Factory standard

Standard for Cleanness of

Steam Turbine
B808-86

Volume No.

Peoples Republic of China

Harbin Turbine Works
1986

Factory standard

Standard for Cleanness of

Steam Turbine
B808-86

Volume No.

Prepared by: Cui Jianguo

Checked by: Chen Yunyuan
Reviewed by: Wang Kaili
Cosigned by: Xu Zili, Chen Shouyu, Tong Zuotian
Xia Qiang, Zhang Zhida
Ratified by: Shao Zheru
Approved by: Xu Damao

Description of Preparation and Usage

To guarantee the clean degree of a variety of parts and components of
steam turbine products, their oil systems and steam ones, enhance the
quality of steam turbine products and in combination with the actual
production conditions of our works, the present standard for cleanness
of steam turbines produced by our works is drafted on the basis of
Ministry of Mechanical Industry JB4058-85, standard for cleanness of
steam turbines, implementing in the design and production of steam
turbine products.
1.

The present standard shall be executed from Oct. 1986 and from
the product No.74 as far as the concrete product is concerned.

2.

All the newly designed parts and components of steam turbine

products shall comply with the present standard. The old
products shall also comply with the present standard when they
are finalized once again or reconstructed.

3.

During design of products, the designers shall indicate the

cleanness grade to be met or the concrete clauses to be
executed in the cleanness standard of concrete parts and
components that any cleanness is required in the technical
requirements on the drawings and relevant documents.

4.

When a technological process is prepared, the parts and

components that any cleanness is required shall be listed in the
technological process.

5.

When a relatively high cleanness grade is set, however, the

structure of the parts and components is comparatively complex
and it is not easy to attain the cleanness grade being required,
the designers shall take measures to improve the design to meet
the cleanness requirement.

6.

The inspection personnel shall inspect parts and components

according to the present standard.

Standardization section
17/07/1986

B808-86

Standard for Cleanness of Steam Turbine

The present standard shall be applicable for castings, cold-work and
welding parts, mechanical machining parts and relevant parts in oil
and steam systems in terms of the cleanness requirements.
1.

Cleanness of casting surfaces

1.1

To enhance the quality of products and making their

appearances tidy and beautiful, the castings for steam turbines
shall have a clean surface before rust prevention or painting
operation.

1.2

For casting blanks, their surface cleanness shall be divided into

Cleanness-1, Cleanness-2, Cleanness-3 and Cleanness-4
totaling four grades according to their usage requirement and
the concrete stipulations are given in the table below:
Table 1
Examples of

Class

Code

methods for surface

Surface clean-up

Applicability

degree

scope

clean-up
examples
1 Sand blast clean Thoroughly clear all Components
1

Cleanness
-1

up to show intrinsic the

scale,

attached in

speed

metallic color on the matters,

adhesive regulation

surfaces

inclusion and

castings.
2

Adopt

chemical
clean-up

of sands,

safety

sands, dust, oil dirt, protection

electric rust, dark spots and system
sand stains etc. to make the
method castings

show

their

(for

the

details, intrinsic metallic color

please

see on their surfaces.

Appendix B).
3

Polish

if

necessary.
4 Other methods.
1Thoroughly
2

Cleanness
-2

Clear all the scale, Components

perform sand blast attached

and

clean

treatment
2

Polish

matters, in

up adhesive

speed

sands, regulation

inclusion sands, dust, and

safety

if oil dirt and rust etc. to protection

necessary.

make

the

3 Other methods.

nearly

castings systems and

show

their flow path

intrinsic metallic color

on their surfaces. It is
allowed for dark spots
and stains (produced
by

attachment

of

oxides) to have an
area

ratio

of

not

exceeding 10% in any

area of 25 mm x 25
mm,

however,

not

allowed to have any

oil dirty and loosened
scale

as

well

adhesive sands etc.

as

Table 1 (continued)
Examples
Class

Code

of methods
for surface
clean-up
Common

Cleanness
-3

Applicability
Surface clean-up degree

examples
Clear all the scale, attached Surfaces

sand blast matters,

treatment

scope

adhesive

sands, have

inclusion sands, dust, oil dirt requirements

and rust etc. to make the for

visual

castings nearly show their appearance

intrinsic metallic color on their
surfaces. It is allowed for
dark

spots

or

stains

(produced by attachment of
oxides) to have an area ratio
of less than 40% in any area
of 25 mm x 25 mm at the
bottom of metallic dents and
scale

attached

tightly,

however, not allowed to have

any oil dirty and loosened

Cleanness
-4

Artificially

scale etc.
Attain the aim of clearing Painting

clean-up

adhesive

sand,

dust, surfaces on

by using a attached matters of loosened the

wind
and

gun scale and oil dirt etc.

steel

foundation
parts or ones

wire brush,

paid

no

sand

attention

to

wheel etc.

the

outer

appearance.

1.3

Special emphasis should be put on the inner chambers of

castings in oil systems, in which the passages and in-built

pipelines should be cleaned up thoroughly and it is not allowed

to have any attached and dirty matters to prevent any accident
occurring to the oil systems.
1.4

The inner surfaces of the interior chambers, passages, slots

and small holes inside the castings of oil systems must be
repeatedly cleaned up in a comprehensive way by a variety of
technological methods, making them have no fine particles,
foreign matters and impurities visible by naked eyes.

1.5

Having been cleaned up according the cleanness grades as

stipulated, all the castings shall comply with Z35.7-86
Technical conditions and technological specifications for rust
prevention of steam turbines to conduct rust prevention
treatment.

1.6

The requirements for removal degree of foreign matters on

surfaces of castings shall be listed in the technological
processes as a working procedure so as to indicate the
cleanness degree of the castings to be attained from a blank
piece to a finished product before painting through machining.

1.7

Before delivered to mechanical machining, the castings shall be

inspected according to the present standard and the castings
not up to the standard for cleanness shall not undergo a
mechanical machining.

1.8

The castings laid aside for a long time and becoming rusty shall
be cleaned up again before use and shall not be handed to the
next work procedure until the grade requirement as stipulated
in clause 1.4 has been met and an inspection has been
passed.

2.

Cleanness of cold-rolled and welded products

2.1

In compliance with the using requirements, the surface

cleanness of cold work and welding finished products shall be
divided into cleanness-1, 2, 3 and 4 totaling four grades and the
concrete stipulations are given in the following table.
Table 2
Examples of

Class

Code

Cleanness
-1

methods for
surface clean-

Applicability
Surface clean-up degree

scope

examples
up
1 Sand blast Thoroughly clear all the Components
clean

up

to scale,

welding

slag, in

speed

show intrinsic welding beads, attached regulation

metallic color matters, dust, oil dirt and and
on

the rust

surfaces

Cleanness
-2

to

make

the protection

of welding parts show their system

welding parts.
2

etc.

safety

intrinsic metallic color on

Other their surfaces.

methods.
1 Thoroughly Clear all the scale, welding Components
perform sand slag,
blast

up dirt and rust etc. to make and

treatment
Polish

necessary.
3

beads, in

speed

and attached matters, dust, oil regulation

clean
2

welding

the welding parts nearly protection

if show their intrinsic metallic systems and
color on their surfaces. It is flow path

Other allowed for dark spots and

methods.

safety

stains

(produced

by

attachment of oxides) to
have an area ratio of not
exceeding 10% in any area
of 25 mm x 25 mm,
however, not allowed to

have any oil dirty and

loosened scale as well as
3

Cleanness
-3

adhesive sands etc.

Clear all the scale, welding Surfaces

Common
sand

blast slag, welding beads, dust, have

treatment

oil dirt and rust etc. It is requirements

allowed for dark spots or for
stains

(produced

visual

by appearance

attachment of oxides) to
have an area ratio of less
than 40% in any area of 25
mm x 25 mm at the bottom
of metallic dents and scale
attached tightly, however,
not allowed to have any oil
dirty and loosened scale
etc.
Attain the aim of clearing Painting

Artificially
4

Cleanness
-4

clean-up

by welding

using a wind beads,

gun,
wire
and

slag,
dust,

welding surfaces on
attached the

steel matters of loosened scale foundation

brush and oil dirt etc.

parts or ones

sand

wheel etc.

paid

no

attention

to

the

outer

appearance

2.2

The pipelines in the cold work welding parts having special

requirements
phosphorized

can

be

washed

using

an

acid

and

so as to clear scale, welding slag, welding

beads, oil dirt and rust etc.

3.

by

Cleanness of machined products

3.1

After mechanical machining, a variety of parts and components

shall undergo a treatment according to Z35.7-86 Technical
conditions and technological process regulations for rust
prevention of steam turbines.

3.2

Finished products of various parts and components must be

cleaned up before assembly, paying special attention to the
cleanness of small holes, slots and interior surfaces.

3.3

When inspecting the interior surfaces of parts and components

by naked eyes, they should have no iron debris, foul, dust, rust
and foreign matters.

4.

Cleanness of oil systems for steam turbine

A steam turbine oil system includes a regulation and safety
protection system and a lubrication oil one.

4.1

Requirements for castings, welding cold work parts, pipelines

and mechanically machined finished parts and components in
oil systems

4.1.1 Cleanness requirements for inner castings in oil systems shall

comply with the cleanness-1 and cleanness-2 in the present
standard 1.2.
4.1.2 The welding cold work parts and pipelines in oil systems shall
meet the requirement for cleanness-1 and cleanness-2 in the
present standard 2.1.
4.1.3 The

mechanically

machined

and

finished

parts

and

components in oil systems shall meet the requirement for

cleanness in the present standard 3.1 ~3.3.
4.2

Inspection of cleanness of components in oil systems

4.2.1 Before assembly, the shell of the oil system shall be put into a
clean vessel and soaked in kerosene for about 24 hours, then

lifted up by a crane, swung or knocked and shocked with a

wooden stick so as to loosen the relatively fast attached
matters, replaced in the vessel and immersed in kerosene for
about two hours.
4.2.2 The shell, which has been immersed in kerosene, shall be
placed again in the clean vessel and washed clean with clean
kerosene. The interior and exterior surfaces shall be 100%
inspected and the surfaces of the shell in contact with oil shall
have no impurities and foreign matters removable. One can use
sticky matters such as flour mass and the like to touch the shell
surfaces and no impurity particles shall be found.
4.2.3 The parts, which are to be assembled by using the components
in oil systems, shall be thoroughly cleaned up by using tools
having passed inspection before the assembly, kerosene and
vessels, paying special attention to the cleanness of small
holes, slots and inner chambers. After repeatedly washing, all
the parts shall be rinsed once with clean kerosene and undergo
a 100% interior and exterior surface inspection, requiring that
the interior and exterior surfaces of all the parts shall have no
foreign matters and impurities. By using sticky matters such as
flour mass and the like to touch all the surfaces, no impurity
particles shall be found. (For details, please see Appendix A).
4.2.4 The methods for determining the cleanness of components in
oil systems shall comply with Appendix A.
4.2.5 When the following requirements are met, the cleanness of
components in oil systems shall be deemed as satisfactory.
a.

The maximum particle diameter is not greater than 0.10 mm.

b.

The impurity weight is not in excess of the following

stipulations:

Allowable impurity weight of components in oil systems can be

calculated according to the following recommended formula
and allowable impurity weight of components in oil systems for
each kind of steam turbine products can be obtained.
FA
G= ZAK

Where,
A:

surface area of the shell in contact with oil when the

components is in service, in square centimeters.

F:

Complexity factor of a shell component, for a shell with a

medium complexity degree, F=1 and

F of other shell

components shall be determined by comparing them with the

above-mentioned shell.
Z:

Importance factor of the component in systems, for a

component with a medium complexity degree, Z=1 and Z of
other components shall be determined by comparing them with
the above-mentioned component.

K:

Allowable maximum impurity weight of a foundation component,

the component with its F and Z all close to the medium degree
as the foundation component, in milligram.

AK: Surface area of the foundation component in contact with oil, in

square centimeters.
4.3 Requirements for cleanness of components in oil systems when
performing a general assembly
4.3.1 Before the components are being installed in a bearing box and
formally closed, one shall thoroughly inspect the cleanness of
the bearing box internals. Besides a visual inspection of any

foreign matters and impurities by naked eyes, one shall also use
flour mass or other sticky substances to touch various portions
inside the bearings until no fine particles are visible on the flour
mass by naked eyes.
4.3.2One shall inspect one by one the exterior surfaces of the
components installed in the bearing box in compliance with the
method and requirement as stipulated in clause 4.3.1.
4.3.3One shall continuously fulfill the installation process of the
components into the bearing box and in the whole process, one
shall strictly prevent any foreign matter from falling in.
4.3.4The welding seams after a bending and welding shall be
cleaned up. After an acid and phosphorization treatment, the
tube ends shall be blocked to prevent any foreign matter from
falling in.
4.4

Oil circulation for an oil system on a trial run test stand

The oil circulation for components joining the general assembly
is regarded as a process for inspecting as a whole the
cleanness of the oil system and its regulation components and
washing in a comprehensive way the oil system to prevent any
pollution to the oil system.

4.4.1 The oil circulation shall be performed upon the completion of

general assembly prior to the static test of the turning gear and
regulation system.
4.4.2 The oil circulation shall be conducted in two phases, the first
one is to install 80-mesh strainers on the oil inlet and return
pipelines and start up an oil pump to circulate the oil until less
impurity particles emerge on the strainers. Afterwards, one shall
replace them with 120-mesh strainers to perform an oil
circulation in the second phase, frequently inspect and wash

the strainers until no visible impurity particles are found on the

strainers. In such a case, the oil circulation shall be regarded as
being completed.
4.5

Requirements for cleanness of oil systems for component test

rigs, oil systems and general assembly trial run test stands

4.5.1 One shall frequently inspect the cleanness of the oil systems
for component test rigs and general assembly trial run test
stands and the inspection results shall meet the present
requirements.
One shall inspect the oil systems for component test rigs once
every two months and shall inspect the oil system for general
assembly trial run test stands each time before use.
4.5.2 One shall inspect the cleanness of the oil systems for
component test rigs and general assembly trial run test stands
by complying with the following methods.
a.

Sample in the oil circulation process.

b.

During sampling, no visible mechanical impurities shall be

found by naked eyes.

c.

If the cleanness of oil is not up to the standard, one can use an

oil filter to filtrate all the turbine oil and the filter shall take oil
from the bottom of the oil tank.

d.

During the oil filtration, repeat the steps in a and b until all the
requirements are met.

5.

Cleanness of steam systems for steam turbine

Steam systems for a steam turbine include the main steam stop
valves, regulating valves, main steam pipelines, flow path and
connection pipes etc.
5.1 Requirement for cleanness of castings, cold work welding parts,
pipelines and mechanically machined finished parts and
components of a steam system
5.1.1The cleanness of castings in a steam system shall meet the
requirements of cleanness-2~cleanness-3 stipulated in the
present standard 1.2.
5.1.2The cleanness of cold work welding parts and pipelines in a
steam system shall meet the requirements of cleanness2~cleanness-3 stipulated in the present standard 2.1.
5.1.3The cleanness of mechanically machined parts and components
in a steam system shall meet relevant requirements for finished
parts and components stipulated in the present standard 3.1
3.3.
5.2 No metallic fins and burrs are allowed to be left on the rotors of
a steam turbine.
5.3 All the welding slag and beads etc. shall be cleaned up after the
blade shrouds and lacing wires have been welded on the rotors
of a steam turbine.
5.4

Requirements for cleanness of diaphragms

The

cleanness

of

welded

diaphragms

shall

meet

the

requirements of cleanness-2~cleanness-3 for cold work parts

stipulated in the present standard 2.1 and the cleanness of
casting diaphragms shall meet the requirements of cleanness2~cleanness-3 for castings stipulated in the present standard
1.2.

5.5

All the scale, welding slag, welding beads and impurities etc.
attached matters inside the main steam pipelines provided by
the manufacturer shall be cleaned up.

5.6

The cleanness of nozzle chambers (steam chambers) requires

that all the sands, adhesive sands, welding slag and beads etc.
attached matters should be cleaned up.

5.7

The cleanness of diaphragm sleeves on the inner walls of a

cylinder and external walls of an inner cylinder shall meet the
requirements of cleanness-3 for castings as stipulated in the
present standard 1.2.

5.8

The cleanness of connection pipelines of a steam turbine shall

meet the requirement of cleanness-3 for cold work welding
parts stipulated in the present standard 2.1.

5.9

Requirement for cleanness of main steam stop valves and

regulating ones

5.9.1 The cleanness of main steam stop valves and regulating ones
shall meet the requirement of cleanness-2~cleanness-3 for
castings stipulated in the present standard 1.2.
5.9.2 The cleanness of mechanical machining of main steam stop
valves and regulating ones shall meet the requirement for
cleanness of mechanically machined finished parts and
components stipulated in the present standard 3.1~3.3.

Appendix A: Methods for Measuring Cleanness of

Components in Oil Systems of Steam Turbine
A.1

Items to be measured
The cleanness of an oil system before assembly shall be
determined by the following process: wash the parts and
components in the oil system with clean kerosene (apart from
parts in a transition and tight fit) until they are clean, sample all
the dirty matters such as sand, metallic debris, fibers, dust and
other impurities, use a 200-mesh copper wire net to filter and
record the weight of dirty matters and maximum particle
diameter being measured.

A.2

Tools and instruments

A.2.1 Tools for washing

a.

Nylon cylindrical brushes and flat brushes in a variety of sizes;

b.

Various plates, basins and barrels;

c.

Porcelain cups at a height of 15003000 mm with

graduations;
d.

Washing bottles and oil guns;

A.2.2 Washing solvent, kerosene.

A.2.3 Apparatus for filtration, drying and weighing.
a.

11 mm and 12.5 mm quantitative medium speed filtration

papers and 200-mesh brass strainers.

b.

Scale with a precision of 1.

c.

Desiccator, 7 cm measuring flask and temperature-controlled

oven.

d.

10-time magnifier with graduations.

A.3

Stipulations for operations

A.3.1 Preparation work

a.

Kerosene for washing, can be used only after filtered by using a

medium speed filtration paper.

b.

Tools and vessels are required to be clean and dry, attaining to

be free of water and impurities. Brushes shall be washed clean
with kerosene.

c.

Before a component is assembled, the dirty matters on the

exterior surfaces of its shell shall be washed clean with the
ambient environment and both hands of operators shall be kept
clean.

A.3.2 Rinse
Use brushes to dip in kerosene and rinse the surfaces and
inner chambers of parts and components. Use cylindrical
brushes having a bigger diameter than that of holes to rinse
various hole passages and employ washing bottles and oil
guns to spray washing after kerosene is sucked until they are
clean.
A.3.3 Filtration by using a brass wire net
First rinse the brass wire net with gasoline before filtration and
fold the net after the gasoline has been volatilized. Put the net
in a measuring flask and open the cover, hold temperature for 1
hour in an oven at a temperature of 105 , cool down for 30
minutes at a room temperature, then weigh the brass wire net.
After filtration, put the net with dirty matters in a measuring flask
and place the flask in an oven at a temperature of 105 to
hold temperature for 1 hour, take out and close the cover, cool
down for 30 minutes at a room temperature, then use a scale to

weigh the flask. During the filtration, reduce and avoid as

possible as one can any foreign matter being mixed in the
sample and the brush hairs mixed and other conspicuous
foreign matters shall be removed.
A.4

Measure the sizes of particles

Observe with a 10-time magnifier having graduations and
measure the maximum particle size.

Appendix B: Electrochemical Method for Removing Sands

in Castings (recommended)
B.1

Tools and instruments

a.

Chemical solution heating stove.

b.

Chemical solution tank.

c.

Thermocouples

d.

Hopper for placing castings.

e.

Deposit bottom box

f.

Sodium hydrate solution

g.

DC power source.

B.2

Technological process

1.

The castings, which have undergone a waterfall and sand blast

treatment to remove the floating sand, shall be lifted up and
down into a chemical solution tank, making the castings
immersed in the solution and then switch on the power source.
The castings in the solution tank must be in no contact with any
sides to avoid a shortcut and make the current be conducted

through the solution. When the castings are put in the solution
tank, they must have no water for fear of any explosion. The
fragile materials must undergo a preheating process and the
non-fragile materials can omit this working procedure.
2.

Upon the completion of cleaning-up, one shall switch off the

power source. The castings, which have been cleaned up, shall
be lifted out from the solution tank and put in a cold water box
to quench and wash to remove the loosened matters. The
quenching process shall fully comply with the stipulations
specified in the regulations for water quenching.

3.

The castings shall be put into a hot water box to wash with the
hot water temperature ranging from 80 to 90 . The aim of
washing is to wash clean the sodium hydrate solution on the
interior and exterior surfaces of the castings (otherwise, the
sodium hydrate solution will be combined with carbon dioxide in
air to produce a sodium bicarbonate white film, covering the
casting surfaces, causing corrosion to the castings and
influencing the next working procedure. Through a clean-up,
the remaining sand can be all removed. Because of the coating
layer being melted, the remaining metallic portion of the
adhesive sand falls off itself or falls off when quenching. As for
the fast adhesive sand, the sand can be all removed and the
honeycomb-shaped metallic portion is left and easily removed
by using a wind gun or cut off by using a gas cutting gun).