASKETS

Flat metallic gaskets, adapt the

irregularities of flange face by
elastic and plastic deformation.
Spiral wound gaskets
V-shaped metal strip that is spirally
wound on edge, and a soft filler
inlay between the lamination.
Exfoliated graphite
High impermeability to gases and
liquids

Valve stem seals

METAL SEATINGS

Resistance to erosion, corrosion,

and abrasion.
Wear particle size effect
AISI 410 STELLITE has proved
most successful for harsh
conditions.
API 600 lists eating materials and
their combinations frequently used
in steel valves.

STEM SEALS TYPES

COMPRESSION PACKINGS
Soft material that is stuffed into the
stuffing box and compressed by a
gland to form a seal.
LIP-TYPE PACKINGS
SQUEEZE-TYPE PACKINGS
THRUST PACKINGS

Globe Valves
Construction Features

Globe valves

Closing down valves

Closure member is moved squarely
on and off the seat
Seat opening varies in direct
proportion to disc travel.
Ideally suited for duties involving
flow rate control.
May be used for on-off duty
provided the tortuous flow passage
resistance is acccptable.

Valve body patterns

Standard pattern, highest flow

resistance
Angle pattern, reduced flow
resistance, saves a pipe elbow.
Oblique pattern, minimum flow
resistance

Standard pattern

Globe valve, standard pattern,

union bonnet, internal screw, plug
disc

Gate Valves
Flat

Gate

Wedge

Gate

PARALLEL GATE VALVES

CONVENTIONAL

CONDUIT

FEATURES

Slide valves with a parallel-faced

gate-like closure member
May consist of a single disc or twin
discs
Low flow resistance
Capable of handling fluids carrying
solids in suspension.
Satisfactory flow control is only
viable between 50% closed and
fully open position.

FEATURES-2

In case of twin disc, a spreading

mechanism provides a
supplementary force that presses
the discs against the seat.
Seatings are self aligning
Seat seals is not impaired by
thermal movements of the valve
body

CONDUIT GATE VALVES

Full bore valves

Floating seats are forced against
disc with fluid pressureDisc seals
the valve body cavity against the
ingress of solids in both the open
and closed positions.
May therefore be used in pipelines
that have to be scraped.

X-MASS TREE
NOMINCLATURE

Ball Valves

Design Features

A species of plug valves having a

ball-shaped closure member.
Seating stress is circumferentially
uniform.
Reduced bore valves are more
common, due to economic motives,
with flow passage venturi shaped of
about the nominal valve size.
Full bore is required for certain
applications, as for example ,when
the pipeline has to be scraped.

Construction

Floating ball

trunnion mounted Ball

Floating seat
Split body
Top entry

Seat Material

Most important seat material is

PTFE, but limited for application
compatible with its chemical,
temperature and pressure
characteristics.
Metal and ceramic seatings are used
when elastomeres are unsuitable for
service

Antistatic device

Ball valves for fire exposure

Emergency seat seal is provided by

a sharp-edged or chamfered
secondary metal seal in close
proximity to the ball.
Packing may be made entirely of
pure graphite.
Three basic standards applies to
such requirement API 607, API RP
6F, BS 5146.

Flexible valves

Flexible body

Diaphragm type

Check Valves

General

Prime function is to protect mechanical

equipment in a piping system by
preventing reversal of flow.
Operated automatically by flow reversal.
Open automatically by forward flow and
close against reverse flow.
May be required to maintain prime after the
pump has stopped.

Grouping of check valve

Lift. The closure member travels in the

direction normal to the plane of the seat.
Swing. The closure member swings about a
hinge, which is mounted outside the seat.
Tilting. The closure member tilts about a
hinge, which is mounted near, but above,
the center of the seat.
Diaphragm. The closure member consists of
a diaphragm, which defelects from or
against the seat.

Lift Check valve

Pressure Relief Valve

Direct Acting

Indirect Acting

Calibration