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1 a
Dependent variable is frequency;
independent variable is volume
[1]
b Temperature (or air pressure)
[1]
c Loudspeaker connected to signal generator
or tuning forks of different frequencies
[1]
d Connect to a microphone and oscilloscope.
Measure T, the time for one wave on x-axis
and f = T1
[1]
e Fill with water and tip water into measuring
cylinder[1]
f Add water
[1]
g Not too loud or use ear plugs
[1]
2 a
Dependent variable is terminal velocity;
independent variable is bubble volume or
radius[1]
b Temperature / mass of air in bubble /
atmospheric pressure
[1]
c Place marks on side of glass tube in which
bubble rises and time bubble between the
marks[1]
d Squirt air from a small glass tube under water
and change the radius of the tube
[1]
3 a
Dependent variable is count rate;
independent variable is distance
[1]
b Amount of radioactive material /
atmospheric pressure / long half-life
[1]
c Wrap source in a few millimetres of
aluminium and subtract background count
[2]
d Diagram of source and GM tube, with GM
tube connected to counter
[1]
Record change in reading on counter and
divide count by time
[1]
e Record for as long as possible (but much less
than half-life)
[1]
f The source is quite large and it is difficult to
know which part to measure to / difficult to
put a ruler over the distance
[1]
Put a fiducial mark on the bench on the
outside of the source to mark its middle [1]
4 a
Dependent variable is volume / radius /
diameter; independent variable is
atmospheric pressure
[1]
b Temperature / type of balloon
[1]
c Bell jar or container to hold balloon
[1]
Means to change pressure e.g. vacuum
pump[1]
d Turn on vacuum pump
[1]
Pressure gauge shown or manometer
(pressure may be measured in cm of liquid)
[1]
e Wear goggles / stand behind safety screen (as
bell jar may implode)
[1]
5 a
6.00.7
b 1.50.2
c 9.01.2 or 91
d 1.00.3
e 5.01.6 or 52
f 1.730.06
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
a dependent variable E[1]
independent variable v[1]
constant current in coil
[1]
b labelled diagram with magnet falling
vertically through coil
[1]
voltmeter or c.r.o. connected to coil
[1]
method to change speed of magnet
[1]
measurements to find v, distance or time
measurements[1]
determining v, e.g. v = 2gh or v= 2h
t [1]
c plot graph of E against v or graph of lnE
against lnv[1]
valid ifstraight line through originor gradient
of log graph = +1
[1]
d keep away from falling magnet / use sand
tray to catch magnet
[1]
e any [4] points from:
detailed measurement of maximum E, use of
datalogger / storage oscilloscope
[1]
use video including playback frame by frame
[1]
use short magnet or thin coil so v is constant
[1]
cardboard tube for magnet to fall down [1]
how to support coil or tube vertically
[1]
repeat for each v and average
[1]
a dependent variable VS[1]
independent variable f[1]
constant number of turns / input current /
voltage to coil
[1]
b labelled diagram with a.c. generator
[1]
voltmeter connected to output
[1]
c.r.o. or frequency meter connected
[1]
measurement of time for one or more wave
on c.r.o. screen used to find f[1]
method of measuring VS; method of changing
frequency[1]
c plot graph of VS against f or graph of lnVS
against lnf[1]
2
a gradient = 4
g [1]
b i
T/s
T /s
1.11
1.230.02
1.28
1.640.03
1.42
2.020.03
1.59
2.530.03
1.69
2.860.04
1.81
3.280.04
[2]
a gradient n; y-intercept lgk
b lg(T / K)
lg(R / W)
[2]
2.436
2.7400.008
2.452
2.6810.009
2.467
2.6250.010
2.481
2.5680.012
2.496
2.5190.014 [2]
Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014