Archana Reddy

AAP PhySci 5
archanaphysci5@gmail.com

PRACTICE FINAL
CARBOHYDRATES

27. The process of turning lactate, amino

acids, and glycerol to glucose is
___________________.
a) gluconeogenesis

1. Maltose is a combination of which two

monosaccharides?
a)
glucose and galactose
b)
amylopectin and sucrose
c) glucose and glucose
d)
glucose and sucrose

b) glycolysis

2. True or false. Whole grains contain

starch, vitamins, and fiber, deeming them
healthy.
a) true
b)
false

a) maltose

c) anabolism
d) phosphorylation
6. Which of the following is not a
disaccharide?
b) sucrose
c) fructose
d) lactose
7. Which of the following components does

3. What are the types of starches?

a refined grain contain?

a) Amylose

a) bran

b) Amylopectin

b ) endosperm

c) Amylin

c) germ

d) Glucose
e) Both a&b

8. Which of the following is the function of

4. What effect do insoluble fibers have on

a) The breaking down of glycogen to

the large intestine?

glucose.

a) slow absorption and bind cholesterol in

b) Increasing binding between insulin and

the digestive tract

insulin receptors.

b) cause abrasion to walls of the

c) Increasing absorption of glucose

large intestine to stim ulate m ucus

by cells.

release

d) Allowing glycogen to leave cells when

c) cause bacteria in the large intestine to

glucagon is released.

better utilize glucose

d) create food for microflora in the large

GLUTs?

9. The glycemic ____________ assesses the

intestine

effect of a variety of foods.

5. Insulin and glucagon are hormones which

b) index

are considered

c) directory

a) agonistic

d) formula

b) antagonistic

a) load

Archana Reddy
AAP PhySci 5
archanaphysci5@gmail.com

PROTEINS
1. All of the following are functions of
proteins EXCEPT:
A) Antibodies
B) Hormones
C) Enzymes
D) Movement
E) None of the above
2. Which of the following are
INCORRECTLY matched?
A) Primary: amino acid sequence
B) Secondary: alpha-helices and betapleated sheaths
C) Tertiary: 3D structure
D) Quaternary: multiple tertiary structures
connected together to make a larger protein
E) None of the above
3. How many amino acids are there and
how are they identified?
A) 20, R (variable group)
B) 20, carboxyl group
C) 30, R (variable group)
D) 30, carboxyl group
E) None of the above
4. Which of the following is NOT an
essential amino acid?
A) Histidine
B) Methionine
C) Arginine
D) Leucine
E) None of the above
5. _____________ is the condition associated
with high concentrations of bases in
circulation.

a) alkalosis
b) acidosis
c) ketoacidosis
d) edema
6. A complete protein is one that has all
essential amino acids in it, which of the
following is a complete protein
A) meat
B) soy products
C) beans
D) a and b only
E) all of the above
7. Amino acids may contain all of the
following elements except:
a) carbon
b) hydrogen
c) oxygen
d) zinc
8. Our immune system produces and
releases proteins called _________________.
a) antigens
b) antibodies
c) pathogens
d) hemoglobin
9. The process of turning RNA to proteins
is:
a) translation
b) transcription
c) methylation
d) replication

CARDIOVASCULAR
1. Which of the following is the correct
flow of blood flow of the heart?

Archana Reddy
AAP PhySci 5
archanaphysci5@gmail.com

A) Superior and inferior vena cava-> left

atrium->left ventricle->pulmonary
semilunar valve->lung->pulmonary
veins-> right atrium->right ventricle>aorta->body
B) Superior and inferior vena
cava->right atrium->right
ventricle->pulmonary semilunar
valve->lung->pulmonary veins>left atrium->left ventricle->aorta>body
C) Superior and inferior vena cava>right atrium->right ventricle->aorta
valve->lung->pulmonary veins->left
atrium->left ventricle->pulmonary
semilunar valve->body
D) Superior and inferior vena cava>right atrium->left atrium->pulmonary
semilunar valve->lung->pulmonary
veins->right ventricle->left ventricle>aorta->body
E) none of the above
2. Which of the following statements are
INCORRECT about the stages of
atherosclerosis?
A) Initiation: LDL permeates the intima and
gets stuck, oxidized by ROS, and
inflammation occurs when immune system
tries to correct this mistake
B) Foam cell formation: macrophages and
lymphocytes are recruited to clear the mess
created by the LDL, but they also get stuck
and appear to be yellowish and foamy.
C) Plaque formation: calcium and fibers
calcifies the carbohydrate core.
D) Blockage: plaque ruptures and travels
and blocks arteries
E) None of the above

3. Which of the following are

INCORRECTLY matched?
A) Tunica externa= protection
B) Tunica media=smooth muscle
(vasodilation and vasoconstriction)
C) Tunica intima= endothelial cells, in
contact with blood
D) None of the above
E) All of the above
4. All of the following are risk factors of
CVDs EXCEPT:
A) High fat and low fiber diet
B) Smoking
C) Obesity
D) Physical inactivity
E) None of the above
5. The heart pumps _____L per day
c)
17
d)
740
e) 7000
6) The flow of blood to the heart is called
A) Electrical stimulation cycle
B) Electrical cardiac cycle
C) Cardiac conduction cycle
D) Cardiac stimulation cycle
7. To assess the progression of
atherosclerosis, what test should be
conducted?
a)
an electrocardiogram
b)
anticoagulation
c) an angiogram
d)
an angioplasty
8. To assess anemia, a doctor would order
a ________________.
A) Coronary artery bypass graft
B) Hem atocrit
C) Angioplasty

Archana Reddy
AAP PhySci 5
archanaphysci5@gmail.com

D) Infarction
9. Systole refers to a given chamber
_______________, while diastole refers to a
given chamber ______________.
A) Contracting, contracting
B) Relaxing, relaxing
C) Contracting, relaxing
D) Relaxing, contracting
10. A coronary bypass graft uses which
technique?
a)
inserting a stent into an artery to crush
fat deposits and widen the artery
b) using an artery or vein from
another part of the body to
create a new passage for blood
c)
using an electronic pump to pump
blood through the heart
d)
using a machine to re-regulate the
pumping of blood
11. To assess the progress of
atherosclerosis, a doctor would assess the
__________ of the heart.
A) Stenosis
B) Blood pressure
C) Hematocrit
D) Angioplasticity
12. _______________ are cells in the blood
that form clots, whereas ____________ carry
oxygen, hormones, and nutrients throughout
the body.
A) Red blood cells, white blood cells
B) White blood cells, red blood cells
C) Red blood cells, platelets
D) Platelets, red blood cells

13. The _________________ supply blood to

the heart via the coronary circulation
e) right and left coronary arteries
f)
aorta
g)
right and left pulmonary veins
h)
bicuspid and tricuspid valves

DIABETES
1. Which of the following are true regarding
Type II diabetes?
A) it is primarily a genetic disease
B) the pancreas does not produce insulin at
an early age
C) m any patients are required to take
insulin as the disease progresses
D) b and c only
2. A type II diabetic patient
A) is typically obese
B) is insulin-resistant
C) cannot be cured
D) a and b only
E) all of the above
3. Insulin is beneficial because
A) it increases glucose transport out of the
blood and into the muscle
B) it helps storage of glucose into glycogen
in the muscle
C) it helps store fat
D) it helps mobilize/breakdown fat
E) a and b only
4. Which of the following is CORRECTLY
matched?
A) Type II: both beta cells and insulin
receptors are messed up
B) Type I: beta cells are functioning and
insulin receptors have messed up
C) Type II: used to be called adult
onset but now everyone (kids,
adolescents, adults) are diagnosed
with it

Archana Reddy
AAP PhySci 5
archanaphysci5@gmail.com

D) Gestational diabetes occurs randomly to

anyone
E) All of the above
5. True or false. Type 1 Diabetes is a
lifestyle disease.
i)
true
j)
false
6. Using the glucose tolerance test, which of
the following diagnostic measurements are
made?
k) a fasting glucose level and a
glucose level after two hours of
glucose dose
l)
a fasting glucose level and a glucose
level after an hour of glucose dose
m) a one hour and two hour measure
after glucose dose

CANCER
1. Which is the leading cause of death in
BOTH men and women?
A) lung in both
B) prostate cancer in men and breast
cancer in women
C) lung cancer in men and breast cancer in
women
D) prostate cancer in men and lung cancer
in women
E) colorectal cancer in both
2. All of the following can reduce prostate
cancer risk EXCEPT:
A) reduced caloric intake
B) exercise training
C) decreased obesity
D) increasing estrogen
E) none of the above

3. Breast cancer is not associated with

A) obesity
B) diet
C) age
D) estrogen
E) none of the above
4. What is an antioxidant?
A) A molecule that moderates reductive
damage in the cell.
B) A m olecule that m itigates
oxidative dam age in the cell.
5. A tumor is considered ______________
when it has a potential to invade other
tissues/organs.
A) Benign
B) Malignant
C) M etastatic
6. Which of the following types of cancer is
NOT a common form of cancer in men?
A) Lung cancer
B) Colorectal cancer
C) Prostate cancer
D) Liver Cancer
7. ____________ and ___________ regulate
mitosis, and when mutated, may cause
cancer.
A ) Oncogenes, suppressor genes
B) Oncogenes, metastatic genes
C) Mutator, supressor genes
D) Antigens, metastatic genes

MUSCLES
1. Which of following are true regarding
motor unit recruitment?

Archana Reddy
AAP PhySci 5
archanaphysci5@gmail.com

A) as more force is applied, larger motor

units are recruited
B) as the applied force increases, type IIx
fibers are recruited before type I fibers
C) as the applied force increases, type I
fibers are recruited before type IIa fibers
D) a and c only
E ) a and b only
2. Which of the following are CORRECTLY
matched?
A) Type I: use primarily carbohydrates
B) Type II: use primarily lipids
C) Type IIx: type IIx can be
converted to type IIa but type I is not
converted
D) Type I: rely on substrate level
phosphorylation (glycolysis)
E) Type II: are used primarily in endurance
training
3. What is the importance of ATP in muscle
contraction?
A) used to make myosin and actin bonds
B) pumps calcium back into the
sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) breaks the myosin and actin bonds
D) a and c only
E) b and c only
4. Exercising aerobically on a regular basis
may allow for
A) muscle hypertrophy
B) enhanced aerobic fitness
C) reduced insulin sensitivity
D) depressed ability to oxidize fat
E) none of the above
5. Which are unique features of muscle
cells?
A) an abundant amount of mitochondria
B) presence of sarcoplasmic reticulum

C) having ribosomes
D) having a nucleus
E) a and b only
6. If you wanted to become a marathon
runner, you would benefit from all of the
following
EXCEPT:
A) training to improve both the short-term
and long-term energy systems
B) having a high percentage of type I
muscle fibers
C) training like a sprinter
D) eating a diet with plenty of carbohydrates
E) none of the above
7. The primary energy source of resting
muscles are
a) cholesterol
b) fatty acids.
c) glucose
d) bile
8. As an action potential reaches the axon
terminal what neurotransmitter is released
that allows myosin to bind to actin?
a) calcium
b) acetylcholine
c) neurons
d) ATP
9. In isotonic force generations the muscle
length _____ as the tension is building up:
a) shortens
b) lengthens
10. Glycolysis is beneficial because:
a) quick generation of ATP
b) independence of oxygen
c) dependence of oxygen
d) large amount of ATP generated
e) A and B