Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Date
V1.00
2008-03-18
Author
Approved By
Remarks
Not open to the Third Party
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.2
2.3
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
QoS ............................................................................................................................ 16
General description.................................................................................................... 16
GPON QoS ................................................................................................................ 18
EPON QoS................................................................................................................. 19
6
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.4.3
6.4.4
II
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FIGURES
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25
TABLES
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
III
Why PON
The access-layer network is a fundamental platform for terminating and carrying out
various services. With the rapid development of the broadband access services in
the recent years, the demand for bandwidth of the access layer is on the on-going
rise. As an ideal transmission medium, fibre provides high-speed, high-bandwidth,
and multi-service transfer capabilities. Fibre access becomes one of the key
technologies of the Next-Generation Network (NGN).
Table 1
Item
2008~2010 Forecast
Bandwidth Requirement
(Downstream)
Bandwidth Requirement
(Upstream)
2010~2012 Forecast
HDTV48M
HDTV10~20M
SDTV24M
SDTV48M
Video Communication1~2M
Video Communication2~4M
WEB: 512K1M
WEB12M
Online Gaming1M
Online Gaming4M
WEB512K
WEB1M
Online Gaming300~800K
Online Gaming1~2M
IPTV50K
IPTV100K
Video Monitoring1M
Video Monitoring2M
10M~20M
2040M
4M
10M
The existing ADSL2+ limited by distance, bandwidth that cannot meet the
customer further service expectations, so higher bandwidth, lower investment,
and easy maintenance technology PON (passive optical network) are the most
suitable for access.
Document Title
FTTx network reduce the OpEX the most. FTTx is lower power consumption than
DSLAM, FTTx need smaller room than DSLAM. ODN network is passive, which will
largest reduce Operation, management and maintenance cost.
Advanced Features
Fiber access is one of the key technologies of Next Generation Network. FTTx has
advance Features as the following:
High bandwidth
Easy management
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2.1
Technology Comparison
2.1.1
2.1.2
Similar network topology, the network consists of OLT, ONU, ODN and NMS. EPON
and GPON support all FTTx solutions such as FTTH/FTTB/FTTC/FTTO
EPON and GPON all adopt asymmetric wavelength transmitting data, downlink
is1490nm; uplink is 1310nmalso support 1550nm for CATV.
Support Multi-play services such as Voice, Data, Video, multimedia and so on, fully
bear IPTV and CATV service.
Item
EPON
Standards and
Organization
IEEE,802.3ah
Mode
symmetric
GPON
Document Title
Bandwidth(Down/Up)
1.25Gbps/1.25Gbps
Code
8B/10B
NRZ
Splitter
TDM
CES
CES/Native
Encapsulation
Ethernet frame
GEM/ATM
OAM
Security
Stability
Evolution
2.2
Figure 1
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The above diagram shows the shipment of Q1 2008, EPON is the major FTTx
technology.
2.3
Cost comparison
The big difference of cost is MAC chip and Optic Modular. Because GPON is new
standard, there is not matured application and industry product chain. GPONs cost
still several times than that of EPON.
Basic cost
EPON based on Ethernet, the MAC layer of EPON simpler than GPON, the
cost of EPON is lower than GPON.
GPON performance index of fiber facility (Splitter, Optic modular) is higher than
EPON. GPON OLT is difficult interoperability between different vendors. GPON
ONU must adopt DFB, but EPON adopt FP, DFB is much higher than FP.
EPON based on ASIC and there are larger applications in the world. ASIC
technology is more mature than FGPA, so EPON has big price space and easy
to be mass production and reduce the cost.
Document Title
FTTx Solution
3.1
FTTH
In this mode, ZXA10 C220/C200 is placed in the central office, or in the equipment
room of the residential area, ZXA10 C220/C200 connects with the subscribers in
each house, apartment or building via splitter. In the case of high building, splitter is
placed outside of the building, hung on the wall or in outdoor cabinet. For multi-layer
residential building, one splitter can be shared by several residential building.
Generally splitter is placed in the middle of the buildings to save fiber.
Fiber is inter-connected in the connecting cabinet, and then enters into the room of
subscribers via pig-tail; ONT can be placed on the desk or mount-hanging. ONT
provides multi-services access such as POTS, IPTV, HSIA, CATV through VoIP,
FE/GE, WLAN and RF interfaces, etc.
The characteristic of this mode is that each apartment/house has its own private
ONT, splitter is shared by several subscribers, and bandwidth of each subscriber is
relative to the number of ONT.
Figure 2
Nowadays, there are many villas in each city, these users often need high
bandwidth and high QoS for service access, the features of GPON is just fit for
these customers requirements, fiber to the villa is a typical kind of FTTH application.
Broadband users in villa area are generally separated. OLT can be placed in the
equipment room of the area. To save optical cable resource, multi-level optical fiber
splitting is used. Hang the backbone cable on the cable pole overhead or lay them
underground with cell equipment room as the center. Install a level 1 optical fiber
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splitter at an interval to cover the users nearby. For users far away from the
backbone cable, install a level 2 optical fiber splitter to cover users around this area.
Since level 2 optical fiber splitting box and the users are separated, a multiplexer
with small optical splitter is used.
Figure 3
Each villa has its own private ONT; splitter is generally placed outside of the villa
and shared by several subscribers.
3.2
FTTB
For commercial building, there are several self-governed enterprises or companies
in each building, the bandwidth of each enterprise or company generally is very high.
In this case, ZXA10 C220/C200 can be placed in the basement or equipment room
of the building, splitter is placed in the low voltage room of each floor. Multi level
splitting can be used in this case.
Each enterprise or company has its own ONU/ONT, ONU/ONT connects to the
splitter which shared by several ONU/ONTs, with Hub or LAN switch for interfaces
expansion. There are two ways: MTU for PON+LAN and MDU for PON+DSL used
in this mode.
PON+LAN mode
Document Title
Figure 4
Figure 5
PON+DSL mode
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3.3
FTTO
For office application it is similar to that of FTTB, but the distance between
ONU/ONT and user is generally no more than 50 meters. Splitter can be placed in
the centre of the office or in the equipment room. In this case, SBU (Single
Business Unit) is used for few interfaces providing and MTU (Multi-Tenant Unit) are
used for more interfaces providing.
Figure 6
SBU/MTU should support E1 that connect with PBX which connect provide voice
service for business user. MTU can not only directly provide FE that connects with
PC, but also MTD/SBU can connect with LAN switch that provides multi FE
connecting with PC. In this mode OLT located at center office. OLT connect with
various service network such as IP network, VOIP network and PSTN/TDM network.
Document Title
4.1
VoIP Service
VoIP service provides voice service for subscriber. ZXA10 C220/C200 supports the
voice service in VoIP access mode. VoIP service can be realized by NGN network
and VoIP is carried by ZXC220/C200 and ONU. ZXA10 C220/C200 meets the
requirement of network evolution by integrating the NGN network with SS
architecture.
Figure 7
VoIP Service
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In this mode, ONU provide interface (xDSL or FE) which connect with IAD terminal.
OLT and ONU work as the VOIP carried function. IAD generates calling and
process calling. OLT and ONT provide the data channel of VOIP, but not process
the VOIP calling.
4.2
IPTV Service
ZXA10 C220/C200 supports high bandwidth video traffic and IP functions. IPTV
service implements multicast to provide TV channels. It enables fast channel
switching and reduces bandwidth requirements by distributing services to each
subscriber.
IPTV video stream does not require a constant bit rate. IPTV service flow is as the
followings:
1)
Subscribers generate PPPoE service request from STB (Set Top Box),
which is connected to FE/GE UNI (User Network Interface) of ONT.
2)
3)
4)
IPTV traffic flow can be set by the subscriber. It should be lower than VoIP
service and higher than Internet access traffic flow. EPON/GPON provides
very high bandwidth so there is no congestion.
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Document Title
Figure 8
Figure 9
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4.3
CATV Service
CATV service provides cable TV channels. The subscriber can access to cable TV
system through RF UNI of ONU. To access the CATV service, ONU with CATV
interface is required.
CATV service flow is as the followings:
1.
ONU provides the RF UNI for subscribers and ONT performs de-multiplexing.
2.
2)
3)
3.
The signals are sent through the fiber in wave division form.
4.
ONU receives the 1550 nm CATV signal and sends it to the cable TV system
after wave division.
4.4
Broadband Services
ZXA10 C220/C200 provides various broadband services. These services include
Internet surfing, downloading, online game, online learning, video conferencing,
remote education/medical treatment, etc.
The ONU/ONT supports data service access via LAN (FE/GE) or WLAN (WiFi)
interface. Subscriber is connected to ONU/ONT. ONU/ONT is connected to ZXA10
C220/C200 (OLT) which implements convergence and uplink to the broadband
WAN via GE interface. BAS performs subscribers authorization, service control,
user management and access control.
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Document Title
4.5
The ONU/ONT supports VPN broadband service access via LAN (FE/GE) or WLAN
(WiFi) interface. Subscriber is connected to ONU/ONT. ONU/ONT is connected to
ZXA10 C220/C200 (OLT) which implements convergence and uplink to the
broadband WAN via GE interface. BAS performs subscribers authorization, service
control, user management and access control.
BRAS support VPN function. ZXA10 C220/C200 (OLT) connects the end user by
VLAN/PPP to transmit the data to the BRAS which use the L2TP to establish the
tunnel for secure connection to use internal network resources.
4.6
TDM Service
ZXA10 C220/C200 provides TDM service to the subscribers. It is suitable for
subscribers who use TDM network instead of IP networks (such as SS and IMS).
TDM service is provided in network with SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy),
SONET and TDM systems. TDM service is supported in CES mode.
If there is PBX in the network, PBX uplinks to SBU/MTU, EPON/GPON OLT
transmits the E1 signal from SBU/MTU to PSTN/TDM network. ZXA10 C220/C200
supports 128E1 to connect with PSTN/TDM. SBU ZXA10 F621/F429 supports 4
E1 interfaces to connect with PBX,MTU ZXA10 F820 supports 16E1 interfaces to
connect with PBX. PBX is suitable for many commercial applications such as
enterprises, factories, office parks, commercial streets and buildings for E1
requirements.
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15
Document Title
QoS
5.1
General description
ZTE PON QoS solution adopt Diffserv Model. QoS specifications with Ethernet are
as the followings:
1. Support 802.1p with 8 class of service.
2. Provide eight queues in egress port with max/min bandwidth shaping.
3. Multiple queue scheduling support:
SP +Weight
4. SLAs based on classification including parameters like CIR, EIR and MBS.
5. Classification criteria:
Table 3
COS
value
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
16
Type
Service
Service description
Remark
NC
IC
VO
VI
CA
EE
BK
BE
Network Control
Internet Control
Voice(<10ms latency and jitter)
Video(<100ms latency and jitter)
Critical Application
Excellent Effort
background
Best Effort
Including TDM
VoIP
IPTV, video
HSIA
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OLT and ONU support 4/8 queues. Different service can be mapped into different
queue and schedule by SP, SP+WRR and WRR. The following table shows the
relationship of Service and queue.
Table 4
COS
value
7
Service
Service Description
NC
Network Control
IC
Internetwork control
VO
VI
BE
Voice< 10 ms
latency and jitter
Video< 100 ms
latency and jitter
Best Effort
Service
Remark
Including
TDM
Queue
Queue Remark
Queue Priority:
Queue 1> Queue 2 >
Queue 3> Queue 4
VoIP
IPTVVideo
HSIA
The package from ONU or OLT will be process as the following procedure.
1)
Input package was classified by MAC, IP, VLAN, Ethernet type, UDP/TCP.
2)
Traffic processing modular will detect the speed of stream, when the
speed exceeds the threshold, it will be rejected.
3)
COS process: Sometime the data from UNI/SNI with COS is not reliability,
COS process modular will check and transfer to reliability COS. According
to Port, VLAN ID, LLID, etc, it will generate a new COS. COS processing
will copy the internal (C-Tag ) CoS to external (S-TAG) CoS.
4)
5)
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Document Title
6)
5.2
GPON QoS
Beside the Ethernet QoS as above, ZTE GPON QoS specifications with GPON are as
the followings:
On OLT side
1) DBA is performed, which uses the bandwidth map to grant T-CONTs time slot
and guarantees the high priority T-CONT.
2) Traffic profile is given according to different service with different QoS
guarantee.
On ONT side
1) Multi T-CONTs are supported in ONT (up to 8 T-CONTs)
2) Five types of T-CONT are supported: 1-Fixed, 2-Assured, 3-Non-assured, 4best effort, 5-all
3) Mapping of T-CONT is based on UNI, 802.1p and VLAN
4) Support DBRu mode 0 based on ITU-T G.984.3
For the GPON, There are two types of total QoS in GPON application mode, which
are:
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Special low delay queues and user traffic unit are schedules using SP and
WRR
Support 512 user traffic unit per PON interfaces
Different service traffic is mapped to different queues in UNI
SP and WRR set the priorities of the queues in UNI interface and shape the
data through every UNI interface using PIR /SIR.
5.3
Classifying and
Forwarding
Schedule
Schedule
Schedule
Schedule
Classifying and
Forwarding
Schedule
3)
4)
5)
Schedule
2)
Qos
EPON QoS
ZTE EPON QoS specifications with EPON are as the followings:
On OLT side
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1)
2)
DBA is performed, the DBA will adjust the bandwidth of ONU dynamically,
Support bandwidth mode
Traffic with different priority, comes from SNI, will be classified by 802.1p
and mapped into the queue of traffic unit, which is given specific type with
different bandwidth to guarantee the service QoS
On ONT side
1)
2)
3)
For the GPON, There are two types of total QoS in GPON application mode, which
are:
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On OLT side: Traffic with different priority, comes from SNI, will be classified by
802.1p and mapped into the queue of traffic unit, which is given specific type with
different bandwidth to guarantee the service QoS. The traffic in different priority
queue will be scheduled by SP, WRR, SP+WRR.
On ONU side: Traffic out of EPON Mac will be mapped to specific queue according
to the 802.1p, then be scheduled and shaped to different SNI ports. The detail QoS
procedure of downlink shown as the following.
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6.1
6.1.1
OLT Deployment
OLTs can be deployed in equipment rooms in offices or residential community
access equipment rooms
If OLTs are deployed in equipment rooms in offices, equipment maintenance is
much convenient, but because a large number of optical fibers are deployed from
the office to residential communities where fibers are distributed, the costs of fibers
are rather high and there is a lot of construction work.
If OLTs are deployed in residential community access equipment rooms where a
multitude of user optical interfaces are provided, they are nearer to users. Because
a large number of optical fibers from the office to residential communities are not
necessary, fiber and construction costs are saved.
6.1.2
ONU Deployment
Deployment of ONUs is divided into FTTH, FTTC, FTTB, FTTO, FTTCab, etc.
If terminals on ONU side are deployed outdoors, installation positions, damage
prevention, power supply, and other problems need to be taken into consideration;
on the other hand, the construction and maintenance work is huge.
If terminals on ONU side are deployed indoors, installation and maintenance are
very simple, and various services can be offered to users conveniently. Thus it is
the trend of development in future.
6.1.3
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services for nearby floors. If users are relatively decentralized, such as in a villa
neighborhood, splitters can be deployed in outdoor cabinets as well.
As the above diagram, there are 4 situations for the splitter deployment, which are
splitter in Center office, Splitter installing in residential equipment room, splitter
installing building corridor, splitter installing greened region between building and
residential equipment room.
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Document Title
6.2
From this diagram, ODN consists of five Optical fiber subsystem. They are jumper
fiber subsystem system, Trunk Fiber subsystem, distribution Fiber system and
Outdoor Fiber subsystem and indoor fiber subsystem.
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6.3
MDU
The trunk fiber is armored fiber. Fiber Wiring box and splitter are install in the same
cabinet which located in residential equipment room or outdoor cabinet near to a
building. For FTTB, it often adopts one level splitter centralized. MTU/MDU is
installed in weak electric well of building.
6.4
Typical application
6.4.1
Commercial Zone
Users in commercial area are more concentrated. It is recommended that OLT be placed
in the access equipment room. A fiber splitter is installed in each layer or 2~3 adjacent
layers. An optical splitter is installed in the fiber splitting box (It is general 1: 32) for
Level 1 Optical Splitter. If users in one layer are more than 32, a separate level 1
splitter may be installed. If users in one layer are less than 32, multiple layers can share
one level 1 fiber splitting box.
Backbone optical fiber is laid in the fiber splitter via weak electric well by OLT. Its
minimum fiber core capacity is determined by the total number of final users in the
building and optical splitting ratio of optical splitter. Optical fiber splitter is directly
connected to the user via user optical fiber, or for the convenience, to level 2 fiber
splitting box, then to the user. At this time, level 2 fiber splitter is only used as splicing
wire distribution convergence point, not optical splitting point.
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Document Title
Backbone
optical cable
User
Level 2 wire
distribution box
Level 1 wire
distribution box
Access equipment
room
OLT
User
ODF rack
Weak
electric well
6.4.2
Villa Area
Broadband users in villa area are generally separated. OLT can be placed in the
machine room of the cell. To save optical cable resource, multi-level optical fiber splitting
is used. Hang the backbone cable on the cable pole overhead or lay them
underground with cell machine room as the center. Install a level 1 optical fiber splitter at
an interval to cover the users nearby. For users far away from the backbone cable,
install a level 2 optical fiber splitter to cover users around this area. Since level 2 optical
fiber splitting box and the users are separated, a demultiplexer with small optical splitter
is used.
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Figure 23
6.4.3
Multi-layer Building
If a multi-layer building doesnt have many users, OLT can be placed in the cell
machine room or the central equipment room. An optical fiber splitter is generally
used in a corridor or several corridors share an optical fiber splitting box. An optical
splitter is used in the fiber splitting box. When there are many users in the corridor,
just adopt Level 1 Optical Fiber Splitting Box . When there are much more users in
the corridor, adopt Level 2 Optical Fiber Splitting Box mode. User the optical fiber
splitter in a corridor as the level 1 optical fiber splitting box, leading out optical fiber
to the corridor nearby. Then, install a level 2 optical fiber splitting box, thus ensuring
effective use of optical fiber resource.
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Document Title
6.4.4
High Building
For high building, OLT can be placed in the access equipment room or cell
equipment room. Level 1 Optical Fiber Splitting plan is generally recommended:
Use an optical fiber splitter for several layers and install it in the weak electric well.
Put the optical splitter in the optical fiber splitting box, which directly cover users in
many layers. If level 2 optical fiber splitter is used, it can only be used as splicing
wire distribution convergence point, not optical fiber splitting point.
If user density is very low, to save the backbone optical fiber resource, level 2
optical fiber splitting mode can be considered. Advantage of the level 2 optical fiber
splitter is that it can fully save optical fiber resource. The loss will be more, and the
maintenance work will increase.
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Backbone
optical cable
Splitter and
wiring box
Access
equipment room
OLT
Splitter and
wiring box
ODF rack
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