IKnif en

Talking about obligations and advice

Cl (I ; SOCIOLOGY

Vocabulary: crim e and violence

Reading and speaking

1 Match these words associated with crim e and

violence with their definitions.

U Read the article on page 9 and answ er the

1
2
3
4
5
6

stab / knife
search
arm
attack
wound
weapon

a
b
c
d
e
f

hurt someone in a fight or a war

something that you use to fight with
give someone a knife or a gun
push a knife into someone
look for something that is hidden
try' to hurt or injure someone

Listening
2 G R O U P W OR K Discuss these questions.
Which crimes do you feel most at risk of? Why?
Have you ever been threatened with physical violence?
3a &

2 Listen and complete the text.

questions.
1 Why does the writer call knife crime an epidemic?
2 What are the reasons for people carrying knives?
3 Why does the writer say it is ironic that carrying a
knife increases risk of violence?
4 What action must schools take?
5 What attitudes to knife carrying will have to change?
6 Do you find the advice helpful?
5 G R O U P W O R K Discuss what you have learned
about knife crime.

Do you find any of the facts surprising?

What do you think of young people who carry knives?
What other crimes do young people get involved in?
How do you think the situation in Britain compares
with your country?

G ram mar

inm! n Britain
2005-6

knife crimes
committed, an increase of
2

on 2004-05

Attacks

of young people
claim to have been attacked
with knives in the previous
year

Most at risk

Youna 4
5

Knifeholders

livina in
areas

6
of London school
students claim to have carried
a knife

Prison
sentences

7
for illeaallv
carrying a knife
8
for carrvina an
offensive weapon

6a Read the article again and underline the sentences

containing m ust, have to, d o n 't have to, o u g h t to,

sh ou ld, had to, d id n t have to, w ill have to.

6b Complete the rules with the structures in
exercise 6a.

Talking about obligation and advice

Use '_________ o r 2__________ to say that it is obligatory,
important or urgent to do something. U s e 3_________
when referring to the past. U se 4_________ when
referring to the future.
Use m u s tn 't to say that it is forbidden to do something.
U s e 5_________ to say that it is not necessary to do
something. Use 6____

. when referring to the past.

U se 7_________ and 8_

___ to give advice or make a

strong suggestion.
Use had b e tte r to give advice about an immediate
situation.

You'd b e tte r te ll y o u r p a re n ts w here you are. They'll be

w orried.
The negative of had b e tte r is had b e tte r not.

3b Listen again and answ er the questions.

1 Are young men the only people who carry weapons?
2 Why dont punishments stop people carrying knives?
3 W ill knife amnesties solve the problem of knife crime?

They had b e tte r n o t m ake too m uch noise.

Get the grammar, page 14

Thirteen
in 2008

Young lives,
bright futures,

ended without mercy.

An epidemic

Taking action

Open a newspaper or turn on the TV

and it is impossible to miss the epidemic
of knife crime. A young foreign student
asks some youths to be quiet and is
fatally stabbed; a father of two is killed
outside his house in front of his young
daughters; a girl is knifed outside a
club as she helps a friend who was
being attacked. They are all victims of
a crime which has claimed the lives of
teenagers and adults.

been a victim of crime; some parents

even arm their children in an attempt
to keep them safe. Ironically, carrying a
knife increases the risk of violence and
the danger of their own weapon being
turned against them.

Too easy to kill

Knives are cheap and easy to get hold
of. And you don't have to be strong to
kill with a knife it's as easy as cutting

Why carry a knife?

into a ripe melon. Despite what you

may think, there are no safe places on
the body to stab someone. It can take
less than five minutes to bleed to death
even from a knife wound in the leg.

Many do it to 'feel big' or to 'earn

more likely to carry a knife if they have

H O W T O BE S A F E

If there are people and places th at

scare you, you ought to avoid them .
If somebody approaches you, and
you think they are carrying a knife,
you should w alk away.
You shouldn't try to negotiate w ith
someone w ho threatens you w ith a
knife.
D on't be tem p ted to carry a knife
even if you need to protect yourself.

THE KNIFE WENT THROUG

MY MATE'S LEATHER JACKET.
HE DIDNT HAVE TO DIE.'SASHA. 14

Pronunciation
w w w .forreal.ee/interm ediate

Speaking and writing

7b W rite a composition giving the arguments for

and against the quote. Finish with your opinion.

WORDEXPANPER

7a G R O U P W O R K Divide into two groups, A and B.

Group A defends the quote below. Group B puts
the opposite point of view. Prepare your ideas
first. Then start your debate.
The world is fitted with violence. 'BecMse criMinals
carry OjUns, Me decent (aw-abiding citizens should also
hoye mns. Otherwise they w ill win And the decent

------ / / . .// /....................

carriers, and victims of knife offences.

They show graphic photos of injuries
and victims explain how their lives
have been ruined. To be safe on the
streets, the message is clear: attitudes
to carrying knives will have to change.

YOU HAVE TO CARRY A KNIFE

TO FEEL SAFER. CHRIS. 17

I HAD TO GIVE MY MOBILE

PHONE TO BOYS HOLDING A
KNIFE TO MY FACE. JOSHUA. 15

respect', to feel manly or cool. But others

carry knives to defend themselves,
because they fear they will be attacked
with a knife. Young people are also

Some schools have fitted metal detectors

and teachers can now search pupils for
knives. But schools must do more to
help students understand the problem.
Awareness-raising campaigns such as
the Be Safe Project give talks in schools
with speakers who used to be knife

give

Study these expressions.

Write a sentence for each category.
HUMAN INTERACTION

give a shout I a cry I a sigh I

a kiss I a hug

COMMUNICATION give some advice I an answer I

an example I a talk I an explanation
TRANSPORT

give a lift (in a car) I a ride (on a bike]

PHRASAL V ERBS

give up I qive awav I aive back I

isIt a crtse?

Comparatives and superlatives

Reading
1 Read the reports and match
them with their headings.
a
b
c
d
e
f

The easiest to find

The most childish escape
The unluckiest car thief
The luckiest criminal
The most careless criminal
The most filmed criminal ever

Tyrone Hogan of Los

Angeles tried to steal a
large van. But opening
up the back, he found
it contained the
martial arts team from
a Florida university!
They pinned him to
the ground while they
called the police.

STORIES
A thief stole the GPS device used to track
criminals on probation. But the device
contacted police HQ as soon as Vicki
Carter left the house, alerting authorities
to her exact position and the direction
she was travelling in.

Faisal Wakil, wearing a hood,

attempted to steal a laptop
from a CCTV surveillance
shop in the UK. Unfortunately
the robbery was filmed on
eight separate cameras.The
owner said it was stupid to
target a CCTV shop and that
it had been very good for
business.

2 W rite the names of the criminals.

1
2
3
4
5
6

chose the wrong sort of shop to steal from.

gave information to the police about her whereabouts.
escaped twice in the same way.
didn't hide the evidence of his crime very well.
chose a conspicuous and slow form of transport.
was stopped by a sports team.

Connecticut police caught thief

Calvin Bonds as he attempted to
escape on a girl's pink and white
bike. He had stolen a car after
putting a knife to the throat of the
driver, but then smashed it into a
truck. Bonds claimed the bike was
his and he was on his way home.

^
3 Match the verbs from the reports with their definitions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

track down
pin
target
smash into
end up in
claim
alert

a
b
c
d
e
f
g

warn or inform someone about

find someone or something
state something is true
be in a particular state after a series of events
hit something violently with a vehicle
stop someone moving by putting weight on them
choose a particular person or place to attack

Vote for the crim inal that

you think is the most stupid.
Tell the class and give your
reasons. Count the votes.
Who won?

m o s t stupid criminal
f
A /-v A /-^ A.
JL /-s

1 Tyrone Hogan

2 Faisal Wakil
3 Vicki Carter

4 Calvin Bonds

5 David Ivy

1 David Ivy escaped from a

Tennessee prison through a hole
in the fence. Eleven years later he
ended up in the same prison. But
he needn't have worried because
the hole he had used before
hadn't been repaired. So he used
it to escape again!

r A thief from Canada stole a

beer truck, but was found
later that day by the police.
They tracked Jacques Tremblay
down to his apartment by
following a trail of discarded
beer, a cooler, a trolley, the
crashed truck, and discarded
clothes.

Vocabulary: minor offences

5a Match the pictures with these
activities.
Q busking
begging
0 buying a counterfeit bag, watch, etc.
1 I downloading music for free
I I breaking the speed limit
I I not wearing your helmet on a motorbike
O not wearing your seatbelt
O drinking alcohol in the street
O smoking in a no-smoking area
5b G R O U P W O R K Discuss these questions

Which ones do you / dont you consider crimes?

Which ones do you simply consider anti-social?
Are there any that you personally disapprove of?
Would your parents or teachers have the same
views as you?

Gram m ar
6 Match these sentences with the rules below.
a Busking is not as bad as begging.
b Buying a counterfeit bag is as bad
as stealing,
c Beggars are poorer than buskers,
d Smoking in a no-smoking area
is less offensive than drinking
alcohol in the street.

e Riding without a helmet is

much more dangerous than
driving without a seatbelt,
f Not wearing your seatbelt
is worse than parking on
double yellow lines.

Comparatives
Add -er to the end of one-syllable adjectives.
Add -e r to the end of two-syllable adjectives ending in -o w or -e r or -y.

IC Q M liy

p a i r w o r k Think about the

activities in exercise 5. Discuss
which you think are the most /
least...

dangerous
annoying
serious
intrusive
likely for a teenager to do
likely for a forty-year old
businessman to do
likely for you to do

(Spelling rules, see Workbook, page 106)

Use m ore with adjectives and adverbs of two syllables or more.
Use less with adjectives and adverbs to show that something is a smaller
quantity, degree or size.
Use ...as... as... with adjectives and adverbs to say that two things are
similar or equal.
Use [n o tl ...as... as... with adjectives and adverbs to talk about the
differences between two things,
a
Use modifiers [m uch, n ot m uch, a lot, far, a b it I to change the meaning of
your comparison.
comparative form can be repeated to show that a situation is changing.

8a G R O U P W OR K Discuss how you

are sim ilar and different. Talk
about the following topics.

things that worry you

things that make you annoyed
things that scare you
things that bore you

8b Report about your group to the

class.

am g e ttin g b e tte r and b e tte r a t English.

Superlatives

^1

-dd -esf to the same adjectives that take -erin the comparative.
Spelling rules, see Workbook, page 107]
Use the in front of superlative adjectives in most cases.
_se the m o st with adjectives and adverbs of two syllables or more.

Will is not as worried about

global warming as the rest of
us.
The thing that annoys us most
is parents who don't trust you.
Leila is far more scared of
spiders than the others.

Z:^ m on irregular adjectives are:

::::

b e tte r the best, bad w orse the w orst, fa r fa rth e r the fa rth e s t

3et the Grammar, Daae 14

and listen to
/

Ch a

riff

" 'H . I

iM

ifiQ

/;

tf

I.

i -

ASKING FOR OPINIONS

GIVING OPINIONS

AGREEING AND DISAGREEING

What do you think (of / about)...?

I feel... I think... I believe... In my opinion...

I agree. Me, too./Me, neither. Sure.

Whats your opinion (of I about)...?

I think we should... / It would be better if..

Good idea. It depends. I dont agree.

How do you feel about...?

It seems to me... I reckon...

Im not sure about that.

SAYING HOW MUCH YOU KNOW

TALKING ABOUT LIKES AND DISLIKES

I know a bit about... I dont know much about...

I can't stand it when... It annoys me if... I find it... It doesn't bother me if... I don't mind if..

A sticky problem
1 a P A IR W O R K Discuss these questions.

1b Read the article below. Do you agree with

any of the interview ees? W h y? W hy not?

Do you chew gum? How do you dispose of it?

How do most people dispose of it?
Do you think that spitting out gum in the street is anti-social?
How can the problem of discarded gum be reduced?

1c Look at the article again and underline

the phrases they use to express their
opinions.

Did you know th a t 2 0 m illion people in th e

UK chew gum every year? And th a t cleaning it o ff th e
pavem ents costs over 150m ? So should discarding
gum in th e streets be m ad e a crim inal offence? W e
asked people in th e street fo r th eir opinions.

D A V I D S A F O R O stu d e n t
I don't chew gum very often. When
I do, I guess I usually drop it in the
road. In my opinion dropping gum
isn't any worse
than dropping
cigarettes or food wrappers. It's all rubbish, isn't it?
So why pick on people who chew gum?
ST EVE C L A R K shop assistan t
I don't think it's a big deal, really. I like chewing gum.
It's cool. You can't always find a bin so I just spit it out in
the street. Who wants to walk around with old gum in
their pocket? As I see it, spitting out gum shouldn't be
made a crime. That's really over the top.
A N Y A P E T K A office worker
I can't stand seeing gum in the streets. It just makes the streets look a total
mess. And if you tread in it, it's awful. I mean, how do you get it off your shoes?
It's disgusting. I think people who drop gum in the street should be arrested.

2a

4 Listen to Ju lie , Rita and Alan

and w rite their names after the
summaries. There is one extra
opinion.

Cleaning up gum is extremely

expensive and people should be
fined._____
Dropping gum in the streets is an
ugly habit and people should have
to clean it up themselves._____
Dropping gum is not a serious issue
and people should worry about the
important things._____
People who drop gum make the
streets ugly and the police ought to
fine them._____

Making the punishm ent fit the crime

4a 5 Listen to Silas, Rachel and Aisha and answ er the questions.
1 What has happened to Luke?
2 Why did it happen?
3 Whats going to happen next?

2b Listen again and note the

expressions they use to give
their opinions.

Vocabulary: punishment
3a PAIRWORK Note as many
different types of punishment
as you can think of.
3b Complete the sentences with
these words.
community service I fine I probation I
suspended sentence I bail I sentence

1 After being found guilty. Tara

received a prison________ of six
months.
2 A teenager was sentenced to 200
hours________ for drawing
graffiti. His duties will include
cleaning graffiti-covered walls.

4b 6 Listen to the rest of the conversation and decide who...

1 ...
2 ...
3 ...
4 ...
5 ...

4c Listen again and tick the expressions you hear f r o r the File .
5 GROUPWORK Discuss these situations and d e c is e what
punishment would be appropriate in each case. Use
expressions from the File.

3 After his arrest, Mr Ahmed was

released o n ________ of 10,000.
His trial will be in three weeks'
time.

A 20-year-old man drove a car after drinking three pints of beer.

An 18-year-old woman took an illegal drug at a disco.
A 17-year-old youth stabbed another teenager with a knife after an
argument. The victim was seriously hurt.

4 An 18-year-old student had to pay

a ________ of 500 for driving
offences.

Three 15-year-old boys stole mobile phones from younger students.

A 20-year-old student sold drugs to fellow students at university.

5 As it was Richards first offence, he

was put o n ________ . He mustnt
get into trouble during the next six
months.
6 Louise was given a two-year
________ . If she re-offends in the
next twelve months, she will have
to go to prison for two years.

thinks that Luke should lose his driving licence.

disagrees strongly with Aisha.
doesnt express a strong opinion.
has been in an accident because of drink driving.
thinks that Luke should only pay a fine.

A 22-year-old woman stole a dress from a high-class boutique.

Two 16-year-old youths stole a car and then drove it at high speeds.
A 25-year-old unemployed man stole food from a supermarket. He
had been caught shoplifting once before for taking a bottle of whisky.

L I N K S Real communication p 74

Obligation must, have to

Advice had b e tte r

1 Underline the correct alternative.

l* Give advice to the people in these situations. Give an

1 This is a smoke-free zone. You mustnt I dont

have to smoke in here.

2 Stella mustn't / doesnt have to pay a big fine.
The police said it was only a minor offence.
3 Children under 16 can go into a pub, but they

mustnt / dont have to drink alcohol. It's

against the law.
4 Lisa mustnt / doesn't have to leave home. Her
parents arent making her.
5 You mustn't / don't have to leave your luggage
unattended at an airport.

explanation if appropriate.
1 A friend of yours wants to drive home from a party. Hes been
drinking.
Voud te tte r not drive. It will be dangerous.
2 A friend isnt studying for her exams.
3 Your 15-year-old sister wants to go on holiday with her
mates.
4 Someone has stolen your friends bag.
5 A friend is going to England to study English.
6 A friend has bought a new MP3 player. It doesnt work
properly.

6 Rikki mustn't / doesn't have to steal things. He

isnt short of money.
2 Complete the sentences using the correct
form of must / have to and the words in
brackets.
1 W e________ (not forget) to buy some tickets
for the concert.
2 I got a job last summer which was cool.
Unfortunately, I ________ (wear) a uniform!
3 A ________ (you, take) a taxi to the airport

Comparatives and superlatives

5 Write the questions. Then work in pairs. Take it in
turns to ask and answer the questions.
1 what / interesting book / read?

Whafs the most interesting book youve ever read ?

2 what / dangerous thing / do?
3 where / beautiful place / visit?
4 who / inspiring person / meet?
5 what / expensive thing / buy?

tomorrow?

6 what / difficult subject / study?

B No, Liam said hes going to drive me.

7 who / funny person / know?

4 You________ (turn off) your mobile phones

during the exam.
5 I ________ (not do) any English homework at
the weekend. Our teacher was sick on Friday.
6 You________ (not translate) everything. I can
understand English, you know.
7 Jack________ (buy) Pete a new camera after
he lost his old one.
8 You________ (not park) your car on a double
yellow line. Everybody knows that.

Advice should, ought to

3 Write two pieces of advice for each of the
following problems. They can be positive or
negative.
1 I can never find anything in my room.

Vou ought to tidy your room.

Vou shouldnt leave your room in such a
mess.
2 When I get home I cant stop thinking about
college. Im really worried about my exams!
3 I never arrive on time for my first lesson.
4 I cant concentrate at school. The person next
to me is always talking.

8 what / exciting film / see?

6 Write six sentences about your neighbourhood. How is
it changing?
The traffic is getting a lot heavier.
People ore becoming much noisier.
7 Complete the sentences with a comparative or
superlative adverb. Use these adjectives.
quiet I careful I slow I quick I fluent 1bad I hard I early
1 Can you speak_______ ? I really can't follow.
2 Theyre closing the boarding gate. Can you w alk_______ ?
3 Ryan speaks German_______ of all the students in his class.
4 Im really busy at the moment. Tuesday is _______ I can see
you.
5 Can you play that game_______ ? I cant hear myself think.
6 Sammy ought to ride his motorbike_______ .
7 These days I'm sleeping really_______ . I just feel so tired.
8 Theyre all good students, but Marisa studies_______ .

DVD film i, Knifeandguncrime

CD-ROM Vocabulary, Grammar, Pronunciation, Exam Practice
WORKBOOK page 106