Stat

21 Instructor : Shobhana M. Stoyanov

Fall 2013

Chap 13 & 14 Review problems solution

Chapter 13

1. (a) False (probability is between 0 and 1, chances between 0% and 100%)

(b) True (the event happens about 9 times out of 10)
2. Option (i) is better: you only have to jump one hurdle and not 2

3. Option (ii): there are more ways to win.

4. The probability is equal to

!
!"

!
!"

!
!"

!
!"

!
!"

!
!,!!!,!!!

5. Yes. If Ticket is white -> there are 2 chances out of 3 to get number 1, and 1
chance to get 8

6. (a) True
(b) True (see example 2 on page 226)
(c) False (the two events are dependent. The probability is 1/52 1/51)

7. (a)False
(b)False
(c) True
! !

(Both sequences are equally likely, having chance ! )

8. (a) P(all roll show 3 or more spots) = ( 3 ) !
because each trow is independent of the others.
!
Then, 3 = 3, 4, 5, 6 = !
(4 possibilities out of 6)
Finally, P(all roll show 3 or more spots)= 4/6 !

(b) P(none shows 3 or more)=P(all show 2 or less) = P(all show 1, or 2)= 2/6 !
(similarly as before)

(c) P(NOT all rolls show 3 or more)=1-P(all rolls show 3 or more)=1-(answer in
(a)) = 1 4/6 !

9. Really similarly than in exercise 8:
(a)P(getting 10 sixes)=P(getting 10 at each attempt)= 1/6 !"
(b)P(not getting 10 sixes)=1- P(getting 10 sixes)= 1 1/6 !"
(c) P(all rolls show 5 or less spots) = 5/6 !"

Stat 21 Instructor : Shobhana M. Stoyanov

Fall 2013

10. Option (ii) is better. You have the same 50-50 chance of winning 1 dollar, but you
cant loose.
11. Yes. The way is to define the following tickets:
1 1 ; 1 2 ; 1 2 ; 1 3 ; 3 1 ; 3 2 ; 3 2 ; 3 3

12.

!,!!!,!!!
!"" !! !"

The probability is equal to

Chapter 14

1. (a) The probability is

3 = 3 3 =
!
!

= 1/36
!
!
5we can multiply since they are independent.

(b)P(both show the same number)=P(both are 1 OR both are 2 OR both are 3
OR.OR both are 6)=P(both are 1)+P(both are 2)+ +P(both are 6)

= 6

!
!

! = !"

(We can add all the probabilities for different possibilities because the events
defining the different possibilities are mutually exclusive (they cant happen at
the same time))

2. From figure 1 in chapter 14, the chance is 2/36

3. (a) False. These events are not mutually exclusive.

(b) False. Same thing.

4. Option (i) is better; Even if you miss the first time, you get a second try at the
money.

5. (a) False. This is always false in the general case . They give you here
probabilities to verify it: P(A and B)=P(A)P(B) 0, so theyre not mutually
exclusive. The only case where it could be true is the case where one probability
of A or of B is equal to 0.
(b) True. This is always true.
If they are mutually exclusive, the probability of both happening is 0, so there is a
dependence between them, a really strong one. (if one is happening, then the other one
happening puts the probability to 0 directly)

6. If you want to find the chance that at least of of two events happens, check if they
are mutually exclusive. If they are, you can add the chances.
If you want to find the chance that both events will happen, check to see if they
are independent; if so, you can multiply the chances.

7. P(2 is drawn at least
once)=1 2 = 1 2 ! = 1 3/5 !

Stat 21 Instructor : Shobhana M. Stoyanov

Fall 2013

(we can multiply because independent, since there is replacement)
(It is like Chevalier de Mr, but you really dont need it to compute the
probability)

8. 100%. You cant avoid it.
9. You can draw a picture like figure 1 to see all the possibilities. Then, you see all
the possibilities verifying each event you re interested in, and add the
probabilities, since the different possibilities are mutually exclusive.
(a) the good outcomes are 2 1, 3 1, 3 2. Probability=3/12=25%
(b) 3/12=25%
(c) 100% -(25%+25%)=50%

10. Option (ii) is better. There are 60 rolls, and 60 drawson each roll you have 2
chances in 6 to win 1 dollar, and 4 chances in 6 to get nothing; but on each draw;
you have 3 chances in 6 to win 1 dollar and 3 chances in 6 to win nothing.

11. (a) 13/52 12/51 11/50
(b) 39/52 38/51 37/50
(c) P(not all diamonds)=1-P(all diamonds)=1-(answer (a))

12. Both statements are true. Getting ten heads in a row is very unlikely. But If you
get nine heads in a row, the chance is 50% to get a tenth head.

13. By trial and error (0.98)!" 0.503, and (0.98)!" 0.493. With 34 draws, there
is 49.3 % chance of getting a red marble; with 35 draws, the chance is 50.3%. The
answer is 35.

14. The chances are the same. Each ticket has the same small chance of winning. If
you win the grand prize with one ticket, you cant win the grand prize with the
other ticket. So, buying the two different tickets doubles the chance, since you can
apply the addition rule.