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BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
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GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
Course Outline
1.About
Multiband-Multilayer
This Course Optimization
4. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
Course
outline Multilayer Network Architecture 3JK11166AAAAWBZZA
1. Multiband
Technical support
2. Algorithms and Associated Parameters 5.3JK11167AAAAWBZZA
Topic/Section is Positioned Here
Course objectives
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
Course Objectives
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Welcome to BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
Note: Radio Network Planning issues like micro site detection, site planning, frequency planning is
not included.
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
Technical Reference
(1) 24.348.98 Points you to the exact section of Alcatel-Lucent Technical Practices
where you can find more information on the topic being discussed.
Warning
Alerts you to instances where non-compliance could result in equipment damage or
personal injury.
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
10
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
Self-assessment of Objectives
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At the end of each
Course title :
Please, return this
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Location :
Instructional objectives
1
Yes (or
globally
yes)
No (or
globally
no)
To be able to XXX
2
11
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
Comments
12
Yes (or
Globally
yes)
No (or
globally
no)
Comments
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
Other comments
Section 1
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization
Module 1
Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
3JK11166AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
GSM BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Blank Page
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
YYYY-MM-DD
First edition
11
Objectives
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
Objectives [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
Table of Contents
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
Page
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
7
11
17
20
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
Coverage increase
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Since B7:
11
History of Features
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
11
10
for:
Capacity increase
Coverage increase
Indoor solution
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
11
Since year 2000, quite all new MSs include the multi-band feature
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Default values of parameters have aggressive values : because penetration rate was low, pushing 1800 MS towards
1800 band was a priority.
In a mono-layer network
In a Multi-layer network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
12
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
13
Cell Environment
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
Conventional:
Single cell
Concentric cell
Extended cell
Multiband cell
Indoor cell
Micro cell
Mini cell
Umbrella cell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
14
Cell Profile
11
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Extended cell : different than the concentric cells ! Made up of two different cells, with 2 BCCH : the inner cell
can cover MS up to 35km, and the outer cell can cover MS between 35km and 70km.
Difference between PGSM and EGSM :
PGSM : primary GSM :
890915 Mhz
935960 Mhz
880915 MHz
925960 Mhz
Exercise
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
11
16
Link the logical cell types (as defined in the OMC-R) with
the cell profile parameters.
Cell Type
Cell Dimension
Type
Umbrella
Mini
Micro
Indoor
5 minutes
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
A cell's profile parameters define the behaviour of handovers from and toward this cell : certain handovers are
available only for "UPPER" cells or "MICRO" cells.
Parameters
Cell Profile
Cell dimension
type
Cell layer
type
Cell partition
type
11
Cell
range
Cell band
type
Frequency range
Macro
Single
Normal
Normal
GSM
PGSM or EGSM
Macro
Single
Normal
Normal
DCS
DCS1800 or DCS1900
Micro
Lower
Normal
Normal
GSM
PGSM or EGSM
Micro
Lower
Normal
Normal
DCS
DCS1800 or DCS1900
Macro
Lower
Normal
Normal
GSM
PGSM or EGSM
Macro
Lower
Normal
Normal
DCS
DCS1800 or DCS1900
Macro
Upper
Normal
Normal
GSM
PGSM or EGSM
Macro
Upper
Normal
Normal
DCS
DCS1800 or DCS1900
Macro
Single
Normal
Extended-inner
GSM
PGSM or EGSM
Macro
Single
Normal
Extended-inner
DCS
DCS1800 or DCS1900
Macro
Single
Normal
Extended-outer
GSM
PGSM or EGSM
Macro
Single
Normal
Extended-outer
DCS
DCS1800 or DCS1900
Macro
Single
Concentric
Normal
GSM
PGSM or EGSM
Macro
Single
Concentric
Normal
DCS
DCS1800 or DCS1900
Macro
Upper
Concentric
Normal
GSM
PGSM or EGSM
Macro
Upper
Concentric
Normal
DCS
DCS1800 or DCS1900
Micro
Indoor
Normal
Normal
GSM
PGSM or EGSM
Micro
Indoor
Normal
Normal
DCS
DCS1800 or DCS1900
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
17
Parameters
Cell Profile
11
Cell range
Frequency range
Macro
Single
Concentric
Normal
GSM
PGSM-DCS1800 or
EGSM-DCS1800
Macro
Single
Concentric
Normal
DCS
PGSM-DCS1800 or
EGSM-DCS1800
Micro
Lower
Concentric
Normal
GSM
PGSM-DCS1800 or
EGSM-DCS1800
Micro
Lower
Concentric
Normal
DCS
PGSM-DCS1800 or
EGSM-DCS1800
Macro
Lower
Concentric
Normal
GSM
PGSM-DCS1800 or
EGSM-DCS1800
Macro
Lower
Concentric
Normal
DCS
PGSM-DCS1800 or
EGSM-DCS1800
Macro
Upper
Concentric
Normal
GSM
PGSM-DCS1800 or
EGSM-DCS1800
Macro
Upper
Concentric
Normal
DCS
PGSM-DCS1800 or
EGSM-DCS1800
Micro
Indoor
Concentric
Normal
GSM
PGSM-DCS1800 or
EGSM-DCS1800
Micro
Indoor
Concentric
Normal
DCS
PGSM-DCS1800 or
EGSM-DCS1800
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
18
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
19
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
20
Concept
11
21
umbrella
mini
mini
umbrella
micro
micro
indoor
umbrella
micro
micro
indoor
UPPER
SINGLE
single
LOWER
INDOOR
All these cells can be or not operating in the same band and defined as
concentric cells
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
3 layers are defined in the system, but more "virtual" layers can be created by parameter tuning.
Microcell Classes
11
22
Border Microcell
Inner Microcell
Hotspot Microcell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Indoor Microcell
Defining microcell classes is a very efficient way to set network parameters. It avoids defining a specific
configuration for each cell.
Mono-layer architecture
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
11
23
900
1800
1800
In a separate layer
900
900
900
mini1800
mini1800
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
All examples in this document will be using 900 as an historical band and 1800 as a new band (thus preferred
band).
All other network configurations are anyway possible.
The dual layer configuration is interesting in case the dual band implementation strategy is traffic driven due to a
low penetration rate of multi-band MSs.
A dual layer allows for example, for a multi-band MS located in a 900 cell, to discriminate its behavior between a
Forced Directed Retry and an emergency HO. 1800 neighboring cells can be favored for a FDR whereas 900
neighboring cells will be preferred on an emergency HO.
A dual layer also allows to decide the MS transfer from 900 to 1800 band on speed criterion instead of on traffic
criterion if needed (macro 1800 hot spot for instance).
11
24
900
900
900
900
1800
1800
900
900
mini1800
900
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
900
In the first configuration, the major difficulty is to manage 900-1800 interworking in the upper layer. But once it
is done, it is the simplest solution to manage.
In the second configuration, the operator has to deal with priority between the preferred cells: mini or micro? For
both selections in idle mode and capture from the upper layer. A lot of handovers might occur, and it requires
more engineering analysis ressources
11
GSM 900 macrocell as a pool of traffic resources when the preferred cell is
congested
900
Traffic
based
handover
1800
Directed retry
Emergency Handover
1
900
Initial access
2
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
25
11
GSM 900 & 1800 macrocell as a pool of traffic resources when the preferred
cell is congested
900
Traffic
based
handover
1800
Directed retry
Emergency Handover
2
900
Initial access
1
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
26
11
1800
900
1800
900
900
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
27
4 Requirements
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
28
4 Requirements
Multi-layer architecture
Note : Any BTS can be declared with the cell type = MICRO
Multi-band architecture
Hardware :
B5.1 : G2 BSC can manage TRXs from different bands
B6.2 : 1 Evolium BTS supports TRXs from different bands within one cell
B7 : 1 cell can be split over 2 BTS's (TRX 900 and TRX 1800 in different BTS's
possible)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
29
4 Requirements
11
30
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Constraints :
Maximal number of TRX per cell is 16.
Maximal number of cabinets between which a given cell is shared is 2.
Cabinets between which a cell is shared are clock synchronised in a master / slave onfiguration
Such clock synchronisation between BTSs in master / slave mode is possible both between A9100 BTSs and
between A9100 BTSs and BTSs of previous generations.
Exercise
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
Give
15 minutes
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
31
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
32
End of Module
Multiband Multilayer Network Architecture
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
33
Section 1
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization
Module 2
Algorithms and Associated Parameters
3JK11167AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
GSM BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Blank Page
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
YYYY-MM-DD
First edition
Objectives
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
Objectives [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
Table of Contents
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
Page
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1 Introduction
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
1 Introduction
Justification
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
1 Introduction
Typing Conventions
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
SYSTEM PARAMETERS (can be set at the OMC-R level) will always be written
in BLUE BOLD FONT
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
10
Purpose
12
Neighboring cells list is sent to the MS regularly and contains all BCCH
800
800
20
20
798
798
45
45
805
805
22
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
MS shall measure the BCCH of neighbor cells and decode their BSIC at least once every 10 seconds.
11
Idle Mode
12
12
805
805
20
20
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Dedicated Mode
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
805
805
20
20
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
Multi-band configuration
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
14
Which ever is the band of the current cell, the MS can receive BCCH list
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Note : on the OMC-R "cell edit" screen, this parameter is named "EN_INTERBAND_HO".
Cell Monitoring
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
15
N1 : (BSIC, RXLEV)
N2 : (BSIC, RXLEV)
N3 : (BSIC, RXLEV)
N4 : (BSIC, RXLEV)
N5 : (BSIC, RXLEV)
N6 : (BSIC, RXLEV)
805
805
cells
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
MEASUREMENT REPORT is sent on the UL SACCH of the dedicated TCH, every 480ms.
12
16
Reported neighbors from each band can be forced thanks to the cell
parameter :
MULTIBAND_REPORTING
4 possible values
Default value:
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
For a multi band MS, the number of cells per freq band which shall be included in the measurement report is
indicated by the parameter MULTIBAND_REPORTING, broadcast on BCCH.
An MS attached to GPRS shall use the parameter broadcast on BCCH. The parameter may also be sent to the MS
on SACCH.
The meaning of different values of the parameter is specified as follows:
Value
Meaning
00
Normal reporting of the six strongest cells, with known and allowed NCC part of BSIC, irrespective
of the band used.
01
The MS shall report the strongest cell, with known and allowed NCC part of BSIC, in each of the
frequency bands in the BA list, excluding the frequency band of the serving cell. The remaining positions in the
measurement report shall be used for reporting of cells in the band of the serving cell. If there are still
remaining positions, these shall be used to report the next strongest identified cells in the other bands
irrespective of the band used.
10
The MS shall report the two strongest cells, with known and allowed NCC part of BSIC, in each of
the frequency bands in the BA list, excluding the frequency band of the serving cell. The remaining positions in
the measurement report shall be used for reporting of cells in the band of the serving cell. If there are still
remaining positions, these shall be used to report the next strongest identified cells in the other bands
irrespective of the band used.
11
The MS shall report the three strongest cells, with known and allowed NCC part of BSIC, in each
of the frequency bands in the BA list, excluding the frequency band of the serving cell. The remaining positions
in the measurement report shall be used for reporting of cells in the band of the serving cell. If there are still
remaining positions, these shall be used to report the next strongest identified cells in the other bands
irrespective of the band used.
All Rights Reserved 2007, Alcatel-Lucent
3JK11167AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
Section 1 Module 2 Page 16
12
17
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
A special care must be taken when defining the list of neighboring cells
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
18
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
19
Strategy
12
20
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
21
C1 criterion < 0
The MS cannot decode downlink signalling blocks of Paging Channel
The current cell is becoming forbidden (e.g. barred)
A random access attempt is still unsuccessful after "Max retrans" repetitions
MS detects the network has failed authentication check
There is a better cell, regarding C2 criterion
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
If SDCCH is seized for something else (e.g., MOC), the MS may reselect (this is up to the MS vendor
choice!!!). Some MSs do nothing. Call will never be possible. Some others do reselect. In that case, the user has
to reattempt his call (after the reselection, but before the MS is back to the original cell due to better C2, etc.
(done after 5 s, etc.)).
12
The MS selects the suitable (C1 > 0) cell with the highest C1 belonging
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
22
12
23
25
25
microcell
CELL_BAR_QUALIFY = 0
20
20
macrocell
CELL_BAR_QUALIFY = 1
The MS will select the microcell (if available, C1>0), whatever the level
of the macrocell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
WARNING:
12
24
usage of CELL_BAR_QUALIFY:
Some MSs will be able to access it, whatever the value of CELL_BAR_ACCESS
CELL_BAR
QUALIFY
CELL_BAR
ACCESS
normal
normal
barred
barred
low
low
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
NOTE 1: Two identical semantics are used for cross phase compatibility reasons. This allows an operator to
declare a cell always as a low priority one for a phase 2 MS, but keeps the opportunity for an operator to
decide whether a phase 1 MS is permitted to camp on such a cell or not.
Because phase-1 MS do not support this feature, it is recommended to keep cell bar qualify = 0.
Also, some early phase-2 MS do not handle this parameter properly.
This is only useful during selection (switching the MS, before C1 computation). Afterwards, only reselection will
take place.
C1 Criterion
C1
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN [dBm]
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH [dBm]
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
25
C1 Criterion [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
C1
A = RxLev - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
B = MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH - P
P maximum power of MS
assess that the BTS received level will be sufficient
if MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH < P
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
C1 is computed for each neighbor, using the parameters broadcasted in each neighbor !
For cell a and cell b :
C1(a) = RxLev - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN(a) max(0,MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH(a)- P)
C1(b) = RxLev - RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN(b) - max(0,MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH(b)- P)
12
26
C2 Criterion
C2
C2=C1
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
27
C2 Criterion [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
28
C2
If CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND= present
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET used to favor a cell among other (e.g. microcell vs. umbrella, once T > PENALTY_TIME)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Step size = 20s. 0: 20s, 1: 40s, ..., 30: 620s, 31: TEMPORARY OFFSET ignored and cell_RESELECT_OFFSET has a
negative value
This formula is very useful to favor an indoor cell or a microcell.
C2 Criterion [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
29
C2
If CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND= present
C2 = C1 - CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Step size = 20s. 0: 20s, 1: 40s, ..., 30: 620s, 31: TEMPORARY OFFSET ignored and cell_RESELECT_OFFSET has a
negative value
This formula is very useful to favor an indoor cell or a microcell.
C2 Criterion [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
30
C2 Parameters
CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND
PENALTY_TIME
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
TEMPORARY_OFFSET
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
31
Applications
MINI
MINI
12
MINI 900
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN = -94dBm
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 16 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
32
UMB
UMB
UMBRELLA 900
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN = -104dBm
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 0 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
MS in Idle Mode
RxLev(Mini) = -70dBm C2(Mini) =
RxLev(Umb) = -65dBm C2(Umb) =
=> Which cell is favored in Idle Mode ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Applications [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
MINI
MINI
12
MINI 1800
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN = -85dBm
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 23 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
MINI
MINI
MINI 900
RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN = -104dBm
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 0 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
MS in Idle Mode
RxLev(M900) = -70dBm C2(M900) =
RxLev(M1800) = -72dBm C2(M1800) =
=> Which cell is favored in Idle Mode ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
33
CRO Tuning
In a multi-band network :
Differences in TRX output power
TRX 1800 MP (TRADE) = 45.4 dBm
TRX 900 MP (TRAGE) = 46.5 dBm
On a same path :
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Average propagation loss = difference in path loss + difference in TRX output power = 10dB approx.
12
34
12
Therefore, a 1800 cell will provide less coverage than a 900 cell
Delta = 8~10dB
Less traffic is carried by 1800 cells (more capacity available)
For this reason, CRO is used to advantage 1800 cells over 900 cells.
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
35
Exercise
TEMPORARY_OFFSET(umbrella) = 0dB
PENALTY_TIME(umbrella) = 20s
TEMPORARY_OFFSET(micro) = 20dB
PENALTY_TIME(micro) = 40s (def.)
2 minutes
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
36
4 Call Setup
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
37
4 Call Setup
Principles
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
Lower layers
Preferred band
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
38
4 Call Setup
12
39
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
When a MS camps on a cell in Idle mode, it will perform call setup on this cell (and all other procedures : location
update, SMS, etc.).
4 Call Setup
Algorithms Principles
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
Traffic
increase
Old capacity
New capacity
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
40
4 Call Setup
Traffic
increase
12
Old capacity
New capacity
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
As seen earlier :
Cell Selection & Reselection can favor new cells
Handovers can capture traffic from old cells and push it to new cells
41
4 Call Setup
Traffic
increase
12
42
Water Pump:
Forced
Directed Retry and
Fast Traffic
handover
Old capacity
New capacity
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
By sending too much traffic on new cells, there is a risk of congestion. It can be avoided by Forced Directed Retry
and Fast Traffic HO.
4 Call Setup
12
43
A Directed Retry:
SDCCH to TCH intercell handover
Triggered during a call setup procedure
MS
Serving
Cell
Target
Cell
MSC
BSC
SDCCH
SDCCH Assignment
Assignment Phase
Phase
(SDCCH)
SDCCH
SDCCH Phase
Phase
Assignment Request
Channel
Activation
ack
HO Command
(TCH)
T11
HO Access
Handover
Handover
HO Complete
Assignment Complete
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Serving cell is
congested, waiting to
find a neighbor cell
4 Call Setup
Normal
Normal Directed
Directed Retry
Retry
12
Forced
Forced Directed
Directed Retry
Retry
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
44
4 Call Setup
12
45
HO detected
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
2) Whenever no TCH resource is available on A-bis interface for a forced or normal internal directed retry.
(not valid in B7)
EN_EXT_DR : enables/disables the Outgoing External Directed Retry procedure (on a per BSC basis)
4 Call Setup
12
46
AV_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) >> L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n)
L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n)
And
EN_FORCED_DR
=
ENABLED
And EN_FORCED_DR = ENABLED
AV_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) is calculated for each neighbor (neighbor's BCCH), and compared to the
L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) of this neighbor, within the BSC.
4 Call Setup
FDR Parameters
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
neighboring cell n
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
47
4 Call Setup
Managing DR Parameters
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
Normal DR
Pro's: no radio problem as MS's remain within the service area of the new
serving cell
Con's: poor probability of happening, as MS is already camping on the best
server cell
Forced DR
Umbrella cell
capture
FDR
Micro cell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
48
4 Call Setup
Access Strategy
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
49
4 Call Setup
Exercise
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
Time
allowed:
10 minutes
Microcells
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
50
5 Handover Strategies
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
51
5 Handover Strategies
Objectives
12
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
52
5 Handover Strategies
Objectives [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
53
5 Handover Strategies
Handover Algorithms
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
management
Standard Handovers
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
54
5 Handover Strategies
Functional Entities
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
BTS
12
55
BSC
Radio
Link
Measurements
Active
Channel
Pre-processing
HO Detection
HO Candidate
Cell Evaluation
HO
management
HO
protocol
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
MSC
5 Handover Strategies
HO Causes
12
Standard HO causes
EM
BC
cause 2
cause 3
cause 4
cause 5
cause 6
cause 15
cause 16
cause 26
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
cause 12
cause 23
cause 27
cause 28
cause 29
cause 20
:
:
:
:
:
:
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
These causes will always work, whether the network is monoband monolayer, or multiband multilayer.
56
5 Handover Strategies
HO Causes [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
57
cause 10
cause 11
cause 7
EM
cause 17
BC
:
:
:
:
cause 18 :
cause 13
cause 14
cause 21
cause 24
:
:
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
5 Handover Strategies
HO Causes Priority
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
cause 7
cause 17
cause 18
cause 2
cause 3
cause 4
cause 5
cause 6
cause 10
cause 11
cause 26
cause 15
cause 16
cause 21
cause 14
cause 24
cause 12
cause 23
cause 13
cause 27
cause 20
cause 28
EM
BC
12
58
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
The handover causes are checked with the priority order defined here.
The better condition causes 21, 14, 24, 12 and 23 have the same priority. For each cell in the list of possible
candidate cells is associated a cause.
If a cell is in the candidate cells list because of 2 different causes, only the one with the highest priority in the
ordered list (cause 21, cause 14, cause 24, cause 12 and cause 23) in which cause 21 has the highest priority is
kept.
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
59
cause 2
cause 3
cause 4
cause 5
cause 6
May be triggered
From any serving cell (any band, any zone, any layer)
Towards any neighbour, except the serving cell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
60
12
61
QUAL
LEV
AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO
AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO >> L_RXQUAL_UL_H
L_RXQUAL_UL_H ++ OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
and
and AV_RXLEV_UL_HO
AV_RXLEV_UL_HO <=
<= RXLEV_UL_IH
RXLEV_UL_IH
and
and MS_TXPWR
MS_TXPWR == min
min (P,
(P, MS_TXPWR_MAX)
MS_TXPWR_MAX)
and
and EN_RXQUAL_UL=
EN_RXQUAL_UL= ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
62
QUAL
LEV
AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO
AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO <=
<= L_RXQUAL_UL_H
L_RXQUAL_UL_H ++ OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
and
and AV_RXLEV_UL_HO
AV_RXLEV_UL_HO << L_RXLEV_UL_H
L_RXLEV_UL_H
and
and MS_TXPWR
MS_TXPWR == min
min (P,
(P, MS_TXPWR_MAX)
MS_TXPWR_MAX)
and
and EN_RXLEV_UL=
EN_RXLEV_UL= ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
QUAL
LEV
AV_RXQUAL_DL_HO
AV_RXQUAL_DL_HO >> L_RXQUAL_DL_H
L_RXQUAL_DL_H ++ OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
and
and AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO <=
<= RXLEV_DL_IH
RXLEV_DL_IH
and
and BS_TXPWR
BS_TXPWR == BS_TXPWR_MAX
BS_TXPWR_MAX
and
and EN_RXQUAL_DL
EN_RXQUAL_DL == ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
63
12
64
QUAL
LEV
AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO
AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO <=
<= L_RXQUAL_DL_H
L_RXQUAL_DL_H ++ OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
and
and AV_RXLEV_UL_HO
AV_RXLEV_UL_HO << L_RXLEV_DL_H
L_RXLEV_DL_H
and
and BS_TXPWR
BS_TXPWR == BS_TXPWR_MAX
BS_TXPWR_MAX
and
and EN_RXLEV_DL=
EN_RXLEV_DL= ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
65
AV_RANGE_HO
AV_RANGE_HO >> U_TIME_ADVANCE
U_TIME_ADVANCE
and
and EN_DIST_HO
EN_DIST_HO == ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
This cause is used when a dominant cell provides a lot of scattered coverages inside other cells, due to
propagation conditions of the operational network. These spurious coverages is the probable production of a high
level of co-channel interference.
This cause is different from the others as it is more preventive. It does not make use of the propagation
conditions of a call. It just does not allow an MS to talk to a BTS if it is too far away.
It may happen for example that some peculiar propagation conditions exist at one point in time that provide
exceptional quality and level although the serving BTS is far and another is closer and should be the one the
mobile should be connected to if the conditions were normal.
It may then happen that these exceptional conditions suddenly drop and the link is lost, which would not have
happened if the mobile had been connected to the closest cell. For these reasons also, this cause does not wait
for the power control to react.
12
66
cause 15
cause 16
May be triggered
From any serving cell (any band, any zone, any layer)
Towards only the serving cell
Note : If the MS is on a non-hopping TRX, the BSC will tend to allocate a TCH
on another TRX.
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO
AV_RXQUAL_UL_HO >> THR_RXQUAL_CAUSE_15
THR_RXQUAL_CAUSE_15 ++ OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
and
and AV_RXLEV_UL_HO
AV_RXLEV_UL_HO >> RXLEV_UL_IH
RXLEV_UL_IH
and
and EN_CAUSE_15
EN_CAUSE_15 == ENABLED
ENABLED
and
and [[ no
no previous
previous intracell
intracell handover
handover for
for this
this connection
connection failed
failed
or
EN_INTRACELL_REPEATED
=
or EN_INTRACELL_REPEATED = ENABLED
ENABLED ]]
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
THR_RXQUAL_CAUSE_15 and EN_CAUSE_15 are not parameters but variables defined just after.
67
12
AV_RXQUAL_DL_HO
AV_RXQUAL_DL_HO >> THR_RXQUAL_CAUSE_16
THR_RXQUAL_CAUSE_16 ++ OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
OFFSET_RXQUAL_FH
and
and AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO >> RXLEV_DL_IH
RXLEV_DL_IH
and
and EN_CAUSE_16
EN_CAUSE_16 == ENABLED
ENABLED
and
and [[ no
no previous
previous intracell
intracell handover
handover for
for this
this connection
connection failed
failed
or
EN_INTRACELL_REPEATED
=
ENABLED
]
or EN_INTRACELL_REPEATED = ENABLED ]
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
THR_RXQUAL_CAUSE_16 and EN_CAUSE_16 are not parameters but variables defined after.
68
B10
12
69
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
XX = UL or DL
For a non AMR call, the thresholds used are identical to the ones used for CAUSE 2 and CAUSE 4.
In this case and if EN_INTRACELL_REPEATED = DISABLED, when a HO CAUSE 15 (or 16) fails, it can be modified as
UPLINK (or DOWLINK) QUALITY, HO CAUSE 2 (respectively HO CAUSE 4).
With the introduction of AMR Wide Band, in B10, specific thresholds have been defined for Cause 15 and Cause 16
of an AMR WB call.
INNER
OUTE
R
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
70
12
Definition of PBGT HO :
MS Speed FAST
MS Speed = FAST
Single
Single or Upper
Single or Upper
Upper
Single or Upper
Single or Upper
Lower
Lower
Upper or Lower
Indoor
Indoor
Upper or Indoor
71
12
72
Definition of PBGT HO :
Any
GSM
DCS
Any
DCS
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
The cell band type is an internal variable in the BSC, it depends on the BCCH frequency only. Therefore a
multiband cell has a cell band type = GSM if the outer zone is in GSM900.
12
73
Definition of PBGT HO :
Any
GSM-DCS
DCS
Any
GSM-DCS
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Serving cell is a multiband cell : Band type depends on the BCCH frequency.
12
74
If EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = disable
Single
Single
900
900
Single1800
1800
Single
Upper
Upper
900
900
900
900
mini1800
mini1800
fast
mini900
mini900
indoor900
indoor900
900
900
Upper
Upper
900
900
1800
1800
Upper
fast
fa
s
fast
Upper
Upper
900
900
Upper1800
1800
Upper
900
900
1800
1800
fast
indoor900
indoor900
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
75
If EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = enable
Single
900
Single 1800
Upper
900
indoor900
900
900
900
indoor900
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
1800
Upper
900
mini1800
fast
mini900
Upper
fast
fa
s
fast
Upper
900
Upper 1800
fast
1800
12
76
PBGT(n)
PBGT(n) ==
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) -- AV_RXLEV_PBGT_HO
AV_RXLEV_PBGT_HO
(A)
-- (BS_TXPWR_MAX
(BS_TXPWR_MAX AV_BS_TXPWR_HO)
AV_BS_TXPWR_HO)
(B)
-- (MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)*
(MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)* MS_TXPWR_MAX*)
MS_TXPWR_MAX*)
(C)
-- PING_PONG_MARGIN(n,
PING_PONG_MARGIN(n, call_ref)
call_ref)
(D)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
The value of PBGT(n) is calculated every SACCH period for each neighboring cell n whose measures are kept in
the book-keeping list
A : favor cell with highest difference between RXLEV(n) and RXLEV(s)
B : compensate for effect of the power control in DL (if PC DL attenuates BS TXPWR by 4dB, the RXLEV(s) is also
attenuated by 4dB)
C : favor the cell where the MS is the most limited in TX power (to limit UL interference and extend battery life)
automatic bonus of +3dB from 900-serving to 1800-neighbours.
automatic handicap of -3dB from 1800-serving to 900-neighbours.
* In the case of concentric or multiband cells, if the channel is in the inner zone (ZONE_TYPE = INNER),
BS_TXPWR_MAX and MS_TXPWR_MAX in equation must be replaced by BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER and
MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER respectively.
If the channel is in the outer zone (ZONE_TYPE = OUTER), the formulation of equation (HO-7) is not changed.
12
77
met :
ifif
EN_TRAFFIC_HO(0,n)
EN_TRAFFIC_HO(0,n) == DISABLED
DISABLED
then
then PBGT(n)
PBGT(n) >> HO_MARGIN(0,n)
HO_MARGIN(0,n) ++ OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER
OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER (*)
(*)
and
and
AV_RXLEV_PBGT_HO
AV_RXLEV_PBGT_HO RXLEV_LIMIT_PBGT_HO
RXLEV_LIMIT_PBGT_HO
and
and
EN_PBGT_HO
EN_PBGT_HO == ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
(*) OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER is applied only if the MS is currently located in the inner zone of a concentric
cell (multiband or monoband). This parameter will be explained in chapter 7.
12
78
modified :
ifif
EN_TRAFFIC_HO(0,n)
EN_TRAFFIC_HO(0,n) == ENABLED
ENABLED
then
then PBGT(n)
PBGT(n) >> HO_MARGIN(0,n)
HO_MARGIN(0,n) ++ OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER
OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER (*)
(*)
++ max(0,
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n))
max(0, DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n))
and
and
AV_RXLEV_PBGT_HO
AV_RXLEV_PBGT_HO RXLEV_LIMIT_PBGT_HO
RXLEV_LIMIT_PBGT_HO
and
and
EN_PBGT_HO
EN_PBGT_HO == ENABLED
ENABLED
max(0,
max(0, DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n))
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n)) is
is always
always positive
positive
itit increases
increases the
the HO_MARGIN(O,n)
HO_MARGIN(O,n)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Cause 12 HO is correlated with cause 23 HO. This is why there is a difference according to the activation of cause
23 HO (EN_TRAFFIC_HO).
(*) OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER is applied only if the MS is currently located in the inner zone of a concentric
cell (multiband or monoband). This parameter will be explained in chapter 7.
12
IfIf
Traffic_load(0)
Traffic_load(0) == high
high and
and Traffic_load(n)
Traffic_load(n) == low,
low,
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n)
=
DELTA_DEC_HO_MARGIN
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n) = - DELTA_DEC_HO_MARGIN
(A)
IfIf
Traffic_load(0)
Traffic_load(0) == low
low and
and Traffic_load(n)
Traffic_load(n) == high,
high,
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n)
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n) == ++ DELTA_INC_HO_MARGIN
DELTA_INC_HO_MARGIN
(B)
Else
Else
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n)
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n) == 00
(C)
Philosophy:
Don't forget :
PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN(0,n) + OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER + max(0, DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n))
In case (A) : DELTA HO MARGIN is negative, therefore "0" is used in the PBGT algorithm.
Only cases (B) and (C) can occur for cause 12.
79
12
80
Not available for neighbour cells that are external (different BSC's)
Annex 1
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
TCH_INFO_PERIOD = 5 s period used by the BSC to count the number of free TCH.
12
81
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = enable
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 8 dB
1800 cells
900 cells
HO_MARGIN(0,n) =5 dB
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5 dB
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 2 dB
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = enable
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = enable
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = enable or disable
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Typical example: dense urban area covered in 1800, and surrounding cells, outside the city area, are in 900.
For cells which are not in the vicinity of cells from other band, the parameter " EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO" has no
impact on HO detection (except for multiband cells)
Note : to ease design of parameters, one can use the following syntax (i.e. for the case above) :
HO_MARGIN(900,900) = 5dB
HO_MARGIN(900,1800) = 8dB
HO_MARGIN(1800,1800) = 5dB
HO_MARGIN(1800,900) = 2dB
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO(900) = enable
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO(1800) = enable
Why 8dB ? Because there is a automatic bonus of 3dB from 900 1800 (cf p.77). In order keep a difference of
5dB of RXLEV, it is necessary to increase the HO_MARGIN by 3dB.
12
82
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5 dB
macro 900
HO_M(1800,900)
= 2 dB
HO_MARGIN(900,1800)
= 8 dB
macro 1800
"Border" strategy
Smooth exit of the 1800 area
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = Enable
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5 dB
"Core" strategy
Prevent PBGT HO, to keep MS in 1800
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = Disable
Dual coverage of an area : full coverage in 1800 and full coverage in 900. However, to compensate for line (C) in
slide 77, we must compensate by 3 dB.
This way, there is no priority given to the 1800 band nor the 900 band.
When handling different bands with power budget HO only, the recommended CRO in the 1800 cell is:
CRO(1800) = ( [ HO_MARGIN(1800,900) HO_MARGIN(900,1800)] / 2 ) + 3
12
83
B
2d
8 dB
M=
M=
HO_
HO_M(1800,900)
= 8dB
HO_M(900,1800)
= 2dB
macro 1800
HO_M(1800,1800) = 5 dB
"Border" strategy
Smooth exit of the 1800 area
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = Enable
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
"Core" strategy
Allow PBGT HO, favour MS in 1800
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = Enable
Same management of HO at the "border" zone, but "core" zone is managed with PBGT HO also. Except the
HO_MARGIN are different :
HO_MARGIN(1800,900) = 8dB (6dB harder than default "2dB")
HO_MARGIN(900,1800) = 2dB (6dB easier than default "8dB")
12
HO_MARGIN(0,n) optimization
84
Micro 2
Micro 1
Micro 3
-50
-60
-70
rxlev(cell 1)
rxlev(cell 2)
rxlev(cell 3)
-80
-90
-100
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
19
17
15
13
11
-110
Too many handovers can be perceived as a degradation of the voice quality (i.e. in QVoice)
Transient cell : the Rxlev of this cell is good only for a short duration (= passing cell)
HO_MARGIN(0,n)
A_PBGT_HO
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
85
12
86
HO_MARGIN optimization
Interferer
PBGT
HO delayed
C/I might drop below -6dB
in case of adjacent frequencies between
2 neighbouring microcells, degradation
of voice quality
BTS2
fn+1
Building
adjacent
frequencies between
neighbouring microcells can be used
BUT A_PBGT_HO should be increased
AND the anti ping-pong mechanism
should be applied (PING_PONG_HCP &
T_HCP)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
BTS1
fn
C/I = -9dB, means that the RXLEV(serving) is 9dB lower than the RXLEV(neighbour)
Alcatel recommends C/I > -6dB [BCCH] and > -9dB [TCH] in case of adjacent channels, to avoid call quality
degradation.
12
87
If EN_SPEED_DISC = ENABLED
Traffic Load = low
HO (12)
HO
MIN_CONNECT_TIME
At
At call
call setup:
setup:
After
After 1st
1st HO:
HO:
Next
Next HO:
HO:
HO (12)
HO (12)
HO (12)
C_DWELL
C_DWELL == 00 and
and is
is incremented
incremented by
by 11 every
every MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT REPORT
REPORT
MS_SPEED
MS_SPEED is
is set
set to
to indefinite
indefinite
MS_SPEED
MS_SPEED is
is kept
kept at
at indefinite,
indefinite, and
and C_DWELL
C_DWELL reinits
reinits to
to 00
MS_SPEED
MS_SPEED is
is set
set to
to fast
fast if:
if:
C_DWELL
C_DWELL << 22 xx MIN_CONNECT_TIME
MIN_CONNECT_TIME
and
and HO
HO is
is aa Power
Power Budget
Budget HO
HO (cause
(cause 12)
12)
and
and EN_SPEED_DISC
EN_SPEED_DISC == ENABLED
ENABLED in
in serving
serving cell
cell
Otherwise
Otherwise MS_SPEED
MS_SPEED is
is kept
kept at
at indefinite
indefinite and
and C_DWELL
C_DWELL reinits
reinits to
to 00
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Exercise
12
12 can be detected
UMBRELLA
LOWER
INDOOR
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
88
12
89
Counter-reaction of cause 12
CA
E
US
Checked between :
E
US
CA
LAYER :
23
12
BAND :
If EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = disable Cells with the same CELL_BAND_TYPE
if MS in inner zone of a multi-band cell, it can only go to another multi-band cell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
In some multi-band networks, the radio coverage is ensured by DCS cells in one geographical area and by GSM
cells in another geographical area. As these cells form a multi-band and mono-layer network, the capture
handovers between cells of different bands will be inefficient to regulate the CS traffic load in the serving cell
neighboringhood.
The solution consists in allowing intra-layer traffic handovers (Cause 23) based on a power budget evaluation
between cells of different bands.
12
90
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n)
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n) << 00 dB
dB
AND
AND
PBGT(n)
PBGT(n) >> HO_MARGIN(0,n)
HO_MARGIN(0,n) ++ OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER
OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER
++ DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n)
DELTA_HO_MARGIN(0,n)
AND
AND
EN_TRAFFIC_HO(0,n)
EN_TRAFFIC_HO(0,n) == ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
The principle of this handover is to reduce the size of the serving cell when it is high loaded relatively to a low
loaded cell.
When the mobile moves away from the BTS, the power budget will increase and a better cell handover will be
triggered earlier.
It is recommended to inhibit Traffic handover towards 1 TRX cells. These cells do not have enough resources to
receive incoming handovers due to congestion of neighboring cells. Moreover because of the great variation of
traffic in the 1 TRX cells, traffic load is never considered as low.
This cause is inhibited for handover from SDCCH to SDCCH.
Cause 23 is checked over all the neighboring cells belonging to the same layer. It means that it is checked
between cells whose CELL_LAYER_TYPE is single or upper, between cells whose CELL_LAYER_TYPE is lower, and
between cells whose CELL_LAYER_TYPE is indoor.
In addition to the condition on the cell layer type, the cell frequency band condition for checking Cause 23 is as
follows whether or not the MS is in the inner zone of a multi-band cell:
The MS is not in the inner zone of a multi-band cell
If the flag EN_MULTI-BAND_PBGT_HO is set to disabled, Cause 23 must not be checked between cells
which use different frequency bands (i.e cells having different CELL_BAND_TYPE).
If the flag EN_MULTI-BAND_PBGT_HO is set to enabled, Cause 23 will be checked over all the
neighboring cells without any cell frequency band restriction.
The MS is in the inner zone of a multi-band cell
If the flag EN_MULTI-BAND_PBGT_HO is set to disabled, Cause 23 is checked over all the neighboring cell
multi-band cells (FREQUENCY_RANGE= PGSM-DCS1800 or EGSM-DCS1800) which belong to the same BSC as
the serving cell.
If the flag EN_MULTI-BAND_PBGT_HO is set to enabled, Cause 23 will be checked over all the
neighboring cells without any cell frequency band restriction.
All Rights Reserved 2007, Alcatel-Lucent
3JK11167AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
Section 1 Module 2 Page 90
12
Most appropriate MS
to be pushed out
Congested cell
HO
Most appropriate MS
to be pushed out
May be triggered
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
91
12
Candidate MS
HR
HR
or
FR on dual rate TRX
FR
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
92
12
93
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) >>
L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n)
L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n)
++ max
max (0,
(0, [MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)
[MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) -- P])
P])
and
and
t(n)
t(n) >> FREELEVEL_DR(n)
FREELEVEL_DR(n)
and
and
EN_CAUSE_28
EN_CAUSE_28 == ENABLED
ENABLED
and
and
EN_FAST_TRAFFIC_HO
EN_FAST_TRAFFIC_HO == ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
HO cause 28 process:
If EN_FAST_TRAFFIC_HO = enabled, when an assignment request (or external emergency HO request) is queued,
the RAM process sends to the HOP process a Fast Traffic HO request which contains the queued request reference
and its channel rate.
Once an HO alarm for cause 28 is triggered, the flag EN_CAUSE_28 is set to disabled so as not to perform
more than one handover. In the same time, the HOP process gets back to the RAM process a Fast Traffic HO
Acknowledge which contains the queued request reference and the reference of the MS that can perform HO.
If several answers are sent to the RAM process, only the first one corresponding to the queued request is taken
into account.
The RAM process checks if the request is still queued. If it is so, RAM asks HOP to start HO for this mobile;
otherwise the process is stopped.
Once the HOP process receives this message, the first two conditions of Cause 28 (good enough level, enough
free resources in the target cell) are checked one more time. If the conditions are fulfilled, the HOP process
sends an alarm to the HOM entity and the timer T_FILTER is started; otherwise the process is stopped.
Note: the first two conditions of cause 28 are tested twice in order to be sure that the candidate cells are still
valid when the cause 28 start HO message is received from the RAM process.
Exercise
Detection of cause 12
Parameters settings
No Power Control DL, no anti ping-pong
EN_PBGT_HO = enable
EN_TRAFFIC_HO(0,n) = disable
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5 dB
RXLEV_LIMIT_PBGT_HO = -47 dBm
BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER = 0 dB
OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER = 0 dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
94
Exercise [cont.]
12
Is cause 12 triggered?
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = ENABLE
Source
Target
Inputs
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Type
Single
Micro
Micro
Mini
Band
900
900
900
900
EN_SPEED_DISC
No
Yes
Yes
No
MS speed
Ind
Slow
Fast
Fast
Rx_Lev(0)
-85 dBm
- 90 dBm
-90 dBm
-90 dBm
Type
Single
Umbrella
Umbrella
Micro
Band
900
1800
900
900
Traffic(n)
IND
LOW
LOW
HIGH
Rx_Lev(n)
-80 dBm
- 65 dBm
-65 dBm
-80 dBm
PBGT ?
Cause 12 ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
95
Exercise [cont.]
12
Is cause 12 triggered?
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = DISABLE
Inputs
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
Type
Single
Single
Multiband
Upper
Multiband
Upper
Multiband
Upper
Band
900
900
900
900
900
Zone
---
---
Inner
Outer
Inner
Rx_Lev(0)
-85 dBm
-85 dBm
-90 dBm
-90 dBm
-90 dBm
Type
Single
Single
Single
Single
Multiband
Upper
Band
900
1800
900
900
900
Rx_Lev(n)
-80 dBm
-70 dBm
-65 dBm
-65 dBm
-65 dBm
Source
Target
PBGT ?
Cause 12 ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
96
Exercise [cont.]
12
Is cause 12 triggered?
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = ENABLE
Inputs
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
Type
Single
Single
Multiband
Upper
Multiband
Upper
Multiband
Upper
Band
900
900
900
900
900
Zone
---
---
Inner
Outer
Inner
Rx_Lev(0)
-85 dBm
-85 dBm
-90 dBm
-90 dBm
-90 dBm
Type
Single
Single
Single
Single
Multiband
Upper
Band
900
1800
900
900
900
Rx_Lev(n)
-80 dBm
-70 dBm
-65 dBm
-65 dBm
-65 dBm
Source
Target
PBGT ?
Cause 12 ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
97
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
98
12
Serving Cell
Type
Dimension Type
Standard
(2,3,4,5,6)
Micro
(7,17,18)
Single
Macro
YES
NO
Umbrella
Macro
YES
NO
Mini
Macro
YES
NO
Micro
Micro
YES
YES
Indoor
Micro
YES
YES
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
99
12
Recommended strategies :
An MS is located in a micro or an indoor cell
single
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
mini
100
12
101
May be triggered
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Last
Last N_BAD_SACCH
N_BAD_SACCH frames
frames received
received are
are not
not correct
correct
and
and
EN_MCHO_RESCUE
EN_MCHO_RESCUE == ENABLE
ENABLE
N_BAD_SACCH
Rule : "Radio Link Recovery shall be triggered before the handover"
N_BAD_SACCH > RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS - N_BSTXPWR_M
Default values:
RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS = 18 SACCH
N_BSTPWR_M = 15 SACCH
N_BAD_SACCH = 4 SACCH
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
102
12
threshold
AV_RXLEV_UL_MCHO(i)
AV_RXLEV_UL_MCHO(i) U_RXLEV_UL_MCHO
U_RXLEV_UL_MCHO
and
and
AV_RXLEV_UL_MCHO(i-1)
AV_RXLEV_UL_MCHO(i-1) >> U_RXLEV_UL_MCHO
U_RXLEV_UL_MCHO
and
and
EN_MCHO_H_UL
EN_MCHO_H_UL == ENABLE
ENABLE
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
103
12
threshold
AV_RXLEV_DL_MCHO(i)
AV_RXLEV_DL_MCHO(i) U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO
U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO
and
and
AV_RXLEV_DL_MCHO(i-1)
AV_RXLEV_DL_MCHO(i-1) >> U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO
U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO
and
and
EN_MCHO_H_DL
EN_MCHO_H_DL == ENABLE
ENABLE
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
104
12
AV_RXLEV_XX_MCHO
AV_RXLEV_XX_MCHO
no HO alarm
HO alarm
High
Threshold
High
Threshold
t
i-1
t
i-1
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
105
12
With high value, mobiles will be sent too early to the macro layer
Problems for MS's with a signal strength level close to the high threshold :
due to fading, multiple handovers can be triggered during a call:
MS in Indoor cell : decrease in RXLEV leads to emergency HO Umbrella
MS in Umbrella : RXLEV of indoor cell becomes good again, capture HO Indoor
and so on.
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
106
12
107
for UL:
Averaging:
A_LEV_MCHO : 10 SACCH
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
A_LEV_MCHO
avoid triggering too easily an HO on fading and overloading needlessly the macrocell
The high threshold is used to modelize a slow decrease of the signal level at microcell border
Really urgent handovers will be triggered using the Low Threshold (cause 3 & 5) with a short averaging
window size
12
HO alarm
High Threshold
Standard Threshold
t
i
i-1
AV_RXLEV_XX_HO
Std HO alarm
High Threshold
Standard Threshold
t
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
108
12
109
HO alarm
Standard Threshold
High Threshold
i-1 i
AV_RXLEV_XX_HO
Std HO alarm
Standard Threshold
High Threshold
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
110
12
111
Capture handover
UPPER
umbrella
May be triggered
mini
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
micro
indoor
LOWER
INDOOR
12
112
serving cell or zone is "preferred band" AND target cell is "non preferred"
AND EN_BI-BAND_MS(n) = DISABLED
CELL_BAND_TYPE = Preferred_band
CELL_LAYER_TYPE =
upper
CELL_LAYER_TYPE =
lower or indoor
EN_BI-BAND_MS = DISABLED
CELL_BAND_TYPE = CELL_BAND_TYPE(0)
CELL_BAND_TYPE
Preferred_band
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
EN_BI-BAND_MS = DISABLED
CELL_BAND_TYPE Preferred_band
CELL_BAND_TYPE = Preferred_band
EN_BI-BAND_MS(n) should be disabled in the TARGET cell in order to prevent cause 14.
Definition : Enables/disables the incoming handovers of bi-band MSs from the preferred-band into a classical
band cell.
Beware : it is also used in cause 24 (general capture)
12
umbrella
mini
micro
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) >> L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n)
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n)
and
and
MS_SPEED
MS_SPEED == SLOW
SLOW
and
and
EN_MCHO_NCELL
EN_MCHO_NCELL == ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
indoor
113
12
114
mini
micro
indoor
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) >> L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n)
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n)
and
and
MS_SPEED
MS_SPEED FAST
FAST
and
and
EN_MCHO_NCELL
EN_MCHO_NCELL == ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
MS_SPEED different than fast, because at call setup, the MS SPEED is set to indefinite. It cannot be set to "SLOW".
A "SLOW" MS might be a MS that came from an umbrella previously.
Therefore, in a mini cell, a MS with MS SPEED = indefinite should be able to be sent to an indoor cell.
12
115
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
Upper layer
Cause12
MS_speed = FAST
Cause14
MS_speed = SLOW
Cause12
MS_speed = FAST
Lower layer
Cause14
MS_speed = SLOW or INDEFINITE
Indoor layer
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
116
12
117
Lower layer
Cell 1
Lower layer
Cell 2
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
To dwell : to reside
If this dwell time exceeds MIN_DWELL_TIME, the MS is slow and is sent to the lower/indoor cell
C_DWELL(n) is a counter measuring the number of SACCH periods of monitoring neighbour cell n over the
threshold L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n)
12
118
if EN_SPEED_DISC = ENABLE
C_DWELL(n) = 0
MSs will handover to the lower/indoor layer after MIN_DWELL_TIME seconds
if EN_SPEED_DISC = DISABLE
C_DWELL(n) = 2 x (MIN_DWELL_TIME - L_MIN_DWELL_TIME)
MSs will handover to the lower/indoor layer after L_MIN_DWELL_TIME seconds
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
MIN_DWELL_TIME is not a parameter ! It is a variable computed by BSC : it varies, depending on the umbrella
traffic load.
Default : EN_SPEED_DISC = Disable
12
119
Initialization values
H_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 20s (= MIN_DWELL_TIME at initialization)
L_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 8s
C_DWELL(n) = 2 x (MIN_DWELL_TIME - L_MIN_DWELL_TIME)
= 2 x (20 - 8) = 24 SACCH (= 12 seconds)
Algorithm
MS is deemed as slow if C_DWELL(n) > 2 x MIN_DWELL_TIME
C_DWELL(n) starts at 24, and is increased by 1 when RXLEV_NCELL(n) >
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n)
: EN_SPEED_DISC = Enable
: EN_SPEED_DISC = Disable
C_DWELL
12
C_DWELL
16
20
24
MIN_DWELL_TIME
28
32
36
40
44
INDEFINITE or FAST
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
SLOW
MIN_DWELL_TIME is in seconds, whereas C_DWELL is in SACCH. This is the reason why MIN_DWELL_TIME is
multiplied by 2.
1 SACCH = 480ms (approx. 0.5s)
12
Default values
dependent on
the number of
TRXs
H_LOAD_OBJ
L_LOAD_OBJ
End of BH
decreasing traffic
End of day
low traffic
L_MIN_DWELL_TIME
8s
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Start of day
low traffic
DWELL_TIME_STEP
2s
H_MIN_DWELL_TIME
20 s
120
12
Capture Handover
Serving cell
Band Type
MS in inner zone
of a multiband cell
Preferred band
NO
Possible Neighbours
EN_BI-BAND_MS(n) = ENABLE
Or CELL_BAND_TYPE(n) = PREFERRED_BAND
Any cell
Preferred band
EN_BI-BAND_MS(n) = ENABLE
Or CELL_BAND_TYPE(n) CELL_BAND_TYPE(0)
YES
Any cell
Can be used to capture traffic by any cell, whatever its type, band, etc.
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
121
12
EN_BI-BAND_MS = DISABLED
CELL_BAND_TYPE = CELL_BAND_TYPE(0)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
EN_BI-BAND_MS = DISABLED
CELL_BAND_TYPE Preferred_band
122
12
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) >>
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n)
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n) ++ max
max (0,
(0, [MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)
[MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) -- P])
P])
and
and
Traffic_load(0)
Traffic_load(0) == CAPTURE_TRAFFIC_CONDITION
CAPTURE_TRAFFIC_CONDITION
and
and
Traffic_load(n)
Traffic_load(n) HIGH
HIGH
and
and
EN_GENERAL_CAPTURE_HO
EN_GENERAL_CAPTURE_HO == ENABLED
ENABLED
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
123
Exercise
EN_MCHO_NCELL(source) = ENABLED
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(source, target) = -85 dBm
cases ?
12
124
Exercise [cont.]
Source
Target
12
125
Inputs
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
Case 6
Case 7
Case 8
Type
Single
Umbrella
Umbrella
Umbrella
Multiband
Umbrella
Multiband
Umbrella
Micro
Mini
Band
900
900
900
1800
900
900
900
900
Zone
---
---
---
---
Outer
Inner
---
---
MS Speed
Slow
Slow
Slow
Slow
Slow
Slow
Indefinite
Fast
Rx_Lev(0)
-84 dBm
-60 dBm
-90 dBm
-90 dBm
-90 dBm
-90 dBm
-60 dBm
-90 dBm
Type
Micro
Micro
Mini
Mini
Mini
Mini
Indoor
Indoor
Band
900
900
1800
900
1800
1800
900
1800
En Biband
MS
Enable
Enable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Disable
Enable
Disable
Rx_Lev(n)
-84 dBm
-80 dBm
-80 dBm
-80 dBm
-80 dBm
-80 dBm
-70 dBm
-80 dBm
Cause 14 ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Exercise [cont.]
Speed discrimination
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
126
12
127
Capture handover
Cell
May be triggered
900
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Cell
1800
12
Cause 21: high level in the neighboring cell in the preferred band
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) >> L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n)
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n)
and
and TRAFFIC_LOAD(0)
TRAFFIC_LOAD(0) == MULTIBAND_TRAFFIC_CONDITION
MULTIBAND_TRAFFIC_CONDITION
and
and TRAFFIC_LOAD(n)
TRAFFIC_LOAD(n) HIGH
HIGH
and
and EN_PREFERRED_BAND_HO
EN_PREFERRED_BAND_HO == ENABLE
ENABLE
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
128
Exercise
Umbrella 900
Mini 1800
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
129
Capture handovers
Tuning of L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n)
Recommended range of investigation: from -65dBm to -85dBm
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
130
12
131
CAPTURE_TRAFFIC_CONDITION
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
132
Cell A
2
T_INHIBIT_CPT_HO
CP
TH
3
O
CPT H
QU
A
LH
2
3
Cell B
Cell C
Refer to comments for
further details
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Exercise
EN_PREFERRED_BAND_HO(0) = ENABLED
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(0,n) = -85 dBm
MULTIBAND_TRAFFIC_CONDITION = NOT_LOW
Time allowed:
10 minutes
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
133
Exercise [cont.]
Source
Target
12
134
Inputs
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
Case 6
Case 7
Case 8
Type
Single
Micro
Single
Multiband
Single
Multiband
Upper
Multiband
Upper
Single
Single
Band
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
900
Zone
---
---
---
Outer
Inner
Outer
---
---
Traffic(0)
IND
IND
HIGH
IND
IND
HIGH
LOW
HIGH
Rx_Lev(0)
-84 dBm
-60 dBm
-95 dBm
-84 dBm
-84 dBm
-90 dBm
-80 dBm
-80 dBm
Type
Single
Single
Mini
Single
Single
Multiband
Upper
Single
Single
Band
1800
1800
1800
1800
1800
900
1800
1800
Traffic(n)
IND
IND
LOW
IND
IND
LOW
IND
HIGH
Rx_Lev(n)
-84 dBm
-80 dBm
-86 dBm
-80 dBm
-80 dBm
-80 dBm
-70 dBm
-70 dBm
Cause 21 ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Exercise [cont.]
In a multiband network,
How can you ensure capture will be performed from
What happens ?
Will the 1800 cell accept more traffic ?
What are the other possibilities of incoming traffic ?
Time allowed:
10 minutes
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
135
9 Multiband Cells
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
136
9 Multiband Cells
Introduction
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
137
are available !
outer
inner
cause 13
cause 10/11
Cell A
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
The activation of causes 10 and 11 is automatic, as soon as a cell type is defined as "CONCENTRIC"
The activation of cause 13 is controlled by EN_BETTER_ZONE_HO.
The parameters HO_INTRACELL_ALLOWED and EN_INTRACELL_REPEATED have no impact on those handovers, they
are used only for causes 15 & 16 (interference) and 25 & 26 (AMR).
9 Multiband Cells
Introduction [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
outer
inner
-75dBm
-83dBm
Cell A
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
138
9 Multiband Cells
Introduction [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
outer
inner
-75dBm
-65dBm
18dB
-83dBm
Cell A
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
139
9 Multiband Cells
AV_RXLEV_UL_HO
AV_RXLEV_UL_HO << RXLEV_UL_ZONE
RXLEV_UL_ZONE
and
and
MS_TXPWR
MS_TXPWR == min
min (P,
(P, MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
140
9 Multiband Cells
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO << RXLEV_DL_ZONE
RXLEV_DL_ZONE
and
and
BS_TXPWR
BS_TXPWR == BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER
BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
141
9 Multiband Cells
CAUSE 13: too high level on the UL and the DL in the outer zone
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO>>RXLEV_DL_ZONE
RXLEV_DL_ZONE++ZONE_HO_HYST_DL
ZONE_HO_HYST_DL
++(BS_TXPWR
(BS_TXPWR--BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
++PING_PONG_MARGIN(0,
PING_PONG_MARGIN(0,call_ref)
call_ref)
And
And
AV_RXLEV_UL_HO
AV_RXLEV_UL_HO>>RXLEV_UL_ZONE
RXLEV_UL_ZONE++ZONE_HO_HYST_UL
ZONE_HO_HYST_UL
++(MS_TXPWR
(MS_TXPWR--MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
++PING_PONG_MARGIN(0,
PING_PONG_MARGIN(0,call_ref)
call_ref)
And
And
AV_RXLEV_NCELL_BIS(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL_BIS(n) NEIGHBOUR_RXLEV(0,n)
NEIGHBOUR_RXLEV(0,n)
And
And
EN_CAUSE_13
EN_CAUSE_13==ENABLE
ENABLE
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
142
9 Multiband Cells
Recommended
Recommendedvalues
values
ZONE_HO_HYST_DL
ZONE_HO_HYST_DL==12dB
12dB16dB
16dB
ZONE_HO_HYST_UL
ZONE_HO_HYST_UL==9dB
9dB13dB
13dB
There are 3dB difference between UL and DL, due to the value
"MS_TXPWR - MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER" = 3dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
143
9 Multiband Cells
12
T_HCP only if
MS is coming from the inner zone to the outer zone with an interzone
handover
inner
outer
144
9 Multiband Cells
12
145
NEIGHBOUR_RXLEV(0,n)
When inner zone frequency planning is very tight (i.e. reuse cluster = 3)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Practically, an inner zone reuse cluster between 4 and 7 is more realistc. With a large reuse cluster, this
parameter is not useful anymore.
9 Multiband Cells
12
146
MS will not be sent in the inner zone if the inner zone is more loaded than
the outer zone
Depends on EN_LOAD_BALANCE & current load in each zone
EN_LOAD_BALANCE = ENABLE
Outer zone more loaded (Load_sample_inner Load_sample_outer)
EN_CAUSE_13 = ENABLE
Inner zone more loaded (Load_sample_inner > Load_sample_outer)
EN_CAUSE_13 = DISABLE
EN_LOAD_BALANCE = DISABLE
EN_CAUSE_13 = ENABLE
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
9 Multiband Cells
12
147
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
RXLEV_UL_ZONE and RXLEV_DL_ZONE are usually separated by 10dB, because (if path balance = 0)
UL_RXLEV = DL_RXLEV 10dB
ie: MS receives a DL signal at -80dBm => BTS receives an UL signal at -90dBm
9 Multiband Cells
Call Setup
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
148
OUTE
R
INNER
The cell's RXLEV is the one being measured by the MS while performing SDCCH phase and TCH Assignment phase.
Therefore, it is measuring only the outer zone RXLEV !!
9 Multiband Cells
12
149
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO
AV_RXLEV_DL_HO>>RXLEV_DL_ZONE
RXLEV_DL_ZONE++ZONE_HO_HYS_DL
ZONE_HO_HYS_DL
++(BS_TXPWR
(BS_TXPWR--BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
And
And
AV_RXLEV_NCELL_BIS(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL_BIS(n) NEIGHBOUR_RXLEV(0,n)
NEIGHBOUR_RXLEV(0,n)
And
And
EN_CAUSE_13
EN_CAUSE_13==ENABLE
ENABLE
THEN
THEN::The
TheTCH
TCHisisallocated
allocatedininthe
theINNER
INNERzone
zone
ELSE
ELSE::The
TheTCH
TCHisisallocated
allocatedininthe
theOUTER
OUTERzone
zone
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
9 Multiband Cells
Outgoing intercell HO
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
150
What are the possible outgoing handovers from the inner zone ?
Emergency ? YES
Better conditions ?
YES
EN_BI-BAND_MS(n)
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO(0)
inner
outer
GSM900
DCS1800
outer
serving cell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
inner
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO : Enable/disable the power budget handovers Cause 12 and the traffic handovers
Cause 23 between cells belonging to different frequency bands
Recommended value: Enable
EN_BI-BAND_MS(n) : Enables/disables the incoming handovers of bi-band MSs from the preferred-band into a
classical band cell, in cause 14 and cause 24
Recommended value: Enable
From inner zone of a multiband cell, if both parameters are set to enable, all outgoing HO's are possible
If EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = Disable, cause 12 only possible to other multiband concentric cells (very
restrictive !)
If EN_BI-BAND_MS(n) = Disable, cause 14 and cause 24 only possible towards cells with same frequency band as
the inner zone (i.e. DCS1800 cells)
9 Multiband Cells
HO Cause 12
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
151
modified :
PBGT(n)
PBGT(n) ==
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) -- AV_RXLEV_PBGT_HO
AV_RXLEV_PBGT_HO
-- (BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER
(BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER AV_BS_TXPWR_HO)
AV_BS_TXPWR_HO)
-- (MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)
(MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
-- PING_PONG_MARGIN(n,
PING_PONG_MARGIN(n, call_ref)
call_ref)
Cell 1
1800
900
900
1800
Cell 2
9 Multiband Cells
HO Cause 12 [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
152
Cell 1
Serving
1800
900
900
1800
Cell 2
Target
10 minutes
9 Multiband Cells
HO Cause 12 [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
153
HO cause 12 is detected if :
PBGT(n)
PBGT(n) >>
HO_MARGIN(0,n)
HO_MARGIN(0,n) ++ OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER
OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
9 Multiband Cells
Incoming intercell HO
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
154
Emergency ? YES
Better conditions ?
YES
GSM900
inner
DCS1800
inner
outer
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
outer
target cell
EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO : Enable/disable the power budget handovers Cause 12 and the traffic handovers
Cause 23 between cells belonging to different frequency bands
EN_BI-BAND_MS(n) : Enables/disables the incoming handovers of bi-band MSs from the preferred-band into a
classical band cell, in cause 14 and cause 24
Towards inner zone of a multiband cell, if both parameters are set to enable, all incoming HO's are possible
If EN_MULTIBAND_PBGT_HO = Disable, cause 12 only possible from other multiband concentric cells or from cells
with same BCCH freq band as the MB cell (i.e. GSM900)
If EN_BI-BAND_MS(n) = Disable, cause 14 and cause 24 only possible from cells with different BCCH freq band as
the MB cell (i.e. DCS1800)
9 Multiband Cells
It can be done if
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)>>RXLEV_DL_ZONE
RXLEV_DL_ZONE++ZONE_HO_HYST_DL
ZONE_HO_HYST_DL
++(BS_TXPWR
BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
(BS_TXPWR - BS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER)
And
AndEN_BETTER_ZONE_HO
EN_BETTER_ZONE_HO==ENABLE
ENABLE
And
AndEN_CAUSE_13
EN_CAUSE_13==ENABLE
ENABLE
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
155
9 Multiband Cells
Intracell Handovers
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
For other intracell handovers, the MS will stay in the same zone as
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
156
9 Multiband Cells
Limitations
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
157
Power Control
Same target levels are used for the inner zone and the outer zone, based on:
L_RXLEV_DL_P & U_RXLEV_DL_P (resp. UL)
L_RXQUAL_DL_P & U_RXQUAL_DL_P (resp. UL)
A_LEV_PC, A_QUAL_PC
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
9 Multiband Cells
Additional Features
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
158
EN_LOAD_OUTER
ENABLE [default]: all load computations (short, medium and long terms) are
based on the outer zone load only
DISABLE: all load computations are based on the overall amount of timeslots
(inner + outer)
Default: Enable, in order to compute the correct load for (E)GPRS PDCH
allocation
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Subsequent allocation of outer TCH is failure during assignment of an inner zone TCH :
RTCH_assign_fail_radio = MC746b
1/ incremented when a failure in inner zone is
followed by subsequent failure in outer zone
2/ not incremented when failure in inner zone is
followed by success in outer zone
9 Multiband Cells
Exercise
12
159
Cumulated
Cumulated traffic
traffic per
per RxLevel
RxLevel
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
OUTER
70%
70%
60%
60%
-67dBm
50%
50%
Cumulated
Cumulated traffic
traffic
distribution
distribution
40%
40%
30%
30%
20%
20%
INNER
10%
10%
0%
0%
[-110,[-110,- ]-104,-97]
]-104,-97] ]-97,-91]
]-97,-91] ]-91,-85]
]-91,-85] ]-85,-79]
]-85,-79] ]-79,-72]
]-79,-72] ]-72,-66]
]-72,-66] ]-66,-60]
]-66,-60] ]-60,-53]
]-60,-53] ]-53,-47]
]-53,-47]
104]
104]
RxLevel
RxLevel (( dBm
dBm ))
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Additional inputs : In our urban environment, for 5 TRX, 4 SDCCH timeslots are needed.
The Erlang B law gives, at 2% blocking rate:
22 TCH 14.9 erlangs
21 TCH 14.0 erlangs
20 TCH 13.2 erlangs
19 TCH 12.3 erlangs
18 TCH 11.5 erlangs
17 TCH 10.6 erlangs
16 TCH 9.8 erlangs
15 TCH 9.0 erlangs
14 TCH 8.2 erlangs
9 Multiband Cells
Exercise [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
160
1800
900
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
161
12
162
Handover
cell 1: cause C1
cell 2: cause C2
cell 3: cause C3
Detection
Max 32 cells
Candidate
Cell
Evaluation
PREF_LAYER
the preferred layer for the target cell indicated by the variable
PREF_LAYER (it depends on the cell network architecture and on the
operator strategy)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
For intracell handovers, the only target cell is the serving cell the raw cell list and the candidate cell
evaluation processes are skipped.
12
CELL_LAYER_TYPE = SINGLE
Emergency HO cause
PREF_LAYER
upper + single
* if the MS is in the DCS 1800 inner zone of a multi-band cell then it includes the
serving cell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
*: Serving cell is located at the end of the list, with the indication "OUTER"
163
12
CELL_LAYER_TYPE = UPPER
Emergency HO cause
PREF_LAYER
upper + single
* if the MS is in the DCS 1800 inner zone of a multi-band cell then it includes the
serving cell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
*: Serving cell is located at the end of the list, with the indication "OUTER"
164
12
PREF_LAYER
Upper
none
Emergency HO cause
EN_RESCUE_UM = ENABLED
Raw cell list
PREF_LAYER
EN_RESCUE_UM = DISABLED
EN_RESCUE_UM = indefinite
All neighboring cells * except umbrella cells which do not verify AV_Rxlev_Ncell(n) >
OUTDOOR_UMB_LEV(0,n)
Upper + Single
Lower + indoor
none
* if the MS is in the DCS 1800 inner zone of a multi-band cell then it includes the
serving cell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
*: Serving cell is located at the end of the list, with the indication "OUTER"
165
12
166
EN_RESCUE_UM = DISABLED
Because a LOWER/INDOOR layer composed of MINI cells should offer good
coverage
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Depending on your network planning, these standard parameters can be further optimized.
EN_RESCUE_UM shall be set in the mini, micro or indoor cells. It cannot be set in umbrellas or single cells,
because it has no use in those cells.
Summary
12
167
EM HO
Raw cell list
PREF_LAYER
PREF_LAYER
Single
Single
All
Upper + Single
subset of cells
verifying the HO
causes
Upper + Single
Umbrella
Upper
All
Upper + Single
subset of cells
verifying the HO
causes
None
Mini/Micro
Lower
None
Indoor
Indoor
subset of cells
verifying the HO
causes
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Evaluation Process
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
Measurement
result
Measurement
Preprocessing
A_LEV_HO
A_QUAL_HO
A_PBGT_HO
A_RANGE_HO
12
HO Detection
Preprocess
measurement
168
Cell 1: cause C2
Cell 2: cause C2
Cell 3: cause C2
Cell 4: cause C2
Cell 5: cause C2
Cell 6: cause C2
Cell 7: cause C2
Cell 8: cause C2
... max 32 cells
PBGT filtering
HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n)
Priority (0, n) = 0
Cell 2: cause C2
Cell 3: cause C2
Cell 4: cause C2
Priority (0, n) = 1
Priority (0, n) = 2
Priority (0, n) = 3
Cell 6: cause C2
Cell 8: cause C2
Priority (0, n) = 4
Priority (0, n) = 5
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Order
Priority (0, n) = 0
Cell 4: cause C2
Cell 3: cause C2
Cell 2: cause C2
Priority (0, n) = 1
Priority (0, n) = 2
Priority (0, n) = 3
Cell 6: cause C2
Cell 8: cause C2
Priority (0, n) = 4
Priority (0, n) = 5
The HO candidate evaluation process is run after all intercell handover alarms.
In case of intra-cell handover alarm (HO causes 10, 11, 13, 15, 16), the candidate cell evaluation process is
skipped: the target cell is the serving cell.
The handover detection gives as indication the raw cell list (built from the book-keeping list) and the preferred
layer for the handover.In case of emergency handover alarms or cause 20 alarm, the cell evaluation will order the
cells given in the raw list, putting in the first position the cells belonging to the preferred layer, having the
highest priority (if EN_PRIORITY_ORDERING=ENABLED) and/or having the same frequency band type as the serving
cell. In case of an intercell handover alarm, if the serving cell belongs to the raw cell list (emergency handover
from the DCS 1800 inner zone of a multi-band cell), this cell is put at the end of the candidate cell list with the
MS zone indication OUTER.
In case of better condition handover alarms (except cause 20), the cell evaluation will order the cells given in the
raw list, putting in the first position the cells belonging to the preferred layer and having the highest priority (if
EN_PRIORITY_ORDERING=ENABLED).
12
169
Priority
Band Type
= Serving Cell
Priority(0,n) = 0
Cell 4
Cell 5
Cell 7
Preferred Layer
Cell 1
Cell11
Cell
Cell22
Cell
Cell
Cell33
Cell
Cell44
Cell55
Cell
Cell66
Cell
Cell
Cell77
Cell
Cell88
Serving Cell
List 1
Cell 4
Cell 5
Cell 7
1. Cell 7
2. Cell 4
3. Cell 5
List 2
List 2
List 3
List 3
NONE
Cell 4
Cell 5
Cell 6
Cell 7
Cell 4
Cell 5
Cell 7
= Serving Cell
Priority(0,n) = 1
Cell 1
Cell 6
Cell 1
Serving Cell
Cell 1
1. Cell 1
List 4
List 4
List 5
List 5
List 6
List 6
Cell 6
= Serving Cell
Cell 2
Cell 3
Priority(0,n) = 0
Cell 2
Cell 3
Cell 8
Cell 8
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Cell 2
Serving Cell
Cell 3
Cell 8
12
170
Priority(0,n) = 1
Priority(0,n) = 5
Priority(0,n) = 0
Cell_layer_type Pref_layer
Priority(0,n) = 1
Priority(0,n) = 5
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Priority(0,n) = 1
Priority(0,n) = 5
Priority(0,n) = 0
Cell_layer_type Pref_layer
Priority(0,n) = 1
Priority(0,n) = 5
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
171
12
Safety belt:
Favourite target would still be filtered out if its level is not good enough.
P1
Serving cell
P0
Candidate cell 2: Rxlev: - 90 dBm, PBGT: + 5dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
PRIORITY(0,n) can take 6 different values since B7, to take into account new indoor layers.
172
PBGT Filtering
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
173
or
or
or
or
PBGT(n)
PBGT(n)>>HO_MARGIN_QUAL
HO_MARGIN_QUAL(0,n)
(0,n)
PBGT(n)
>
HO_MARGIN_LEV
PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN_LEV(0,n)
(0,n)
PBGT(n)
PBGT(n)>>HO_MARGIN_DIST
HO_MARGIN_DIST(0,n)
(0,n)
for
forcauses
causes2,
2,4,
4,77
for
causes
3,
5,
for causes 3, 5,17,
17,18,
18,28
28
for
cause
6
for cause 6
PBGT(n)
PBGT(n)>>HO_MARGIN_XX
HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n)
(0,n)++OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER
OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
HO_MARGIN_xx can be used to simulate PBGT HO (for example, usage of distance HO to simulate 900-1800 PBGT HO
before it was existing).
HO_MARGIN_DIST is very small (e.g., 2 on 1800). Thus, a Distance HO alarm is raised very early. If HO_MARGIN_DIST
(1800,900)= 8 dB, no HO will be in fact triggered before the level of the 900 neighboring cell is greater than the one of
1800 + 8 dB: this distance HO is in fact a PBGT HO between bands.
12
174
Recommended values
Parameter
Strategy
Proposed values
HO_MARGIN_QUAL
HO_MARGIN_LEV
HO_MARGIN_DIST
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
ping-pong mechanism
+2dB +5dB
-127dB if mandatory HO, with anti
Mandatory Distance HO : i.e. if the MS goes beyond the U_TIME_ADVANCE = 64, the call will drop.
Optional Distance HO : i.e. if the MS goes beyond the U_TIME_ADVANCE, the call can still be kept until a better
neighbour is found.
Anti ping-pong mechanism : can be based on HO_MARGIN and/or T_INHIBIT_CPT.
Level Filtering
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
AV_RXLEV_NCELL
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n)
(n)>>
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
RXLEVmin
RXLEVmin(n)
(n)
++max
[0;(MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)-P)]
max [0;(MS_TXPWR_MAX(n)-P)]
12
175
Order Evaluation
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
176
CELL_EV = ORDER
For all HO causes, candidate "n" is ranked among others according to
PBGT(n)
PBGT(n)++LINK_FACTOR(0,n)
LINK_FACTOR(0,n)--HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n)
HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n)
++[[FREEfactor(n)
FREEfactor(0)
FREEfactor(n) - FREEfactor(0)]]
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Two types of cell evaluation algorithms can be used: ORDER and GRADE.
ORDER and GRADE are two different methods of cell ranking. They both consist in giving a mark or figure of
merit to each candidate cell.
The basic differences between ORDER and GRADE are that:
with ORDER:
The candidate cell evaluation process interacts with the handover detection by use of cause dependent
handover margins.
The candidate cell evaluation process takes into account the number of free TCH in the candidate cells.
with GRADE,:
The candidate cell evaluation process does not interact with the handover detection.
The candidate cell evaluation process takes into account the relative load of traffic channels in the
candidate cells.
The type of cell evaluation is chosen by the operator on a (serving) cell basis and is provided to the BSC with the
parameter CELL_EV
HO_MARGIN_XX = HO_MARGIN in case of better cell HO causes, otherwise HO_MARGIN_xx, with xx = LEV, DIST or
QUAL accordingly to the HO Cause.
For any handover cause, the first cell in the list is taken as the target cell, i.e. the cell with the highest value of
ORDER(n). The cells do not need to fulfil any other condition.
If no cell fulfils the condition and the serving cell does not belong to the target cell list, the target cell list is
empty and no further action is carried out.
Note: the A_PBGT_HO average window is used for this process.
All Rights Reserved 2007, Alcatel-Lucent
3JK11167AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
Section 1 Module 2 Page 176
Grade Evaluation
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
177
PBGT(n)
PBGT(n)++LINK_FACTOR(0,n)
LINK_FACTOR(0,n)LOAD_FACTOR(n)
LOAD_FACTOR(n)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
178
Pre-ranking
Filtering process
(BS_TXPWR_MAX - BS_TXPWR)
(MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - MS_TXPWR_MAX)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
For external cells, t(n) is fixed to the arbitrary value t(n) = 255. Therefore, setting FREElevel_DR(n) to 255 for an
external cell inhibits outgoing external fast traffic handover towards this cell. Setting FREElevel_DR(n) to any
other value will allow outgoing external fast traffic handover towards this cell.
If the BTS has dual rate capability, t(n) = absolute number of free Dual Rate TCH
Summary
12
BC HO
FDR
FTH
PREF_LAYER
Priority
PBGT Filtering
Level Filtering
PBGT DR Ordering
Order/Grade Evaluation
Free TS filtering
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
179
Exercise
EN_SPEED_DISC is ENABLED
A slow moving MS starts a call in lower layer
After a while, this MS becomes a fast moving MS (for
example, a car starting at traffic light)
Time allowed:
5 minutes
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
180
Exercise [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
Source
Time
allowed:
Possible
Target
5 minutes
Type
Single
Band
1800
EN_SPEED_DISC
Yes
MS speed
Slow
Rx_Lev(0)
-82 dBm
Type
Single (1)
Umbrella (2)
Single (3)
Band
900
900
1800
EN_BI-BAND_MS
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Rx_Lev(n)
-74 dBm
-80 dBm
-84 dBm
Best Target ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
EN_LOAD_ORDER = Disabled.
EN_PBGT_FILTERING = Enabled.
RXLEVmin= -100 dBm.
181
Exercise [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
Source
Possible
Target
Type
Umbrella
Band
900
EN_SPEED_DISC
Yes
MS speed
Slow
Rx_Lev(0)
-76 dBm
Type
Single (1)
Umbrella
(2)
Single (3)
Micro (4)
Micro (5)
Indoor (6)
Band
900
900
1800
900
1800
900
EN_BI-BAND_MS
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Enabled
Rx_Lev(n)
-74 dBm
-80 dBm
-82 dBm
-75 dBm
-85 dBm
-80 dBm
Time
allowed:
5 minutes
Best Target ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
EN_LOAD_ORDER = Disabled.
EN_PBGT_FILTERING = Enabled.
RXLEVmin= -100 dBm.
182
Exercise [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
Source
Possible
Target
Type
Micro
Band
900
EN_SPEED_DISC
No
MS speed
Slow
Rx_Lev(0)
-68 dBm
Type
Single (1)
Time
allowed:
5 minutes
Umbrella
(2)
Single (3)
Micro (4)
Micro (5)
Indoor (6)
Band
900
900
1800
900
1800
900
EN_BI-BAND_MS
Disabled
Enabled
Disabled
Disabled
Disabled
Enabled
Rx_Lev(n)
-84 dBm
-80 dBm
-82 dBm
-75 dBm
-85 dBm
-80 dBm
Best Target ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
EN_LOAD_ORDER = Disabled.
EN_PBGT_FILTERING = Enabled.
RXLEVmin= -100 dBm.
183
Exercise [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
184
Source
10 minutes
Possible
Target
Type
Single
Band
1800
Rx_Lev(0)
-82 dBm
Type
Single (1)
Umbrella
(2)
Single (3)
Single (4)
Single (5)
Band
900
900
1800
1800
1800
PRIORITY
Rx_Lev(n)
-74 dBm
-80 dBm
-84 dBm
-101 dBm
-81 dBm
Best Target ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Exercise [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
185
Source
10 minutes
Possible
Target
Type
Single
Band
1800
Rx_Lev(0)
-82 dBm
Type
Single (1)
Umbrella
(2)
Single (3)
Single (4)
Single (5)
Band
900
900
1800
1800
1800
PRIORITY
Rx_Lev(n)
-74 dBm
-80 dBm
-84 dBm
-101 dBm
-81 dBm
Best Target ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Exercise [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
EN_LOAD_ORDER=Disable
LINK_FACTOR(0,n)=0dB
RXLEVmin=-100 dBm
OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER = 10 dB
Type
Source
10 minutes
Possible
Target
Single
Multiband
Band
900
Zone
Inner
Rx_Lev(0)
-82 dBm
Type
Single (1)
Umbrella
(2)
Single (3)
Single (4)
Single (5)
Band
900
900
1800
1800
1800
PRIORITY
Rx_Lev(n)
-74 dBm
-80 dBm
-84 dBm
-101 dBm
-81 dBm
Best Target ?
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
186
Exercise [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Algorithms and Associated Parameters
12
MS_TXPWR_MAX_INNER = 33dBm
RXLEV_DL_ZONE = - 85dBm
ZONE_HO_HYST_DL/UL = 6dB
RXLEV_UL_ZONE = - 95dBm
8/16
HO_MARGIN(A,B) = 5dB
OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER = 0dB
13/19
EN_LOAD_BALANCE = Enable
used_ts / nb_ts
Describe the different possible steps, and refer to pages of this document describing the algorithms :
-------- At call setup -----------SDCCH allocation, TCH allocation
** problem **
solution :
alternative solution :
187
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
188
End of Module
Algorithms and Associated Parameters
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
189
Section 1
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization
Module 3
Creating a Multi-Layer Network
3JK11168AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
GSM BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Blank Page
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Layer Network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
YYYY-MM-DD
First edition
Objectives
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Layer Network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
Objectives [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Layer Network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
Table of Contents
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Layer Network
Page
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
7
26
30
32
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
Introduction
100 m
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
Introduction [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Layer Network
13
120
112.5
121.6
121.6
118.5
42.9
45.9
17.9
29.1
31.4
36.4
19.2
41.7
78
60
54.7
60
71.1
72.3
76.8
72.5
71.6
80
40
124.5
115.1
98.4
71
94.3
116.1
70.5
100.7
68.6
70.6
100
114 116.9
20
Macrocells
Microcells
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
30/9
29/9
28/9
27/9
26/9
25/9
24/9
23/9
22/9
21/9
20/9
19/9
18/9
17/9
16/9
15/9
14/9
13/9
12/9
11/9
10/9
9/9
8/9
Introduction [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Layer Network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
10
Architecture
13
umbrella
micro
umbrella
micro
micro
single
micro
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
UPPER/SINGLE
LOWER
11
Strategy
13
Cause 24 if all collocated cells and micro cells are all "Single"
Cause 14 if collocated cells are Umbrella and micro cells are Micro
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
Exercise
13
13
NORMAL CELLS
MICROCELLS
10 minutes
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Call Setup
MICRO
MICRO
13
MICRO 900
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 10 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = infinity
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
14
UMB
UMB
UMBRELLA
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 0 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET(MICRO) = 10 dB
This setting is highly dependent on MICRO cells density : the more MICRO per sq.km, the higher the CRO can be,
without any risk of degrading quality. In very dense network, a CRO(Micro) = 40dB can be set.
On the contrary, if there are only few micro cells per sq.km, then a CRO=10dB might be too high ! Reduce it to
CRO=6dB.
13
15
An FDR (cause 20) is triggered when the average level of a neighboring cell
is higher than L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n)
DR only
PRIORITY(umb, umb) = 1
DR & FDR
PRIORITY(micro, umb) = 1
Umbrella
EN_DR = ENABLED
EN_FORCED_DR = DISABLED
L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) = -88 dBm
FREElevel_DR(n) = 0
DR only
PRIORITY(umb, micro) = 0
DR
PRIORITY(micro, micro) = 1
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Micro
EN_RESCUE_UM = ENABLED
EN_DR = ENABLED
EN_FORCED_DR = ENABLED
L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) = -47 dBm
FREElevel_DR(n) = 0
The Setting of PRIORITY(0,n) is very important as network behavior will not be driven by Pref_layer which is
equal to "none" in this case.
But setting L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) to -47 dBm in the micro cells inhibits the incoming FDR to them. Therefore
Priority(0,n) can be kept to the same value everywhere.
Priority(umb,micro) is set to 0 for Better Cell purpose (see the next pages).
Microcell Classes
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Layer Network
13
16
layer
Border Microcell
Inner Microcell
Indoor Microcell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
Definition
Rule
Inner Microcell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
17
13
18
Causes 12 and 14
Cause 12 / 23
PRIORITY(umb, umb) = 1
HO_MARGIN(umb, umb) = 5 dB
DELTA_INC_HO_MARGIN = 2 dB
DELTA_DEC_HO_MARGIN = 2 dB
Cause 14
PRIORITY(umb, micro) = 0
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(umb, micro)
= -80 dBm
Umbrella
EN_PBGT_HO = ENABLED
EN_MCHO_NCELL = ENABLED
EN_SPEED_DISC = DISABLED
L_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 6s
Cause 12
PRIORITY(micro, micro) = 1
HO_MARGIN(micro, micro) = ?dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Inner Microcell
EN_PBGT_HO = ENABLED
EN_SPEED_DISC = ENABLED
A_PBGT_HO = 6
A capture towards a microcell is triggered after L_MIN_DWELL_TIME. A low value is chosen, as we consider an
inner microcell.
In an umbrella 900 cell, a capture to a micro cell is preferred to a PBGT HO to a neighboring 900 cell using
Priority(0,n).
13
Reduce
or
Increase A_PBGT_HO & decrease HO_MARGIN
Micro 2
Micro 1
Micro 3
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
19
13
20
PRIORITY(umb,micro) = 0
Umbrella
Pref_layer = upper + single
PRIORITY(micro,umb) = 1
PRIORITY(micro,micro) = 1
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Inner Microcell
EN_RESCUE_UM = ENABLED
Pref_layer = upper + single
A_QUAL_HO = 4
A_LEV_HO = 4
L_RXLEV_DL_H = -90 dBm
EN_RESCUE_UM is set to ENABLED for an emergency handovers behavior (send MSs towards the upper layer).
HO_MARGIN_LEV(umb,umb)= 2 dB
HO_MARGIN_QUAL(umb,umb)= -2 dB
HO_MARGIN_DIST(umb,umb)= 2 dB
HO_MARGIN_LEV(micro,umb)= -127 dB
HO_MARGIN_QUAL(micro,umb)= -127 dB
HO_MARGIN_DIST(micro,umb)= -127 dB
OUTDOOR_UMB_LEV(micro,umb)=
-100 dBm
21
Umbrella
EN_PRIORITY_ORDERING = ENABLED
EN_PBGT_FILTERING = ENABLED
CELL_EV = GRADE
HO_MARGIN_LEV(umb,micro)= 2 dB
HO_MARGIN_QUAL(umb,micro)= -2 dB
HO_MARGIN_DIST(umb,micro)= 2 dB
HO_MARGIN_LEV(micro,micro)= 2 dB
HO_MARGIN_QUAL(micro,micro)= -2 dB
HO_MARGIN_DIST(micro,micro)= 2 dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
Inner Microcell
EN_PRIORITY_ORDERING = ENABLED
EN_PBGT_FILTERING = ENABLED
CELL_EV = GRADE
EN_RESCUE_UM = ENABLED
The upper layer is a rescue layer for microcells: thus, all HO_MARGIN_XX(micro,umb) are set to -127 dB.
OUTDOOR_UMB_LEV is set to -100 dBm: all umbrella cells with a received level lower than -100 dBm will be
filtered out at candidate cell evaluation.
13
22
Definition
Rule
Border Microcell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
The upper layer is a rescue layer for microcells: thus, all HO_MARGIN_XX(micro,umb) are set to -127 dB.
OUTDOOR_UMB_LEV is set to -100 dBm: all umbrella cells with a received level lower than -100 dBm will be
filtered out at candidate cell evaluation.
13
23
Causes 12 and 14
Umbrella
EN_SPEED_DISC = ENABLED
L_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 8s
H_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 16s
Cause 12 / 23
Cause 14
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(umb, micro)
= -75 dBm
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
All other parameters not shown here are identical to inner microcells.
A capture towards a microcell is triggered after MIN_DWELL_TIME which will vary from H_MIN_DWELL_TIME down
to L_MIN_DWELL_TIME if the umbrella 900 cell is loaded. MIN_DWELL_TIME is increased to prevent tangential MSs
from being captured by the border microcell.
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO is increased.
13
Emergency HO considered as a
"safe exit" HO, based on cause 5.
Border Microcell
EN_RESCUE_UM = ENABLED
EN_MCHO_H_DL = ENABLED
Pref_layer = upper + single
L_RXLEV_DL_H = -82 dBm
A_LEV_HO = 6
U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO = -90 dBm
A_LEV_MCHO = 4
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
A high threshold HO is used to trigger HO towards the umbrella cell for the microlayer zone exit.
24
13
25
Definition
Rules
Indoor Microcell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
26
Causes 12 and 14
Umbrella
EN_PBGT_HO = ENABLED
EN_MCHO_NCELL = ENABLED
EN_SPEED_DISC = ENABLED
L_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 8s
H_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 16s
Cause 12 / 23
Cause 14
PRIORITY(umb, micro) = 0
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(umb, micro)
= -75 dBm
Cause 12
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Indoor Microcell
EN_PBGT_HO = ENABLED
EN_SPEED_DISC = DISABLED
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO tuning is closely linked to real radio propagation and cell coverage. Values given on this slide
are just examples.
13
PRIORITY(umb,micro) = 0
Umbrella
Pref_layer = upper + single
PRIORITY(micro,umb) = 1
PRIORITY(micro,micro) = 1
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Indoor Microcell
EN_RESCUE_UM = ENABLED
EN_MCHO_H_DL = ENABLED
Pref_layer = upper + single
L_RXLEV_DL_H = -82 dBm
A_LEV_HO = 6
U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO = -90 dBm
A_LEV_MCHO = 4
A high threshold HO is used to trigger HO towards the umbrella cell for the microlayer zone exit.
27
13
28
In high floors, the level from surrounding umbrella cells is very high
One solution
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
A high threshold HO is used to trigger HO towards the umbrella cell for the microlayer zone exit.
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
29
13
Definition
Rules
Hotspot Microcell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
30
13
Causes 12 and 14
Cause 12 / 23
PRIORITY(umb, umb) = 0
HO_MARGIN(umb, umb) = 5 dB
DELTA_INC_HO_MARGIN = 2 dB
DELTA_DEC_HO_MARGIN = 2 dB
Cause 14
PRIORITY(umb, micro) = 0
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(umb, micro)
= -75 dBm
Umbrella
EN_PBGT_HO = ENABLED
EN_MCHO_NCELL = ENABLED
EN_SPEED_DISC = ENABLED
L_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 10s
H_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 16s
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
31
13
Umbrella
Pref_layer = upper + single
PRIORITY(micro,umb) = 0
PRIORITY(umb,micro) = 0
Hotspot Microcell
EN_RESCUE_UM = ENABLED
EN_MCHO_H_DL = ENABLED
Pref_layer = upper + single
L_RXLEV_DL_H = -82 dBm
A_LEV_HO = 6
U_RXLEV_DL_MCHO = -90 dBm
A_LEV_MCHO = 4
A_QUAL_HO = 4
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
32
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
33
Indicators Monitoring
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Layer Network
13
34
Create a cell zone for each cell type : Umbrella, Mini, Micro, Indoor, Single
Perform your QoS Monitoring per cell zone
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
RTCH Duration Average is related to the HO/Call indicator. But it gives a better physical sense of possible ping
pong handovers.
13
35
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
36
End of Module
Creating a Multi-Layer Network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
37
Section 1
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization
Module 4
Creating a Multi-Band Network
3JK11169AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
GSM BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Blank Page
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Band Network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
YYYY-MM-DD
First edition
Objectives
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Band Network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
Objectives [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Band Network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
Table of Contents
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Band Network
Page
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
7
26
30
32
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
1 Introduction
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
Strategies
14
What is the current architecture prior to the introduction of the new band ?
1.
2.
What is the planned architecture after the introduction of the new band ?
1.
2.
3.
In order to save cost, the new cells will be collocated with the existing cells
1.
2.
Monolayer
Multilayer
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
1 Introduction
Examples
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Band Network
14
3.
2.
this solution is not practical: macro cells in the new band are always colocated with
existing cells
this solution is not realistic: umbrella cells are always deployed first in a network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
In this course, we focus only on realistic solutions which are chosen by all operators : the new band is never
deployed in a country without colocation with existing cells.
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
10
14
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
Collocated cells
14
outer
inner
cause 13
cause ?
CRO(A)
CRO(B)
CRO(A)
cause 10/11
Cell B
Cell A
cause ?
Cell A
Single-BCCH
Dual-BCCH
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
14
cause 13
CRO(A)
cause 10/11
Cell A
Propagation : 10dB
MS TxPwr : 33 30 = 3dB
OFFSET_HO_MARGIN_INNER 7dB
13
14
14
cause 21
CRO(A)
CRO(B)
Cell B
cause 5
Cell A
Avoid ping-pong HO
HO_MARGIN(B,A) = +127dB
Rule
Rule::L_RXLEV_DL_H(B)
L_RXLEV_DL_H(B)L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(A,B)
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(A,B)5dB
5dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
15
Cell B
Cell A
At
Atnetwork
networklevel,
level,such
suchsettings
settingsare
areunmanageable
unmanageable!!
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
All these computations are based on having a difference of RxLev of 5dB between the "outer" cells.
For example, from cell B to a standalone 1800 cell (called cell C):
- Cell A would perform a PBGT HO if the RxLev(C A) is above 5dB, therefore the HO_Margin(A,C) is 2dB
- Cell B should perform a PBGT HO to C, only if the cell C is 5dB above cell A (in order to avoid ping pong back to
cell A !)
- Because cell B is 10dB less than cell A (diff of propagation), then Cell C should be 15dB above cell B.
It results that after the MS leaves cell B to cell C with a PBGT, then the cell C is more than 5dB above cell B. This
tends to avoid ping pong HO.
It is however possible to reduce this HO MARGIN(B,C) down to 10dB, but this increases the risk of ping pong.
14
ItItisiseasier
easierto
tomanage
manage
Typical
interband
HO
are
only
Typical interband HO are onlycause
cause21
21or
orcause
cause55
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
14
Single-BCCH:
1. Less parameters
2. Much simpler settings, especially adjacency parameters
3. PBGT HO towards all neighbours are possible
Dual-BCCH:
1. Cause 21 is using load conditions in serving and target cells
2. Cause 21 can push a MS from one 900 cell to its collocated cell and to
other 1800 cells as well
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
17
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
18
Single-BCCH strategy
14
The best solution is "cause 14" in order to take into account fast moving
mobiles.
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
19
Dual-BCCH strategy
14
20
UMBRELLA 900
(21)
(5)
UMBRELLA 1800
(5)
(14)
(5)
(14)
MICRO 900
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Call Setup
MICRO 900
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 8 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = infinity
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
14
UMBRELLA 900
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 0 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
MICRO
MICRO
UMB
UMB
UMB
UMB
UMBRELLA 1800
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 4 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
21
14
22
Umbrella
Pref_Layer = none [fixed]
L_RxLev_Ncell_DR = -85dBm
Free_Level_DR = 0
EN_DR = Enable
EN_Fast_Traffic_Ho = Disable
EN_FDR(900) = Disable
EN_FDR(1800) = Enable
0
: top choice
: second choice
: third choice
: last choice
Micro
1
1
If microcell 900
Directed Retry shall always be enabled : it will act as a standard HO (better cell or emergency, depending on the
trigger cause). Refer to previous slides (EM HO and BC HO). The possible DR are not represented by arrows on
this slide, because it can work from any cell towards any cell.
Fast Traffic HO shall be enabled in microcells : an upper layer might not be available to each user, so the FDR
might not work (esp. in case of indoor situation). In order to have a higher probability of F.T.H, it is necessary
to lower the HO MARGIN LEV(micro, umbrella).
The more this value is reduced, the higher the efficiency of F.T.H.
Priority(1800, colocated 900) is one more time very useful here. Since the colocated 900 is fully overlapping the
1800, there is absolutely no degradation of quality whether the call is on the umbrella 900 or umbrella 1800.
Emergency HO
14
23
Umbrella
Pref_Layer = single + upper [fixed]
By default, same band as serving is
preferred
T_HCP = 60s
1
1
: top choice
: second choice
: third choice
: last choice
1
1
If microcell 900
1
1
Micro
EN_Rescue_Um = Enable
Pref_Layer = upper
EN_Mcho_H_DL = Disable
L_RxLev_DL_H -86dBm
Outdoor_Umb_Lev(mini,umb) = -100dBm
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Priority(0,n) is used to favour emergency HO from 1800 umbrella towards its colocated 900 umbrella. This is
useful also for Forced Directed Retry.
It migh be complex to define priority(1800, colocated 900) = 1 and priority(1800, other 900) = 0. However, by
using NPO, it is possible to customize adjacency types to take into account this specificity. Then, by using a
NPO Tuning Session, the tuning is very straight forward.
Better Conditions HO
14
24
Umbrella
Ho_Margin(900,900)=5dB
L_Rxlev_Cpt_Ho(900,)
= -80dBm
12
EN_Pbgt_Ho = Enable
EN_Multiband_Pbgt_Ho = Disable
EN_Preferred_Band_Ho = Enable
EN_Mcho_Ncell = Enable
L_RxLev_Cpt_Ho(0,n) = -80dBm
L_Rxlev_Cpt_Ho(900,)
= -80dBm
12
Multi_Band_Traffic_Condition=Any_Load
EN_Speed_Disc = Enable
14
H_Load_Obj = 70% / L_Load_Obj = 30%
L_Min_Dwell_Time = 8s
H_Min_Dwell_Time = 20s
21
Ho_Margin(1800,1800)=5dB
12
12
12
Micro
21
L_Rxlev_Cpt_Ho(1800,)
14 = -80dBm
EN_Pbgt_Ho = Enable
EN_Preferred_Band_Ho = Disable
EN_Speed_Disc = Enable
High_Traffic_Load = 80%
Ho_Margin(,)=010dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
: Fast MS only
14
25
Umbrella
En_Priority_Ordering = Enable
En_Pbgt_Filtering = Enable
Cell_Ev = GRADE
Ho_Margin_Lev(0,n) = 2dB
Ho_Margin_Qual(900,coloc1800) = -12dB
Ho_Margin_Qual(0,n) = -2dB
Ho_Margin_Dist(0,n) = 2dB
Micro
If microcell 900
En_Priority_Ordering = Enable
En_Pbgt_Filtering = Enable
Cell_Ev = GRADE
Ho_Margin_Lev(,umb) = -5dB
Ho_Margin_Qual(,umb) = -127dB
Ho_Margin_Dist(,umb) = -127dB
Ho_Margin_Lev(, ) = 2dB
Ho_Margin_Qual(, ) = -2dB
Ho_Margin_Dist(, ) = 2dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
: special settings
: default settings
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Umbrella :
HO MARGIN LEV and HO MARGIN DIST shall be set above 0dB, in order to avoid emergency HO ping pong (which
might be rare in a city anyway). Def value = 2dB.
HO MARGIN QUAL is different. If there is a quality issue in the 900 (since the 900 frequency band is more
interfered, this situation is probable), the colocated 1800 must be a possible candidate. But don't forget that
the colocated 1800 is 10dB lower than the 900 : the HO MARGIN QUAL should not filter out this cell.
So a HO MARGIN QUAL = -12dB is chosen.
HO MARGIN QUAL(umb 900, coloc 1800) = -12dB
HO MARGIN QUAL(umb 900, other 1800) = -2dB
HO MARGIN QUAL(umb 900, umb 900) = -2dB
HO MARGIN QUAL(umb 1800, umb *) = -2dB
HO MARGIN QUAL(umb *, )= -2dB
Micro :
The Umbrellas 900 & 1800 are a rescue for a micro. If there is a quality/interference problem in a micro, the
RxLev(Micro) may be very high. Therefore we need to put a very low HO MARGIN QUAL, in order to accept a
target cell with a lower RxLev than the micro.
The HO MARGIN LEV is set to -5dB, in order to give Fast Traffic HO a higher chance of happening (refer to
previous slide)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
26
Assumptions:
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
27
Call Setup
MINI 900
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 4 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
14
UMBRELLA 900
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 0 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
MINI
MINI
UMB
UMB
MINI
MINI
MINI 1800
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 8 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 0 (20 s)
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
The Mini coverage is assumed to be continuous and can be used to capture Fast MS immediately.
28
14
29
Umbrella
Pref_Layer = none [fixed]
EN_DR = Enable
EN_FDR = Disable
EN_Fast_Traffic_Ho = Disable
L_RxLev_Ncell_DR = -85dBm
Free_Level_DR = 0
: top choice
: second choice
: last choice
Mini
Pref_Layer = none [fixed]
EN_DR = Enable
EN_FDR = Enable
EN_Fast_Traffic_Ho = Enable
L_RxLev_Ncell_DR = -47dBm
Free_Level_DR = 0
HO_Margin_Lev(mini,umb) = -5dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
() In order to activate FDR towards MINI 900, if Umbrella are full and Mini 1800 are still congested, it is simple :
Gradually decrease the value of L_RxLev_Ncell_DR(Mini 900) from -60dBm to -80dBm, until a significant decrease
of the congestion in MINI1800 occur.
HO MARGIN LEV(mini, umb)=-5dB : in order to increase the probability to perform a fast traffic HO. To increase
the probability, decrease to -10dB, and so on.
Better Conditions HO
14
30
Umbrella
EN_Pbgt_Ho = Enable
EN_Multiband_Pbgt_Ho = Disable
EN_Preferred_Band_Ho = Disable
EN_Mcho_Ncell = Enable
12
EN_Speed_Disc = Disable
L_Min_Dwell_Time = 6s
21
L_Rx_Lev_Cpt_Ho(0,n) = -80dBm
14
14
12
12
Mini
EN_Pbgt_Ho = Enable
EN_Preferred_Band_Ho = Enable
L_Rx_Lev_Cpt_Ho(0,n) = -80dBm
EN_Speed_Disc = Disable
High_Traffic_Load = 80%
12
21
12
12
: Fast MS only
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Umbrella will unload with cause 14, with a dwell time of 6 seconds.
We need to favour direct HO from umbrella to mini 1800, rather than doing Umbrella Mini 900 Mini 1800.
The Mini 900 is received 10 dB greater than the Mini 1800. So by default, with" cause 14" candidate cell
evaluation, the Mini 900 will have a better ORDER than the Mini 1800 (the PBGT(900) is 7dB greater than
PBGT(1800))
To reverse this situation, we need to favour the Mini 1800, either with :
1)
2)
with link_factor(umb, 1800) = +12dB (so ORDER(1800) are 5dB greater than ORDER(900))
Emergency HO (1/2)
14
31
Umbrella
Pref_Layer = single + upper [fixed]
By default, same band as serving is
preferred
T_HCP = 60s
: top choice
: second choice
: last choice
Mini
EN_Rescue_Um = Enable
Pref_Layer = upper
L_RxLev_DL_H -86dBm
Outdoor_Umb_Lev(mini,umb) = -100dBm
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
There is a risk that the umbrella will collect too much taffic in this situation !
Emergency HO (2/2)
14
32
Umbrella
Pref_Layer = single + upper [fixed]
By default, same band as serving is
preferred
T_HCP = 60s
: top choice
: second choice
: last choice
Mini
EN_Rescue_Um = Disable
Pref_Layer = lower + indoor
L_RxLev_DL_H -86dBm
Outdoor_Umb_Lev(mini,umb) = -100dBm
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
This solution is closer to what we want : the mini cells offer a good coverage. If no mini cells are available, it is
not a problem : the umbrella can still be a valid target cell.
Special attention must be paid to PBGT Filtering : Mini cells can be filtered out, but Umbrellas should stay in the
list.
Remark : Priority(0,n) = 1, for all adjacencies.
Regarding the possibility to use priority(umb, mini1800) = 0 (cf. "Better conditions HO" in this chapter) : it will
impact the EM HO from umbrella. The end result will be :
EM HO from umbrella other umbrella > mini 1800 > mini 900.
The link factor is therefore a better choice, so far.
: special settings
: default settings
Umbrella
14
33
En_Priority_Ordering = Enable
En_Pbgt_Filtering = Enable
Cell_Ev = GRADE
Ho_Margin_Lev(umb,n) = 2dB
Ho_Margin_Qual(umb,n) = -2dB
Ho_Margin_Dist(umb,n) = 2dB
Ho_Margin_Qual(umb, mini 1800) = -12dB
Link_Factor(umb, mini1800) = +12dB
Mini
En_Priority_Ordering = Enable
En_Pbgt_Filtering = Enable
Cell_Ev = GRADE
Ho_Margin_Dist(mini, n) = 2dB
Ho_Margin_Lev(mini,umb) = -5dB
Ho_Margin_Qual(mini,umb) = -127dB
Ho_Margin_Lev(mini, mini) = 2dB
Ho_Margin_Qual(mini, mini) = -2dB
Ho_Margin_Qual(mini, coloc1800) = -12dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Quality HO in an umbrella : As the mini 1800 is seen 10dB lower than the mini 900, there is a risk the mini 1800
will be filtered out during PBGT filtering.
Quality HO in a mini 900 : If no other Mini 900 is around with less than -2dB difference, then the next choice will
be a mini 1800. In order to keep the mini 1800 colocated in the list, it is necessary to reduce the HO MARGIN
QUAL(mini900, coloc1800) below -10dB.
Ho_Margin_Lev(mini,umb) = -5dB For Fast Traffic HO
Link_Factor(umb, mini1800) = +12dB For better condition HO : cause 14 towards Mini 1800 rather than towards
Mini 900.
5 QoS Monitoring
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
34
5 QoS Monitoring
Indicators Monitoring
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Band Network
Umbrella 900
Mini 900
Micro 900
Indoor 900
Umbrella 1800
Mini 1800
Micro 1800
Indoor 1800
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
35
5 QoS Monitoring
Investigation
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Creating a Multi-Band Network
14
TOP
capture
INTERMEDIATE
capture
capture
BOTTOM
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Intermediate layer :
1.
2.
36
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
37
End of Module
Creating a Multi-Band Network
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
38
Section 1
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization
Module 5
Case Studies
3JK11170AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
GSM BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Blank Page
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Case Studies
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
15
Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
YYYY-MM-DD
First edition
Objectives
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Case Studies
15
field cases
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Objectives [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Case Studies
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
15
Table of Contents
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Case Studies
15
Page
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
15
1 Radar Cell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
1 Radar Cell
Exercise
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Case Studies
15
Propose 2 architectures
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Exercise
15
10
new coverage
Define relevant parameter settings to obtain good QoS in the microcell layer
for
Cell B
d
d
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Cell A
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
11
Exercise
15
layer for
x.d
Cell A
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
12
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
Exercise
15
new coverage
Indoor Microcell
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
15
Exercise
15
16
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
17
Exercise
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
18
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
19
Exercise
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
20
15
8 Picocells in Skyscrapers
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
21
8 Picocells in Skyscrapers
Exercise
15
22
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
15
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
23
15
End of Module
Case Studies
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
24
Section 1
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization
Module 6
Appendix
3JK11171AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
GSM BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio Optimization
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2007
Blank Page
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Appendix
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
Document History
Edition
Date
Author
Remarks
01
YYYY-MM-DD
First edition
Objectives
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Appendix
16
field cases
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Objectives [cont.]
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Appendix
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
Table of Contents
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Appendix
16
Page
7
19
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
Load
evaluation
Period
Usage
short term
TCH_INFO_PERIOD
FREEfactors
LOADfactors
medium
term
LOAD_EV_PERIOD x TCH_INFO_PERIOD
long term
N_TRAFFIC_LOAD x A_TRAFFIC_LOAD x
TCH_INFO_PERIOD
Back
Cause 12
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
FREEfactor determination:
Nb free TCH
t <= FREElevel_1
FREELevel_1< t <= FREElevel_2
FREELevel_2< t <= FREElevel_3
FREELevel_3< t <= FREElevel_4
FREELevel_4< t
FREElevel in absolute number of TCHs
FREEfactor in dB
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Nb free TCH
FREEfactor_1
FREEfactor_2
FREEfactor_3
FREEfactor_4
FREEfactor_5
10
16
LOADfactor determination:
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
LOADfactor
LOADfactor_1
LOADfactor_2
LOADfactor_3
LOADfactor_4
LOADfactor_5
11
16
FREEfactor
LOADfactor
t <= 3
- 16 dB
t <= 10%
+10 dB
3 < t <= 8
- 8 dB
+5 dB
8 < t <= 15
0 dB
0 dB
15 < t <= 21
+7 dB
-10 dB
21 < t
+10 dB
80% < t
-15 dB
Nb free TCH = 4
Load = 85,7%
Nb free TCH = 20
Load = 28,6%
HO?
Cell 0
FREEfactor(0) = -8 dBm
LOADfactor(0) = -15 dBm
Cell n
FREEfactor(n) = +7 dBm
LOADfactor(n) = 0 dBm
12
16
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
13
16
AV_LOAD(n) =
Nsamples
Nb free TCH (n)
1
) *100
(1
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
14
16
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
15
16
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
16
17
Traffic_load() was high and the last AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD load average is lower
than LOW_TRAFFIC_LOAD (or IND_TRAFFIC_LOAD if not 0%)
Traffic_load() was low and the last AV_TRAFFIC_LOAD load average is
greater than HIGH_TRAFFIC_LOAD (or IND_TRAFFIC_LOAD if not 0%)
BSC
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
18
Back
Cause 12
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
16
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
19
Presentation - General
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Appendix
16
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
The extended cell has up to 4 TRX in the inner cell and up to 4 TRX in the outer cell.
20
Presentation - Synchronization
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Appendix
16
21
INNER
BSICINNER = BSICOUTER
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
INNER cell
OUTER cell
At the border of the two cells, an overlapping area allows to provide a continuous coverage. When the MS moves
from one cell to the other, a handover is triggered in the overlap zone. Two BCCH channels are needed (one for
the inner cell, one for the outer cell), so that the MS reports measurements on both cells for the handover
algorithms.
The TRXs of the inner cell and of the outer cell are synchronised, but the reception of the outer cell is delayed
by 60bits period to account for the propagation delay.
In the inner cell, the MS can receive the BCCH inner frequency as wells as the outer BCCH frequency. To avoid to
manage RACH reception on two different frequencies in the inner cell, the MS is forced to access the inner cell
on the outer BCCH frequency. For this purpose, the RACH reception (BCCH TRX) of the inner cell is tuned to the
outer BCCH frequency, and the inner cell is barred1. So on time slot 0 of the inner cell, transmission is done on
the inner cell BCCH frequency, and reception is done on outer BCCH frequency.
The chosen implementation allows to make use of all timeslots2 of the TDMA frame and to use the combined
configuration for the CCCH channel.
Presentation - RF Interference
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Appendix
16
Access burst received in the INNER cell (on frequency BCCH OUTER)
AND
Call on TS7 of the OUTER cell
Then, TS7 of the OUTER cell is always set to IDLE (never used)
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BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
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23
The inner cell is always barred, so the MS cannot camp on the inner cell, even if located in the inner cell range. In the whole
extended cell coverage, the MS has a good reception of the outer cell BCCH, so the MS will always be camping in the outer
cell, whether in the inner cell or outer cell range.
For this reason, a special radio and link establishment procedure is used to cope with this behaviour .
It consists of receiving the CHANNEL REQUEST messages on outer BCCH frequency, and allocating the SDCCH channel
according to the MS estimated position. The IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT COMMAND for an SDCCH is sent on the outer cell BCCH
frequencies, but the SDCCH may be allocated in either inner or outer cell, depending on the MS position.
(1) The MS camping on the outer cell sends an access burst on the RACH on outer cell BCCH frequency. These bursts will be
received successfully in the inner cell by the BCCH TRE. In the outer cell, the access burst arrives too early and cannot be
decoded.
(2) The inner cell BCCH TRE sends a CHANNEL REQUIRED message to the BSC containing the random reference sent by the
mobile, the TDMA frame number when the message was sent over the air and the measured TOA.
(3) The TCU controlling this TRE allocates an SDCCH subchannel to the transaction in the inner cell and asks the BTS to
activate this subchannel.
(4) The BTS activates the requested channel and sends back and acknowledgement, once this is done.
(5) The TCU sends the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (which provides the description of the allocated SDCCH) to the BCCH
TRE of the inner cell.
The TCU controlling the inner cell BCCH sends a copy of the message to the TCU handling the BCCH of the outer cell. This
is done if and only if the timing advance IE included in the CHANNEL REQUIRED is
smaller than 60, thus indicating that the
MS is strictly in the inner cell (in order to avoid that the MS
receives two Immediate Assignment messages when located in
the overlap zone).
The TCU controlling the outer cell BCCH forwards the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT COMMAND to the outer cell BCCH TRE.
(6) The IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message is sent over the air to the MS on the AGCH of the outer cell.
(6') The IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message sent by the inner cell is lost, because the MS listens to the outer cell frequency.
(7) The mobile switches its transceiver to the SDCCH allocated in the inner cell and sends repeatedly an SABM frame to
establish the layer 2 connection with the BTS.
(8) The BTS acknowledges the establishment of the LapDm link to the MS with a UA frame sent on the SDCCH allocated to the
MS.
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3JK11171AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
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Optimization
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The TCU sends the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (which provides the description of the allocated SDCCH ) to
the BCCH TRE of the inner cell.
The TCU controlling the inner cell BCCH sends a copy of the message to the TCU handling the BCCH of the outer
cell. This is done if and only if the timing advance IE included in the CHANNEL REQUIRED is smaller than 60, thus
indicating that the MS is strictly in the inner cell (in order to avoid that the MS receives two Immediate
Assignment messages when located in the overlap zone).
The TCU controlling the outer cell BCCH forwards the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT COMMAND to the outer cell BCCH
TRE.
(1) The MS in the outer cell sends an access burst on the RACH of the outer cell. This burst is successfully
received by the outer cell BCCH TRE. In the inner cell, the access burst arrives too late to be successfully
decoded.
(2) The outer cell BCCH TRE sends a CHANNEL REQUIRED message to the BSC containing the random reference
sent by the mobile, the TDMA frame number when the message was sent over the air and the measured TOA.
(3) The TCU controlling this TRE allocates an SDCCH subchannel in the outer cell to the transaction and asks the
BTS to activate this subchannel.
(4) The BTS activates the requested channel and sends back an acknowledgement, once this is done.
(5) The TCU then sends the description of the channel in the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT COMMAND to the outer cell
BCCH TRE.
(6) The IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message is sent over the air to the MS on the AGCH of the outer cell.
(7) The mobile switches its transceiver to the required channel and sends repeatedly an SABM frame to establish
the layer 2 connection with the BTS.
(8) The BTS acknowledges the establishment of the LAPDm link to the MS with a UA frame sent on the SDCCH
allocated to the MS.
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3JK11171AAAAWBZZA Edition 1
Section 1 Module 6 Page 24
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Optimization
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(1a&b) The MS camping on the outer cell sends an access burst on the RACH. This burst is correctly received by the inner cell BCCH TRE and
outer cell BCCH TRE.
(2a&b) The inner cell and outer cell BCCH TRE send a CHANNEL REQUIRED message to the BSC containing the random reference sent by the
mobile, the TDMA frame number when the message was sent over the air and the measured TOA.
(3a&b) Both TCUs controlling the TREs having BCCH allocate an SDCCH subchannel to the transaction and ask the BTS to activate this
subchannel.
(4a&b) The BTS activates the requested channels and sends back an acknowledgement for each, once this is done.
(5b) The TCU controlling the outer cell, sends the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT COMMAND with SDCCH description in the outer cell to the outer cell
BCCH TRE.
(5a&c)The TCU controlling the inner cell sends in the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT COMMAND with SDCCH description in the inner cell. Two cases
are possible:
Access Delay IE > 59 the inner cell TCU will not send a copy of the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT command to the outer cell TCU. This is the
desired behaviour.
Access Delay in [58,59] range, the inner cell TCU sends a copy of the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT command to the outer cell TCU. This is
not the desired behaviour (corresponds to inner cell scenario). This is due to the fact that the BSC definition of the overlap zone does
not match the exact BTS overlap area (negative values of TOA in the outer cell up to 2, are clipped to 0).
(6b) The IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message describing the SDCCH allocation in outer cell, is sent to the MS on the outer cell BCCH frequency. In
most cases this message should be received by the MS (except if 6c is received first)
(6a) The IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message describing the SDCCH allocation in inner cell is lost on the inner cell air interface, because the MS
does not listen to that frequency. The unused SDCCH will be released by the BSC when the supervising timer expires6.
(6c) Access Delay in [58,59] range: The IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message describing the SDCCH allocation in inner cell is sent on the BCCH
frequency of the outer cell. In most cases, the MS should have received message (6b) before and has already switched to the SDCCH in the
outer cell, and so this message is lost. It is however possible, in case the message (6b) is delayed in the inner cell, that the message (6c) is
received earlier by the MS. In this case establishment will occur on the SDCCH allocated in the inner cell (not drawn).
(7b) The mobile receives the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNEMENT describing the SDCCH allocation in outer cell on the BCCH outer cell frequency. It then
switches to the designated channel and sends repeatedly an SABM frame to establish the layer 2 connection with the BTS in the outer cell. If
the message (6c) is received before (6b), then the establishment will occur in the inner cell.
(8b) The BTS acknowledges the establishment of the LapDm link to the MS with a UA frame sent on the SDCCH allocated to the MS.
(9) The unused SDCCH is released in the inner cell (double SDCCH allocation). If message 6c arrives first, then the unused SDCCH release will
occur in the outer cell.
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GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
In the extended cell , the handover procedure is purely controlled by settings of the handover detection
parameters. Two special causes allow handover from the inner cell to the outer cell and handover from the outer
cell to the inner cell. There is no change in the BSC handover algorithm either for handover preparation or
execution.
From the inner cell to the outer cell , the handover alarm is only triggered by the handover cause too long MS-BS
distance. When this cause is triggered the extended outer cell is always a candidate cell.
However the operator setting of the handover parameters must insure that this cause is only triggered when the
distance from the serving inner cell BTS is greater than the limit of the overlap zone (TA > 62) by setting
U_TIME_ADVANCE to 62.
In order to avoid the extended outer cell to be filtered by the filtering process the flag EN_PBGT_FILTERING
must be set to DISABLE.
The candidate cell evaluation process is recommended to be the GRADE mode.
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Cell_range(serving) = extended_outer
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
In the same way, from the outer cell to the inner cell , the handover alarm is only triggered by the handover
cause too short MS-BS distance. When this cause is triggered the extended inner cell is always a candidate cell.
However the operator setting of the handover parameters must insure that this cause is only triggered when the
timing advance applied by the mobile reaches 0, this is achieved by setting L_TIME_ADVANCE to 0.
In order to avoid the extended inner cell to be filtered by the filtering process the flag EN_PBGT_FILTERING
must be set to DISABLE.
The candidate cell evaluation process is recommended to be the GRADE mode.
Handover - From the INNER Cell to the OUTER Cell toward Another Cell
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Appendix
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29
Emergency HO causes 2, 3, 4, 5
Better condition HO causes 12, 23, 24
Evaluation
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
The setting of the handover parameter does not prevent any handover cause to trigger an alarm for a handover
towards a third cell.
It is possible to use exactly the same rules and parameters for handover towards a third cell as in the macro
cellular normal cases.
The synchronous handover does not work between the inner and the outer cell.
In order to avoid call terminations due to directed retry into the inner or outer cell with an incorrect distance
range it is recommended to disable the forced directed retry towards the inner and the outer cell. For this
purpose, the parameter FREELEVEL_DR(n) is set to the maximum value (255) for the inner and the outer cell.
But the Normal DR can be activated.
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TRX_PREF_MARK = 0
Reselection
Because the INNER cell is barred
this cell should must not be declared in the neighbor cells reselection adjacencies
NC2 is not allowed
NACC and (P)SI STATUS are not allowed The INNER cell and OUTER cell must belong
to the same location area
The Master channel is not allowed in both INNER and OUTER cell
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The MS always performs its access on the RACH of the outer BCCH frequency
The BTS provides the BSC with the initial TA
Depending on the TA value, the BSC chooses the suitable cell (INNER or
OUTER)
In UL, whatever the multislot class of the MS, only one PDCH is allocated
Its right or left TS can not be allocated neither for PS nor for CS (see comment)
This TS is considered as a restricted TS by the MSF
The same constraint is applied in DL for the TS carrying the PACCH
OUTER
INNER
Allocated
Allocated
UL
Restricted
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
Restricted
When a MS passes from inner/outer cell to outer/inner cell, the TA estimated by the BTS stalls progressively. So
the MS is not able to apply the suitable correction of its TA for its uplink transfer (data and/or signaling). This
leads progressively to the impossibility for the BTS to decode the uplink radio blocks because they shift out of
their allocated RTS.
For a given MS, its uplink radio blocks progressively come out of its allocated RTS and jams the neighbor RTS.
It jams the right RTS when the MS moves from inner to outer cell. This right RTS can also be the RTS0 of the
next TDMA frame if the RTS7 is allocated to a TBF.
It jams the left RTS when the MS moves from outer to inner cell. This left RTS can also be the TS7 of the
previous TDMA frame if the RTS0 is allocated to a TBF.
If the neighboring RTS is dedicated to other MS for PS or CS call, this jam causes interferences on these RTS and
the BTS can not decode the radio blocks of those MS leading to the drop of these calls.
This drawback only occurs for the uplink direction. The downlink direction does not raise any problem.
To overcome this drawback, some radio resource allocation constraints are to be applied:
A RTS is allocable to a UL TBF if its right RTS is allocated for PS traffic to the MFS, and is not used by a UL
TBF.
When a RTS is allocated, its right RTS cannot be allocated to PS call.
A RTS is allocable to a UL TBF if its left RTS is allocated for PS traffic to the MFS, and is not used by a UL
TBF.
When a RTS is allocated, its left RTS cannot be allocated to PS call.
PS Parameters Setting
Multiband-Multilayer Optimization Appendix
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32
NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER = NC0
EN_NACC = Disable
EN_PSI_STATUS = Disable
NB_TS_MPDCH= Disable
MAX_PDCH, MAX_PDCH_HIGH_LOAD and MIN_PDCH must be set to
GSM
BSS B11 Multilayer and Multiband GSM Network Radio
Optimization
As in UL TBF allocation, the MFS uses at least 2 TS (a restricted one and the one allocated in UL) the number of
PDCH allocable in the extended cells (MAX_PDCH, MIN_PDCH, MAX_PDCH_HIGH_LOAD ) must be even.
16
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End of Module
Appendix
GSM
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34
@@PRODUCT
@@COURSENAME