ELECTRICITE DU CAMBODGE

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL SCIENCE

Calculation of short-circuit
currents
Lay Meng Hort
E-mail: laymenghort@gmail.com
Tel: 012 405 877

Contents
I. Introduction
II. Calculation of Isc by the impedance
method
III. Calculation of Isc values in a radial
network using symmetrical compoment

Introduction

Lay Meng Hort

I. Introduction
Sizing an electrical installation and the
required equipment
determining the characteristics of the
equipment required to withstand or break
the fault current.

Introduction

Lay Meng Hort

I. Introduction
The maximum short-circuit current, used to
determine
The breaking capacity of the circuit
breakers
The making capacity of the circuit breakers
The electrodynamic withstand capacity of
the wiring system and switchgear
Introduction

Lay Meng Hort

I. Introduction
The minimum short-circuit current, essential
when selecting the time-current curve for
circuit breakers and fuses, in particular when:
Cables are long and/or the source
impedance is relatively high.
Protection of life depends on circuit
breaker or fuse operation, essentially the
case for TN and IT electrical systems.

Introduction

Lay Meng Hort

I. Introduction
1. The main types of short-circuits
Characteristics of short-circuits
Duration (self-extinguishing, transient and steadystate)
Origin
Mechanical (break in a conductor, accidental
electrical contact between two conductors via a
foreign conducting body such as a tool or an
animal)
Internal or atmospheric overvoltages
Insulation breakdown due to heat, humidity or a
corrosive environment
Introduction

Lay Meng Hort

I. Introduction
Location (inside or outside a machine or an
electrical switchboard)
Short-circuits can be:
Phase-to-earth (80% of faults)
Phase-to-phase (15% of faults). This type of
fault often degenerates into a three phase
fault
Three-phase (only 5% of initial faults)
Introduction

Lay Meng Hort

I. Introduction

Introduction

Lay Meng Hort

I. Introduction
Consequences of short-circuits
At the fault location, the presence of electrical
arcs, resulting in
Damage to insulation
Welding of conductors
Fire and danger to life
On the faulty circuit
Electrodynamic forces, resulting in
- Deformation of the busbars
- Disconnection of cables

Introduction

Lay Meng Hort

I. Introduction
Excessive temperature rise due to an
increase in Joule losses, with the risk of
damage to insulation
On other circuits in the network or in near-by
networks
Voltage dips during the time required to
clear the fault, ranging from a few
milliseconds to a few hundred milliseconds
Shutdown of a part of the network, the extent
of that part depending on the design of the
network and the discrimination levels offered
by the protection devices
Introduction

10

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I. Introduction
Dynamic instability and/or the loss of
machine synchronisation
Disturbances in control / monitoring circuits

Introduction

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I. Introduction
Standardised Isc calculations
The Isc value is obtained by applying Ohms law:

Introduction

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I. Introduction
Example: Calculate Isc3 ( Parameters of line
should select from table below).

Introduction

13

Lay Meng Hort

Equivalent impedance for AAC (IEC 61089)

Code
N0.

Area
mm2

Z= (Rcos +xSin) /km

Number
of wires

Diameter

R0

X0

N0.

mm

/km

/km

0.95

0.90

0.85

Cos
0.80

10

10

4.05

3.24

0.424

3.21

3.10

2.98 2.85

16

16

5.12

2.02

0.410

2.05

2.00

1.93 1.86

25

25

6.40

1.29

0.396

1.35

1.33

1.31 1.27

40

40

8.09

0.809

0.381

0.89

0.89

0.89 0.88

63

63

10.2

0.514

0.366

0.60

0.62

0.63 0.63

100

100

19

12.9

0.325

0.349

0.42

0.44

0.46 0.47

125

125

19

14.5

0.260

0.342

0.35

0.38

0.40 0.41

160

160

19

16.4

0.203

0.334

0.30

0.33

0.35 0.36

200

200

19

18.3

0.163

0.327

0.26

0.29

0.31 0.33

250

250

19

20.5

0.130

0.320

0.22

0.26

0.28 0.30

315

315

19

23.0

0.104

0.313

0.20

0.23

0.25 0.27

400

400

19

26.0

0.082

0.305

0.17

0.21

0.23 0.25

450

450

19

27.5

0.072

0.301

0.16

0.20

0.22 0.24

500

500

19

29.0

0.065

0.298

0.15

Introduction

14

0.19 0.21 0.23

Lay Meng
Hort

II. Temple of Cambodia

Thank You
Introduction

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Lay Meng Hort