In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful

Introducing

This message is for every inquiring andbroad-minded human being. It is for

every seeker of the truth who might haveonce wondered what the religion of Islam is all
about? Who is Allah? What is theultimate goal of man's existence? Or what happens after
death? These questionsand many others one may come across on certain occasions but
brushed them asidefor various reasons.

Islam is indeed misunderstood andmisrepresented in the West. "This is hardly

surprising" ,remarks the Frenchman,Dr. Maurice Bucaille, in the introduction to his book,
The Bible, The Qur'an,and Science[1]: "If weconsider the way so many generations in the
West were instructed in thereligious problems facing humanity and admit the ignorance
in which they werekept in about anything related to Islam."[2]

Hence Islamic ideals remain obscure forthe vast majority of non-Muslims. This booklet
does not attempt to answer allthe questions you may have. It will open before you,
however, a new dimension ofthinking and will help you appreciate the importance of
your role as a humanbeing in this universe, and the relationship between you and your
Creator, GodAlmighty Allah. It presents Islam to you concisely, and provides
straightforwardanswers to many questions about Islam and its credentials.

From this booklet, you may begin to understand who Allah is, what Islam means,and the
role of man in this life, and to familiarize yourself with the Last ofthe Divine Scriptures,
and the last of the Prophets and Messengers.

The Qur'an exists only in Arabic. Allah did not reveal itscontents in any other language.
Therefore no one can give literal translation ofthe meaning of any Ayah, verse or Surah,
chapter of the Qur'an into any otherlanguage. The same applies, though to a lesser extent,
also to the sayings ofthe man commissioned by Allah to interpret the Qur'an, namely, the
Prophet,Muhammad, peace be upon him.

Although I prefixed theQur'anic quotations and Prophetic traditions cited in this booklet
by, "Allahsays" or "the Prophet says" ,yet I have given only the general meaning of
suchquotations in English.

Mahmoud Murad.
Jamada II 1414.
December1993.

[1]The book was originally written in French, entitled La Bible, le Coran et la Science. Its
English version was published by American Trust Publications in 1979.
[2]P. ii.

Who is Allah?

Allah is the proper name applied to thetrue God Who exists necessarily by
Himself comprising all the excellent Divinenames and attributes of perfection. Allah is
One and Unique. He has no son,partner, or equal. He is the sole Creator and Sustainer of
the universe. Everycreature bears witness to His Oneness, Divinity, and Ruboobiyyah[3],
and to the uniqueness of Hisattributes and names. His essence does not resemble any
other essences. He doesnot exist in anything, nor does anything exist in Him. "There is
none like untoHim". He is the One, the Sole, the Indivisible. He is the Rubb[4]who
accomplishes all affairs,Allah is the Omnipotent and the Omniscient. His knowledge
comprehends in perfectmanner all things, hidden or manifest. He is greater than can be
encompassed bythe knowledge of His creatures. He knows everything, and He is aware
of all thattake place in the earth or in the heavens. Allah, the Supreme, is the Rubb
ofeverything and has a free hand in the disposal of all affairs. Allah-exalted beHe is the
One Who manages the things that take place. No affair occurs in thevisible or the
invisible world without His determination, His decree, His willand His decision, so that
what He wills takes place, and what He does not willdoes not take place. No one who can
ever resist His command or change Hisdecision. He is the Merciful One, and His mercy
encompasses everything[5]. He is far removed frominjustice and tyranny. He is wise in
all His actions, just in all His decrees.His justice ensures order in the universe, in which
nothing is out of order.There is no one to share His dominion, nor does He take an aide or
supporterfrom His creatures. He is the Rubb of the worlds. He is nearer to man than
man'sown jugular vein[6]. Whenevera believer is in need or distress calls on Him, He
responds. He is above theSeven Heavens, mounting His throne in the manner that suits
His grandeur andmajesty.
 Allah has revealed His final Scripture, the Qur'an,to the last of His Messengers,
Muhammad, peace be upon him, who was responsiblefor conveying the Message of
Islam to mankind. He is the Exalted Allah. Glory isdue to Him. He is far removed from
every imperfection.

[3]Infinitive noun of Rubb.

[4]Some translate the term 'Rubb' into Lord, but since the meaning of 'Rubb' is far more
comprehensive be restricted to a single word such as 'lord'. Rubb, means, among other
things, the Creator, the Sustainer, the Provider, and the One in whose hands is the
disposal of all affairs.
[5]Even the unbelievers enjoy Allah's mercy in this world by having their means of
subsistence maintained by Him.
[6]This signifies that Allah is well aware of mans insight more than man himself.

What Is the Qur'an?

The Qur'an, the Torah, the Gospel areScriptures of Allah that He sent down to
His Messengers, peace be upon them. The"Qur'an" is Allah's speech, not a created thing
that may perish nor is it anattribute of any created thing. Gabriel brought down the Qur'an
to Muhammad,peace be upon him, bit by bit as circumstances warranted over a period
oftwenty-three years. The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, would memorize
theverses he received and recite them to the companions who happened to be with
himand order them to write the verses down immediately.

Muhammad, peace be upon him, himself used to keep a copy of the revealedportions in
his house. The Qur'an, the last of Allah's Scriptures, is dividedinto 114 surah (chapters) of
unequal length. It is one of the fundamentalsources of Islamic teachings. Allah revealed
some of the Qur'an's suwar andverses in Makkah, and the rest He revealed in Madinah.
The Makkan suwar andverses deal mainly with the issues of aqeedah[7], such as tawhid,
the belief in the Oneness of Allah, thesigns of the existence of Allah, resurrection, life
after death, or the Day ofResurrection.

The Prophet, peace be upon him, laid greatemphasis on the Oneness of Allah, as did all
the Prophets and Messengers ofAllah before him, beginning with Adam and ending with
Muhammad, peace be uponthem all. Suwar revealed in Madinah dealt with the actions of
the individualsand every aspect of life, including forms of worship.

[7]Aqeedah is a religious tenet upon which one's mind and heart is firmly settled, and to
which one holds and adheres.
 Authenticity of the Qur'an

Allah says:“ And this Qur'an is notsuch as could ever be produced by other
than Allah, rather, it is theconfirmation of that which was before it, (i.e., the Torah and
the Gospel, etc.)and a full explanation of the Book which is no doubt, from the Rubb of
theworlds. Or do they say: He has invented it? Say: Then produce a surah like it,and
summon whoever you can [to help you] apart from Allah, if you aretruthful.”[8]

There is no nation that had ever cared about, revered, andpreserved its Divine Scripture
as the Muslim Ummah (nation) has cared about,revered and preserved the Qur'an. Unlike
the other Divine Scriptures, the Qur'anis not kept in the hands of a particular group or
elite of Muslims, and for thisreason it is not subject to suspicion that it might have been
tampered with oraltered. Rather, it has always been within the reach of all Muslims.

The Prophet, peace be upon him, commanded The Muslims torecite Qur'anic verses in
their prayers. Allah commands the Muslims to refer alltheir disputes to the Qur'an for
final judgment. The Qur'an was compiled in itsfinal form at a time when the first
Muslims to commit it to memory were stillalive. Allah has promised to preserve it, and it
will be preserved until the Dayof Resurrection.

The Muslims today read and recite theQur'anic texts exactly as they were read and
recited during the lifetime of theProphet Muhammad, peace be upon him, and his
Companions. Not a single letter hasbeen added to the Qur'an or deleted from it. After
having examined the Qur'an,Dr. Maurice Bucaille ascertains: "Thanks to its undisputed
authenticity, thetext of the Qur'an holds a unique place among the books of
revelation."[9]

[8]Qur'an (10:38-40).
[9]Dr. Maurice Bucaille is a surgeon who has taken great interest in the scientific aspects
of the Qur'an. He learned Arabic and managed to study the Qur'an in its original text. He
was amazed with its precise scientific data. As a result of his study, Dr. Bucaille
embraced Islam.

The I'jaz, or the Miraculous Nature of the Qur'an

Al-Baqillani wrote about how the Qur'an isthe evidential miracle of the
Muhammad's Prophetic Office: "What makes itnecessary to pay quite particular attention
to that branch of Qur'anic scienceknown as I'jaz al-Qur'an is that the Prophetic Office of
the Prophet, peace beupon him, is built upon this miracle. Even though later on he was
given thesupport of many miracles, yet those miracles all belonged to special
times,special circumstances, and concerned special individuals."[10]
 Allah,the Exalted, has challenged the Arabs and non-Arabs to produce a Qur'an similarto
the Divine one. The challenge was reduced to ten suwar, yet they failed to doso. Finally,
Allah challenged them to produce a single surah comparable to anyof His. Although they
were the masters of eloquence and rhetoric, they wereincapable of taking up the
challenge. They realized that the Qur'an could neverbe from other than Allah, the Rubb of
the worlds.

Thedifference between the miracles of the previous Messengers, which proved

theirveracity, and that of Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, peace be on him, is
thattheirs took place during the lifetime of each one of them, whereas the miracleof the
Qur'an remains effective, everlasting, and challenging until the Day ofResurrection.

[10]Al-Baqillani, I'jaz al-Qur'an, pp.13, 36-38.

Some Aspects of the Miraculous Nature of the Qur'an

Scholars have mentioned three particularaspects of the miraculous nature of the

Qur'an. Al-Baqillani quoted: "One ofthem is that it contains information about the
unseen, and that is somethingbeyond the powers of humans, for they have no way to
attain it. One example isthe promise Allah, Most High, made to His Prophet, peace be
upon him, that hisreligion, Islam, would triumph over all other religions. Thus Allah,
Mighty andexalted is He, says: He it is Who Has sent His Messenger with guidance and
thereligion of truth that He might make it victorious over all religion, eventhough the
polytheists dislike it."

Allah, the Exalted, didindeed fulfill His promise, and Muslims captured all the lands as
far as Balkand the land of India. The early Muslims ruled a vast land encompassing
manycountries in the world. The Qur'an foretold the victory of the Romans againstthe
Persians.[11]

Allah' says:“ The Romans have been defeated in theland nearby, and they, after their
defeat, will be victorious.”[12]

Thesecond aspect is that it is well known that the Prophet, peace be upon him, wasan
ummi[13]who couldneither write or read. Likewise it was generally recognized that he
had noknowledge whatever of the books of the earlier people, nor of their records,
orhistories. Yet he produced summaries of past great and important events such asthe
stories of the previous Prophets and their peoples.

Aperson who reads the Qur'an objectively will realize that the prophesies in itare far
removed from conjecture or speculation. This is due to the fact that theOne Who revealed
it is the One who pre-decreed all events till the Day ofResurrection.
[11]The reference to this prophesy is found in surah #30 titled 'Arrum' or the Romans.
This refers to the battle that took place between the Persians and the Romans in 614 AD
when the Romans were defeated. Eight years after that, the Romans defeated the
Persians, and the prophesy of the Qur'an was fulfilled to the letter.
[12]Qur'an (30:1-2).
[13]An unlettered man.

The Qur'an as Comprehensive Legislation

The Qur'an constitutes the mostcomprehensive concept of Islam on the practical

level as the source of theshari'ah, or the Divine laws and legislation. It is comprehensive
because itincludes law, as well as the underlying purposes and moral principles, and
thecreed to which every Muslim must subscribe. Islamic shari'ah is designed andsuitable
not only for Muslims, but for all mankind at all times. The Islamic lawgoverns all human
acts, by delineating every person's public or private-dutiestoward Allah and toward His
Creation, including man.

Man-made laws are subject to alteration and are based on theories. Whenever anew body
of legislators assumes authority, or a new theory appears and appealsto the legislators, the
laws are changed accordingly. The Divine law, on theother hand, is unalterable and
perpetual because the One Who made it is TheEver-living and Everlasting. He is the
Creator Who created mankind and ordainedfor all human beings what is best for them
until the end of time. For thisreason, the Qur'an, being the last revelation to the last of the
Prophets andMessengers, supersedes all previous Scriptures.

Science and the Qur'an

Muhammad, peace be on him, was unlettered.He could neither read nor write,
and he grew up in Makkah where there were noschools. He lived far away from the
circles of science and scholars that existedin Syria, Alexandria, Athens, or Rome.
Moreover, the scientific facts mentionedin the Qur'an were not known in that time, i.e. in
the Seventh Century AC.Having studied and examined the Arabic text of the Qur'an, Dr.
Bucaille marvels:"I could not find a single error in the Qur'an. I had to stop and ask
myself: ifa man were the author of the Qur'an, how could he have written facts in
theSeventh century AC. that today are shown to be in keeping with modern
scientificknowledge? I had to acknowledge the evidence in front of me: the Qur'an did
notcontain a single statement that was assailable from a modern scientific point ofview. I
repeated the same test for the Old Testament and the Gospels, alwayspreserving the same
objective outlook. In the former, I did not have to go evenbeyond the first book, Genesis,
to find statements totally out of keeping withwhat modern science considers to be
indisputable facts".[14]
 Dr.Bucaille studied many scientific facts mentioned in the Qur'an such as thecreation of
the universe, astronomy, the animal and vegetation kingdoms, humanreproduction, and
other related issues. We shall select, for the sake ofbrevity, only two of the above issues
to draw the attention of the reader to oneof the objectives of this booklet.

[14]The Bible, the Qur'an, And Science, p. 120.

The Creation of the Heavens and the Earth

Man's knowledge of the origin of theuniverse is very limited. Scientists have

proposed hypotheses and theories ofevolution centered around one theme: the primordial
fireball and the primordialera of matter and antimatter. According to these theories, the
universe[15]consisted mainly ofstrongly interacting particles. The primordial matter and
antimatter eventuallyannihilated each other and those particles that survived formed the
presentuniverse. This theory is given further credence because it conforms to the
basicprocess of the development of the universe as presented very simply in theQur'an.
Allah commands His Messenger Muhammad, peace be on him, to ask theunbelievers:“
Say (to them): Do you disbelieve in Him Who created theearth in two days? And yet
you set up equals to Him, Who is the Rubb of theworlds. And He placed therein firm
mountains above its (the earth's) surface andblessed it, and in four days equitably
apportioned the means of subsistence toall who would seek it. Then (Allah) turned to
the heaven when it was smoke (yetonly gaseous) and said to it and to the earth: Submit
willingly or unwillingly!They both said: We submit in willing obedience. Then He
decreed that they becomeseven heavens in two days, and imparted to each (of the
seven) its function. AndWe decorated the heaven nearest to earth with lights and made
them secure. Suchis the decree of the All Mighty, the All-knowing.”[16]

AndAllah says:“ Are the unbelievers not aware that the heavens and the earthwere
once a single entity which We then separated, and that We made every livingthing out
of water?[17]Willthey not then (begin to) believe?”[18]

The concept of rending one unit intotwo or more, and the celestial "smoke" referred to in
the above, confirms whatis considered to be factual scientific data. The English physicist
andastronomer, Sir James Jeans, wrote: "We have found that, as Newton firstconjectured,
a chaotic mass of gas of approximately uniform density and of verygreat extent would be
dynamically unstable: nuclei would tend to form in it,around which the whole of matter
would ultimately condense." On the basis ofthis theory he proposed that all celestial
objects originated by a process offragmentation.[19]

The space program helped verify the homogeneity of thesubstances of which the moon,
the earth, and other planets are formed. "Suchstatements in the Qur'an concerning the
creation, which appeared nearly fourteencenturies ago" Dr. Bucaille concluded,
"obviously do not lend themselves to ahuman explanation.".[20]
[15]Macropaedia, Vol.18, p.1008, of the Encyclopedia Britannica.
[16]Qur'an (41:9-12).
[17]Some have misconstrued this verse to substantiate Darwin's theory of evolution. This
verse means that Allah chose to develop the universe to its present state by causing water
to constitute the substantial element of every living thing.
[18]Qur'an (21:30).
[19]Ibid.
[20]Ibid.

Human Reproduction

The complexities of human reproduction weredecoded and understood only after

the invention of the microscope, which wasinvented hundreds of years after the death of
Muhammad, peace be on him. But theQur'an refers to all the stages through which the
human embryo passes. As Allahsays:“ Verily, We created man from the quintessence of
mud. Then We placedhim as a drop of sperm in a safe depository. Then We fashioned
the drop of sperminto a thing that clings, and then We fashioned the thing that clings
into achewed lump (of flesh), and We fashioned the chewed flesh into bones. Then
Weclothed the bones with (intact) flesh. Then We developed it into a different(form of)
creation. So blessed be Allah, the best of creators.”[21]

Theobservations of modern science indicate the stages of human reproduction are:

1. Fertilization of an ovule, which takes place in the Fallopian tubes.

Thefertilizing agent is the male sperm.

2. The implantation of thefertilized egg, which takes place at a precise spot in the
female reproductivesystem. It descends into the uterus and lodges in the body of
the uterus. Oncethe embryo begins to be observable to the naked eye, it looks like
a small massof flesh. It grows there in progressive stages well known today,
which lead tothe bone structure, the muscles, the nervous and circulatory system,
and theviscera, etc.[22]
Inconclusion, Dr. Bucaille ascertains:"More than a thousand years before our time, at a
period when whimsical doctrines still prevailed, men had a knowledge ofthe Qur'an. The
statements it contains express in simple terms primordial truthsthat man has taken
centuries to discover by himself."[23]

[21]Qur'an (23:12-14).
[22]The Bible, the Qur'an and Science, p.199.
[23]Ibid.
 Who is Muhammad? (Peace be upon him)

Muhammad, peace be upon him, is the last ofAllah's Messengers and Prophets.
His name is Muhammad, son of Abdullah, son ofAbdul-Muttalib, peace be upon him. His
lineage is traced back to Ibraheem, peacebe upon him, the Friend of Allah. He was born
in Makkah in 570 AC. Due to thefine reputation he enjoyed among his people, they
nicknamed him "theTrustworthy". At the age of 40, he was endowed with Prophethood
when Allah, theExalted, revealed to him, through the angel Gabriel, the first Qur'anic
verses,and asked him to preach the Oneness of Allah and warn people against
polytheism.

The Makkan polytheists opposed him and threatened his fewfollowers harshly, but that
did not shake his faith nor cause his steadfastnessto waiver, nor did it stop more people
from responding to his preaching.Finally, when the majority of the people of Madinah
embraced Islam, the MakkanMuslims took flight to Madinah. Later on, the Messenger of
Allah himselfmigrated to Madinah to establish there the Islamic Nation. A few years
later,the polytheists of Makkah and their allies succumbed to the growing power of
theMuslims, and through the mercy of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon
him,Makkah was liberated without violence. Some thirty years after the death of
theProphet Muhammad, peace be on him, Islam had already spread throughout the
worldand displaced the two greatest empires at the time; the Persian and the Roman.

What is Islam?

The Arabic term "Islam" meaning"submission" points to the fundamental

religious creed, which dictates that aMuslim submit to the will of Allah by conforming
inwardly and outwardly to Hislaw.

Islam is the last of all the Divine revealed religions.The name, Islam, for this universal
and eternal, Deen[24]of Allah, was institutedby Allah during the farewell pilgrimage;
Allah says:“ Today I haveperfected your deen for you, and I have completed My favor
upon you, and I haveapproved Islam as your religion.”[25]

Islam is the last and universal faithand today numbers more than one billion followers.
Every country in the worldhas at least a small Muslim minority. Islam has shown itself to
be not only themost widespread religion in the world, but also the most dynamic,
attractingconverts at a faster rate than at any time in the last thousand years.

Islam is not a "religion" in the narrow sense used bysecular humanists, in the West, but
is the universal and eternal deen knownthrough Prophets to every nation of people since
the human race first began.This Islamic deen lays great emphasis on uncompromising
monotheism and strictadherence to its creed and method of worship. It enjoins
submission to the willof Allah and urges every person to follow as closely as possible the
exemplaryway of the life of Muhammad, the last of the Prophets and Messengers, peace
beon them all.
Allah, the Exalted, created the universe andwhat is in it to express the truth that He is the
One and only God. He createdman and jinn only to celebrate His praise and worship
Him. In His wordssignifying:“ I have created the jinn and Man only to worship
Me.”[26]

Themethod and form of worship are not left to man's option or choice. Allah is theOne
Who ordains and decrees all acts of worship and the means by which they mustbe
observed. Since Islam deals with every aspect of life, spiritual andphysical, its
jurisprudence is based on a creed, instruction on worship, andordinances regarding social,
economic, and political aspects.

Because Islam is a perfect way of life, it enjoins themaintenance of a refined standard of

character. The Messenger of Allah, peace beupon him, says:“ Verily, I have been sent to
develop in you good characterand refined behavior.”

Allah praised the modelbehavior of His Messenger, peace be upon him, by saying:“ And
you surelyexhibit an exalted standard of character.”[27]

A'ishah, the wife of the Messenger of Allah, peace be on him, was asked abouthis
behavioral characteristics of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. Shesaid: "His
standard of behavior was the Qur'an". A'ishah meant that the Prophet,peace be upon him,
rigorously followed the Qur'an, its rules of discipline,commands, and prohibitions and all
its excellent, beautiful, and graciousteachings. For this reason, Allah commands the
believers to follow the exemplarylife of His Messenger, peace be on him, in His words:“
You have indeed inthe Messenger of Allah an excellent model.”[28]

Islamenjoins good character expressed in good manners for every occasion:

entreating,greeting, sitting, eating, learning, teaching, sporting, traveling,
dressing,visiting, sleeping, and treating people, particularly relatives and neighborswith
kindness. Codes for all such refined behavior are found in both the Qur'anand the
Prophetic traditions of the Messenger of Allah, peace be on him.

[24]A deep conviction ot the validity of religious beliefs and practice as well as a way of
life.
[25]Qur'an (5:5).
[26]Qur'an (51:56).
[27]Qur'an (68:4).
[28]Qur'an (33:21).
 The Family in Islam

The family enjoys a high status in Islam.It is the core of the society, because a
healthy family means a healthy society.Hence Allah, the Exalted, commands that parents
be treated with gentleness andsubmissiveness, saying:“ And your Rubb has commanded
that you worship nonebut Him, and treat your parents with kindness. If one or both of
them attain oldage in your care, never say to them a word (suggesting) disgust, nor
reproachthem, but address them with reverent speech. And humble yourself out of
mercybefore them and supplicate: My Rubb be merciful to them even as they fostered
mein my childhood.”[29]

Next to the nuclear and immediatefamily come the kinfolk. The Messenger of Allah,
peace be on him, said thatAllah has promised to be kind to the person who treats his
kindred withkindness, and to bar from His mercy the person who severs relations with
hisrelatives.

[29]Qur'an (17:23).

The Pillars of Islam

The Islam is based on five pillars as theMessenger of Allah, peace be upon him,
said. They are:

1. Shahaadah (the profession of faith)

Its also called the kalimah (word), whichmust be recited by anyone embracing
Islam. It means "There is no true god exceptAllah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah." This means that nothing and noone is worthy of being worshipped but Allah, and
that He must be worshipped onlyaccording to the teaching of His Messenger Muhammad,
peace be upon him.

Abdullah bin Amr reported that the Messenger of Allahsaid:“ A man will be brought
along to the balances on the Day ofResurrection, and there will be brought out for him
ninety nine scrolls, everyscroll of them stretching (when unrolled) as far as an eye can
reach, in whichare written his sins and his guilty acts, and they will be put in one pan
of theBalances. Then a small card will be brought out on which is written
theTestimony of Faith: There is no true god except Allah, and Muhammad is His
slaveand Messenger, which will be put in the other pan, and it will outweigh all
hiswrongdoing.”This means that if a person professes the testimony of faithfulfilling its
conditions, Allah forgives his sins regardless of how many sinshe may have committed.
 The Conditions of Testimony of Faith

Pronouncing the testimony of faith issufficient to make one a convert to Islam.

There are however, six conditionsthat must be observed before it can effectively make
one a Muslim. These aredescirpe as follow.

Al-Ilm (Knowledge)

knowing both concepts of the testimony offaith i.e., disclaiming all deities,
denouncing shirk, polytheism, and affirmingthe Oneness of Allah. Allah the Exalted,
addressed His Messenger, peace be uponhim, saying:“ Know, therefore, that there is no
true god butAllah.”[30]

The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:“ Hewho dies while still
acknowledging there is no true god except Allah willassuredly enter Jannah.”

And he said:“ Allahwill forbid the fire [from touching] anyone who has testified:
There is no truegod except Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”

Al-Yaqeen (Certainty)

The heart must be firmly certain of themeaning of shahadah without a blemish of

doubt. Allah the Exalted says:“Verily, the believers are only those who truly believe in
Allah and HisMessenger, and then doubt not.”[31]

Allah praises such believerssaying:“ It is they who are the truthful.”The Messenger of
Allah,peace be upon him, said:“ I bear witness that there is no god but Allah,and I am
the Messenger of Allah. No slave meets Allah with this testimony,having no doubt in it
but shall enter Jannah.”[32]

Al-Ikhlaas (Sincerity)

Allah, the Exalted, said:“ And theywere not commanded but to worship Allah,
being sincere in devoting religion toHim.”[33]

Abu Hurairah said:“ I asked the Messenger of Allah,peace be upon him: Messenger of
Allah! Who will be most fortunate to enjoy yourshafa'ah (intercession) on the Day of
Resurrection? The Messenger of Allah,peace be upon him, said: I was certain that no
one else would ask me about thisother than you, because I have noticed your keenness
for hadeeth. The mostfortunate of men who will enjoy my shafa'ah on the Day of
Resurrection is theone who says: (La Ilaha Illa Allah) "None has the right to be
worshipped exceptAllah", sincerely from his heart.. ”[34]
 As-Sidq (Truthfulness)

Allah The Exalted says:“ But he whohas brought the truth[35],and those who
testify to the truth, these it is who are the righteous.”[36]

TheMessenger of Allah said:“ Anyone testifies that there is no god but Allahand
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, truthfully from his heart, Allah wouldforbid his
admittance to the Fire.”[37]

Al-Mahabbah (Love and affection)

Allah says:“ Allah shall bring fortha people whom He loves and they love
Him.”[38]

TheMessenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said:“ There are three (qualities),whoever
possesses them, will taste the sweetness of Iman (belief): to love Allahand His
Messenger more than anyone else, to love the Muslim only for the sake ofAllah, and to
dread returning to kufr (apostasy) as he dreads being thrown infire.”[39]

The Prophet, peace be upon him, also said:“ None ofyou shall (really) believe until I
become dearer to him than his own father, andson and all mankind.”[40]

Al-Inqiyaad (Submission) internally and externally

Allah, the Exalted, says:“ And he whosubmits himself to Allah, and does good,
he has surely grasped a stronghandle.”[41]

Allah also says:” And turn you to your Rubb, andsubmit yourselves to Him.”[42]

Al-Qubool (acceptance and conformity)

All the above conditions must be acceptedand adhered to. In other words, none of
the conditions or requirements of thetestimony of faith should be rejected. Allah says:“
When it was said tothem: There is no god but Allah, they used to turn away with
arrogance, and say:Are we going to relinquish our gods for an insane poet.”[43]

AbuMusa al-Ash'aree reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him said:“ Theparable of
guidance and knowledge which Allah has sent me with is like a rainwhich fell on a
land. A patch of that land received the water and produced muchherbage and grass.
And a patch which was barren. The latter retained waterwherewith Allah extended
benefits to men: they drank from it, irrigated andplanted their vegetation. And a patch
which was a sandy plain, it neitherretained water nor produced herbage. This is
parallel to the person whoconceived the religion of Allah and benefited from the
Message with which Allahhas sent me, whereby he learnt and taught others. The other
person turned awayfrom it (from my Message), and rejected the guidance of Allah with
which I amsent.”[44]

2. Salah (prayer)

An act of worship consisting of series ofmovements, and Qur'anic recitations.

The performance of the five prescribeddaily prayers is obligatory (fardh) beginning at the
age of reason, which isdeemed to be ten years. Each unit of salah is called rak'ah (pl.
rak'at). Someprayers are performed silently in whole or in part; that is to say, the
Fatihah,or the opening surah of the Qur'an and the chosen passage of the Qur'an are
notrecited in audible voice. Prayer is clearly the most important pillar aftershahadah.
Each unit of salah, called rak'ah (pl. rak'at). It is a daily act ofworship. The performance
of salah at five prescribed times daily is obligatory(fardh). The five prayers may be
performed either individually or incongregation, but if in congregation, they are led by an
imam who directs theritual. At these five times a day there is an adthan , or a call to
announce thetime for prayer, and to summon Muslims to the masjid for prayer.

To perform prayer, the person must be in the sate of ritualpurity conferred by the wudu',
or ablution. A prayer must be performed in aclean place, facing the qiblah, the direction
of Makkah[45], a direction which isindicated in a masjid by a mihrab, or a notch in one
of the masjid walls. Thedaily prayers will descrip as follows.

The Format of Salah (prayer)

a)Salatul-Fajr, or dawn prayer, consisting of two supererogatoryrak'aat followed

by two obligatory rak'aat during which the Qur'anic passagesare recited loudly. Its
time is from dawn to sunrise.

b)Salatadth-Dhuhr, the noonday prayer; two rak'aat followed by another

twosupererogatory. Then four obligatory with quiet recitation, and then two
moresupererogatory rak'aat. It is performed after the moment the sun passes
itszenith until the time of Asr.

c)Salat al-Asr, the late afternoonprayer, consists of only four obligatory rak'aat.
with quiet recitation. It isperformed when the shadow of a vertical stick becomes
equal to the length of thestick until just before sunset.

d)Salat al-Maghrib, sunsetprayer, consists of three obligatory rak'aat, the first

 two of which are recitedin audible voice, while the third is recited quietly. The
three obligatoryrak'aat are followed by two supererogatory ones. This prayer may
be performed assoon as the sun sinks below the horizon until the red glow
disappears, but isbest performed immediately after sunset.

e)Salat al-Isha', ornight prayer. Its four rak'aat, the first two are recited in audible
voice andthe last two quietly. They are followed by two supererogatory rak'aat. It
isperformed after the onset of night until the dawn, but are preferably
performedbefore midnight. An additional two rak'aat followed by odd one, called
witr maybe prayed before going to sleep.
Besides the five prescribeddaily prayer, there are also certain special congregational
prayers that are incommon observance. The most important of them is the Jum'ah,
Fridaycongregational prayer performed in place of the normal noon prayer. It can onlybe
performed in congregation following a khutbah, or preaching delivered by theimam.
There are also special prayers for time of lunar or solar eclipse. Anotherprayer called
Salatul-Istisqaa' time of drought, a two rak'at prayersupplicating Allah for rain. It is to be
performed by the community in the open.Janazah, funeral prayer, is performed for the
recently dead by the mourners andby anyone present in the masjid at the time. Salatul-
Khawf, (prayer of fear), isperformed in place of normal prayer in the battlefield. A-
Eedain prayers, forthe two annual festivals, the first al-Fitr, which marks the end of the
Fastingmonth of Ramadhan and the al-Adh-ha, the sacrificial festival which marks theend
of the Pilgrimage.

There are some arkan or fundamentalrequirements that must be observed in order that
the prayer be accepted:
(1) An-niyyah (intention), i.e., stating in mind what prayer service oneproposes to
perform.

(2) Takbiratul-al-ihram (sanctification), i.e.,pronouncing takbeer [saying. "Allahu

akbar"], whereby the worshipper cutshimself off from profane things for the
period of prayer.

(3) Al-qiyam(standing), i.e., taking up one's position standing, facing the qiblah
and readyfor prayer.

(4) Al-qira'ah (recitation), i.e., the recitation of theFatihah (Surah # 1) and some
other portion from the Qur'an.

(5) Ar-ruku'(bowing), i.e., bending the body so that the palms grab the knees.

(6)As-sujud (prostration of obeisance), i.e., going down on hands and knees so

thatthe forehead touches the praying place.

(7) At-tasleem (salutation),which ends the formal prayer.

(8) At-tarteeb (arrangement), i.e.,performing all the above in proper sequence.

Prayer is one ofthe greatest pillars of Islam. It is the first act of worship about which
manshall be questioned about on the Day of Reckoning. If Prayerof a Muslim isaccepted
by Allah, then the rest of man's good deeds are accepted too.[46]

Zakah

it is means "purification". consists ofgiving up a certain percentage of the wealth

one may possess for a whole lunaryear to be given to needy Muslims in order thereby to
purify or legitimize one'swealth and property. Zakah is one of the greatest financial
institutions ofIslam as practical sharing with those less fortunate, the bounty one
receivesfrom Allah. A sharing which reflects characteristics of a true Muslim. Zakah
islevied annually on certain types of food, grain, cattle, and cash retained forone lunar
calendar year to be given out to the poor, the needy, and otherspecified classes of people.
The amount due varies according to different kindsof properties.

Sawm (fasting)

it is to be observed during the month ofRamadhan (the ninth month of the

Muslim lunar calendar). The beginning of thefasting is announced in all Muslim
countries by the appearance of the new moonof Ramadhan, and ends with the appearance
of the new moon of Shawwal. AllMuslims in normal health abstain from food,
drink[47]and sexual enjoyment fromdawn to sunset.

Fasting is a beneficial act of worship thathelps one who observes it to attain piety and
humbleness and to share thefeelings of the bereft and hungry in the community so as to
be more benevolentand charitable. Meritorious fasting is also recommended on various
occasionsthroughout the year.

Hajj (pilgrimage)

Hajj (pilgrimage) to the sacred sites incertain Makkan areas, each with its own
special rites and ceremonies is anelaborate series of symbolic acts requiring several days
for theiraccomplishment. It is performed at a particular period of the Islamic year atthe
al-Masjid al-Haram, the Sacred Masjid in Makkah, and in Mina, Muzdalifah andArafat,
which are the places directly adjacent to Makkah. it is obligatory forthose whose health
and means permit it once in a lifetime[48]. Umrah[49]however, is voluntary actof
worship. The Hajj rites take place during the Islamic or lunar months ofShawwal, Dthul-
Qi'dah, and the first ten days of Dthu-Hijjah only. It is apre-condition for the pilgrim to
enter the state of ihram[50]at a certain point beforeentering the boundaries of Makkah.
[30]Qur'an (47:19).
[31]Qur'an (49:15).
[32]Sahih Muslim.
[33]Qur'an (98:5).
[34]Musnad al-Imam Ahmad.
[35]The one who brought the truth refers to Muhammad, peace be upon him. While the
'truth' refers to the kalimah.
[36]Qur'an (39:33).
[37]Sahih Muslim.
[38]Qur'an (5:54).
[39]Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.
[40]Ibid.
[41]Qur'an (31:22).
[42]Qur'an (39:54).
[43]Qur'an (37:35-36).
[44]Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.
[45]The Qiblah, orientation for prayer, i.e., the Ka'bah, to which all Muslims turn during
prayer.
[46]Man shall be held accountable for every minute thing he does, and shall stand all by
himself on the Day of Resurrection or Reckoning to be questioned by the All- Mighty
Allah. Every one shall be held accountable for his own deeds. The life in the Hereafter is
either everlasting happiness or everlasting torment.
[47]Drinking, refers to water, fruit juices and other non-alcoholic and soft drinks. Liquor
and smoking are strictly prohibited in Islam.
[48]This means that a person must have enough provisions for his journey and for his
family during his absence.
[49]Umrah, or visitation, which is concerned more particularly with the central shrine of
al-Masjid al-Haram, in Makkah, can be performed at any time of the year. Its rituals take
place entirely within the precincts of the Sacred Mosque of Makkah. Umrah is also a part
of the Hajj. It is composed of the seven tawaf, or circumambulations of the Ka'bah,
followed by a prayer of two rak'aat, the drinking of water of Zamzam, and finally
walking between the hills of Safa and Marwa seven times.
[50]Ihram is purposely entering upon the performance of Hajj or Umrah by wrapping a
piece of cotton around one's body, covering it from the chest down, and another piece to
cover one's upper body, excluding the head. This makes it unlawful to wear sewed
garments, socks or shoes. Only slippers or the like are permissible to wear. Also
prohibited are all sexual activities with one's wife, hunting, and the like. Under normal
circumstances, once a Muslim enters the state of ihram, he may not break it until he has
completed all hajj and Umrah rituals. If however, one is held back from completing Hajj
and Umrah, for health reasons, fear of an enemy, or great danger, he may then quit his
ihram and sacrifice a sheep, a goat, a cow, or a camel as an expiation.
 The Doctrines of Islam

Iman, or faith may be strengthened byobedience to God Almighty Allah, and

may be weakened by acts of disobedience.Iman has over seventy branches; its uppermost
is the testimony of faith; "Thereis no true god except Allah", and the lowermost of which
is removing a harmfulobject from the road. Islam contains sex basic articles of faith as we
willexplain in the following sections.

Belief in the Oneness of Allah

Belief in the Oneness of Allah, Who is thesole Creator upon Whom all the
creation depend for their means of subsistence.Everything stands in need of Allah, but He
stands in need of no one. This beliefentails also believing in Allah as the only God who is
worthy of beingworshipped, and in the uniqueness of His attributes. He is not a body that
hasbeen formed. He does resemble any created thing, nor does any created thingresemble
Him. Space does not encompass Him, nor do the earth and the heavenscontain Him. He is
situated above His Great Throne in the manner which suits HisMajesty. Although He is
above His Throne and separated from all His creatures,yet in spite of this He is near to
every existing thing. He is nearer to manthan his jugular vein.

Allah is known by the intellect to beexisting in His essential being. Thus it follows for
Islam that the greatest ofall sins is shirk, i.e., associating partners with Allah or giving to
anyone oranything even the smallest share in Allah's unique sovereignty.

Belief in angels

Belief in angels, sexless creatures createdof light. Allah has created the angels
and tasked them to perform numerousduties besides worshipping Him. They are His
obedient slaves.“ They standin awe of Him.”[51].Some of them are mentioned in the
Qur'an and the Prophetic traditions such asJibreel, the angel that brings down the divine
revelation to the Prophets andMessengers, Mika'eel, the angel of provisions, Israfeel, the
angel of thetrumpet of doom, the angel of death, Ridhwaan, the guard of the Jannah[52],
Malik, the guard of Hell,Raqeeb and Ateed, the two angels who record mans deeds and
utterances, Munkarand Nakeer, the questioners of the dead, the Throne bearers, and
others.

Belief in His Scriptures

Belief in His Scriptures, specifically thatthey were free from any imperfection or
errors at the time of their revelation.All Scriptures preceding the Qur'an have been
tampered with or distorted by thepeople of the Book, whereas the Qur'an is protected by
Allah from change ortampering. He sent down Scriptures to Abraham, Isma'il, Is'haq,
Ya'qoob (Jacob)and his twelve sons, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, peace be upon them.
Scriptureswere revealed through Jibreel to the various Prophets in succession.
ThusScriptures are really one and each successive book confirms those that precededit.
With the revelation of the Qur'an, all previous Scriptures were abrogated,and what the
Jews and the Christians now have are not the original Torah of Musa(Moses), and Gospel
of Issa (Jesus) but later productions written by the handsof men.

Belief in His Messengers

Belief in His Messengers whom Allah haschosen at various times from among
mankind whom He has honored by making themmediators between Himself and His
slaves. They were sent in order to give goodtidings of rewards to those who do good, and
to warn those who do ill of comingpunishment. It is equally important to believe that the
information they broughtis characteristically and necessarily veracious. The Messengers
were to makeclear to people all they need to know of what was befitting in religion and
insecular life, and to make specific to them the acts of worship whereby theywould attain
the highest ranks in the Hereafter. Allah, the Glorious, aided HisMessengers by clearly
apparent signs and by splendid miracles. The first of theProphets series was Adam, and
the last of them is our Prophet Muhammad, Peace beupon them all. Believing in the
Messengers of Allah means also believing thatthey were trustworthy in what they
transmitted to men, and that they werepreserved from anything that would contradict
their mission by Allah. Among whomthe most prominent and steadfast are Noah,
Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Muhammad,peace be upon them. They are human and slaves
of Allah. Every Prophet orMessenger before Muhammad, peace be on them, was sent to
his own people, butMuhammad, peace be on him, is sent to all mankind. Allah says:“
Blessed isHe Who has sent down the Qur'an to His slave so that it might be a warner to
theworlds.”[53].

None of Allah's Messengers or Prophets claimed to be god orpart-god. Allah says:“

Allah has not taken unto Himself any son, nor isthere any god with him, for otherwise
each god would have taken away what he hadcreated, and some of them would surely
have dominated over the others. Far beAllah above all that which they attribute to
Him.”[54].

Muslims accept all the Prophets and Messengers sent by Allah as theirs, moreoverthey
accept Jesus, not as Christians claim him to be the Divine manifestation orson of God,
but as a Messenger, albeit of miraculous birth since he was born ofa virgin, hence he is
called Jesus son of Mariyam (Mary).

Although Jesus is highly respected in Islam, yet Islam does not concede any ideaof his
divinity, or believe that he is the son of God. This, or any Trinitarianidea of God, or any
suggestion that Jesus is somehow an hypothesis of God, isutterly rejected in Islam. Jesus
did not die upon the cross, rather someone elsewas substituted for him. Allah says:“ They
slew him not, nor did theycrucify him not but it appeared so to them. But God took him
up to Him. Allah isever Mighty, Wise.”[55].
 Belief in the Last Day

Belief in the Last Day, i.e. the Day ofResurrection. Allah has pre-decreed a term
for each creature, and a term for thelife of this world. Allah will assuredly raise the dead
from their tombs. Theend of this world will be marked by the sounding of the Trumpet.
Then theTrumpet will sound again and mankind shall be resurrected so that every
personwill stand before the Rubb of the worlds and be questioned about his or herdeeds
in this world. Allah, the Exalted, has created the Jannah and has preparedit as an eternal
dwelling for His pious slaves who He will honor by the visionof His face. He has also
created Hell for those who disbelieve in Him. On theDay of Resurrection, rewards and
penalties are assigned, the balances will beset up for weighing the works of men and
those whose balance weighs heavy willbe those who will prosper. Everyone will be given
his record sheet. It is to bebelieved that the Bridge over Hell is real, and men will have to
cross it. Thepious of them will do so safely, and the impious will fall in Hell.

Belief in Al-Qada, and Qadar, or predestination

Belief in Al-Qada, and Qadar, orpredestination, of both good and evil

consequences. All man's thoughts, words,and deeds were foreordained, determined and
decreed by Allah for all eternity,and that everything that happens takes place according to
what has been writtenfor it. Allah has created everything in due proportion. His
determination of thenature of things was established fifty-thousand years before He
created theHeavens and the earth. Nothing occurs or takes shape within the heavens or
onearth but with His knowledge and by His order. In other words, man's life
aspredestined in the sense that nothing can finally oppose the Will of AlmightyAllah.
Man nonetheless has the gift of free will in that he does make choicesand decisions.

Believing in predestination however,necessitates believing:

• That the knowledge of Allah encompasses all things, and that nothing escapesHis
knowledge, be it in the heavens or on the earth. Allah has known Hiscreatures
before he brought them into existence. He reassigns their provisions,term of life,
utterances, deeds, actions, movements, their internal and externalaffairs, and who
of them is assigned for Jannah, and which of them is doomed toHell.

• That Allah has pre-decreed what to come into existence. This in turnrequires
believing in the Pen which records all the divine decrees, and in thePreserved
Tablet on which the decrees are recorded.

• That the will of Allah is effective and His capacity is inexhaustible andinclusive.
Doubtlessly, whatever Allah wills does take place, and whatever Hedoes not will
does not take place due not to incapacity rather to His infinitewisdom. There is
nothing that frustrates the capacity of Allah.
 • That Allah, the Exalted, is the sole Creator of all things. All praise isdue to Him.
He is the One other than Whom there is no god.

[51]Qur'an (32:11).
[52]The above of recompense in which various delights prepared therein for the obedient
salves of Allah who will live in it eternally. The Paradise is atop it.
[53]Qur'an (25:19).
[54]Qur'an (39:33).
[55]Qur'an (4:157-158).

Conclusion

Having studied the Qur'an thoroughly, andmade extensive researches on its

contents, Dr. Maurice Bucaille came to theconclusion: I could not find a single error in
the Qur'an. I had to stop and askmyself: if a man were the author of the Qur'an, how
could he have written factsin the Seventh century AC that today are shown to be in
keeping with modernscientific knowledge? There was absolutely no doubt it: the text of
the Qur'anwe have today is most definitely a text of the period, What human
explanationcan there be for this observation? In my opinion there is no explanation;
thereis no special reason why an inhabitant of the Arabian Peninsula should, at atime
when King Dagobert was reigning in France (629-639 AC), have had
scientificknowledge on certain subjects that was ten centuries ahead of our own?[56]

Inconclusion, it should be borne in mind that Islam is not just a set of ritualsrestricted to
the above, rather, it is a set of statutes and injunctions thatregulate every aspect of man's
life; from cradle to grave.

Now that you have read this booklet and become more acquainted with the
centralprinciples of Islam, it is up to you to make the choice. Every one is headingfor the
same end, but he or she may choose one route or another. Allah is somerciful; He is far
removed from injustice. Allah says:“ We never punishuntil We have sent a
Messenger.”[57]. Out of our concern, we have prepared this message for you.

[56]The Bible, the Qur'an And Science, American Trust Publication, p. 120.
[57]Qur'an (17:16).